Acute myocardial infarction and acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding are both critical internal medicine conditions. The incidence of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with acute myocardial infarction ranges from 5.31% to 8.90%, with a mortality rate as high as 20.50% to 35.70%. The pathogenesis may be related to the use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs, as well as stress-induced injury. In treatment, the contradiction between antiplatelet/anticoagulation therapy and bleeding has made this disease a significant challenge in modern medicine. Therefore, re-exploring the etiology, pathogenesis, treatment principles, and methods of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for acute myocardial infarction and acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding is of great clinical importance. The research team has been working year-round in the coronary care unit(CCU), managing a large number of such severe patients. By revisiting classic texts and delving into the foundational theories of TCM and historical medical literature, it has been found that this disease falls under the category of "distant blood" in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber. In terms of etiology, it is primarily associated with weakness of healthy Qi and damage caused by drug toxicity. In terms of pathogenesis, in the acute stage, it mainly manifests as insufficient spleen Yang, deficiency of spleen Qi, and failure of the spleen to control blood. In the remission stage, it is characterized by deficiency of both heart Qi and spleen blood. For treatment, during the acute stage, Huangtu Decoction is used to warm Yang and restrain blood, while in the remission stage, Guipi Decoction is administered to tonify Qi and nourish blood. During the treatment process, for patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, it is crucial to flexibly apply the treatment principles of "Nil per os" in western medicine and "where there is stomach Qi, there is life; where there is no stomach Qi, there is death" in TCM. Early intervention with Huangtu Decoction can also prevent bleeding, with large doses being key to achieving hemostasis. It is important to address the pathogenesis of heat syndrome in addition to the core pathogenesis of Yang deficiency bleeding and to emphasize the follow-up treatment with Guipi Decoction for a successful outcome.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology* ; Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Acute Disease

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the underlying causes and clinical manifestations in infants undergoing colonoscopy, and to analyze changes in disease spectrum. METHODS: Clinical data from 180 infants who underwent a total of 184 colonoscopies at the Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University from January 2015 to December 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were grouped by age: ≤6 months (n=41) and >6-12 months (n=139); and by examination period: 2015-2019 (n=83) and 2020-2024 (n=97). Primary causes for performing colonoscopy, final diagnoses, and disease spectrum evolution were assessed. RESULTS: Among 184 colonoscopies, the leading causes prompting examination were hematochezia (37.8%, 68/180), diarrhea (36.7%, 66/180), and co-occurring hematochezia and diarrhea (21.1%, 38/180). Causes for performing colonoscopy differed significantly by age group (P<0.05). Colonic polyps were only detected in the >6-12 months group (P<0.05). Compared to the 2015-2019 group, the 2020-2024 group had fewer food allergy-related gastrointestinal diseases (P<0.05) but more colitis (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Colonoscopy is essential for diagnosing infantile digestive disorders, with disease spectra varying by age and time period.
Humans ; Infant ; Colonoscopy ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Infant, Newborn ; Diarrhea/etiology* ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology*

A 39-year-old male patient was admitted to hospital with abdominal distension, unconsciousness, and anuria. Head computed tomography (CT) showed subarachnoid hemorrhage and diffuse cerebral edema. The high-density area of contrast accumulation region in the high-density CT plaque was 38 HU, and the preliminary diagnosis was SAH, incomplete intestinal obstruction, and sepsis caused by acute cerebrovascular disease. After admission, the patient displayed upturned eyes, limb convulsions, serum procalcitonin level exceeding 100 ng/mL, low blood pressure and septic shock. Imipenem was given for intensive anti-infection therapy. After treatment, procalcitonin levels showed a slow decline, renal function, and intra-abdominal pressure returned to normal, urine volume gradually increased, but platelets still showed a downward trend. Lumbar puncture showed colorless and clear cerebrospinal fluid, and the biochemical and routine results of cerebrospinal fluid were normal. SAH and intracranial infection were excluded, and it was considered that the head CT showed pseudo-subarachnoid hemorrhage. On the 3rd day of admission, laparoscopic exploratory laparotomy+appendectomy+abdominal drainage under general anesthesia were performed. During surgery, purulent gangrene in the appendix was found, with pus adhering to the surface of the intestines and a large amount of pus present in the abdominal cavity. Rhabdomyolysis syndrome developed after surgery. After continuous renal replacement therapy, the indicators gradually returned to normal. The patient was conscious, and the head CT results were normal. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the 19th day after surgery, and no special discomfort and abdominal pain and distension occurred during the 3-month follow-up.
Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Sepsis/diagnostic imaging* ; Multiple Organ Failure/etiology* ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/complications*

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a severe complication that can occur post- hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). So far, the precise pathogenesis and risk factors of DAH post-HSCT remain elusive, diagnostic criteria have not reached a consensus, and the efficacy of existing therapeutic measures is far from satisfactory. At present, it is believed that the core mechanism of DAH post-HSCT is a vicious cycle initiated by endothelial injury, accompanied by a series of subsequent inflammatory and cellular responses. Treatment primarily focuses on managing inflammation, promoting hemostasis, and improving oxygenation. This paper reviews recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of DAH following HSCT.
Humans ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects* ; Hemorrhage/etiology* ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; Lung Diseases/etiology* ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of patients with oral bleeding. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on patients with oral bleeding in the Department of Oral Emergency in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 2019 to December 2022. The distribution of the patients ' gender, age, cause of bleeding, systemic condition, treatment methods and risk factors of hemostasis methods, and number of visits were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 4 764 patients with oral bleeding were enrolled, including 2 660 males (55.84%) and 2 104 females (44.16%), with an average age of 40.7 years. The most common causes of oral bleeding were bleeding after tooth extraction (3 080 cases, 64.65%), followed by gingival bleeding (1 386 cases, 29.09%), bleeding after outpatient surgery (194 cases, 4.07%), maxillofacial mass bleeding (33 cases, 0.69%), postoperative bleeding of inpatient (24 cases, 0.50%), and bleeding from other causes (47 cases, 0.99%). Simple hemostatic methods were applied in 1 867 cases (39.19%) while 2 897 cases (60.81%) used complex methods, among which iodine strip tamponade and suture were the most commonly used methods of hemostasis. Logistic regression analysis showed that the male patients had a higher proportion of complex methods than the female patients; gingival bleeding were often stopped by simple hemostatic methods while complex methods were more likely to be applied in the patients with bleeding after tooth extraction. The patients with hypertension and coagulation disorders were more likely to visit the hospital for repeated bleeding. Gender and age did not affect the number of visits. CONCLUSION Oral bleeding was one of the common diseases in oral emergency. The common causes were bleeding after tooth extraction and gingival bleeding. Most patients could be treated by compression, local suture and packing of iodine strips while some cases with severe bleeding needed further treatment to stop bleeding. A minority of patients with oral bleeding could induce systemic complications, which should be paid full attention by clinicians.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; Risk Factors ; Middle Aged ; Tooth Extraction/adverse effects* ; Oral Hemorrhage/epidemiology* ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Aged ; Child ; Hemostatic Techniques ; Emergencies ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child, Preschool ; Gingival Hemorrhage/etiology*

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare multi-system disease that presents significant diagnostic challenges due to its complexity and low incidence (White and Dubey, 2023). It affects males and females equally, though males may exhibit more active disease at diagnosis and often require more aggressive treatment (Liu et al., 2023). The hallmark features of EGPA include delayed-onset asthma, eosinophilia in tissues and blood, and vasculitis affecting small to medium-sized arteries (White and Dubey, 2023). EGPA falls under the category of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)‍-associated vasculitis (AAV), whereas only about half of EGPA patients test positive for ANCA (Khoury et al., 2023).
Humans ; Male ; Hemorrhage/etiology* ; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/complications* ; Heart Arrest/etiology* ; Early Diagnosis ; Eosinophilia/diagnosis* ; Kidney Diseases/etiology* ; Churg-Strauss Syndrome/complications* ; Middle Aged

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of induced labor in twin pregnancy and the related factors of induced labor failure. Methods: The clinical data of twin pregnant women who underwent induced labor in Peking University Third Hospital from January 2016 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether they had labor or not after induction, pregnant women were divided into the success group (pregnant women who had labor after induction, 72 cases) and the failure group (pregnant women who did not have labor after induction, 30 cases). Logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of induction failure in twin pregnant women. Results: The parity and cervical Bishop score in the failure group were significantly lower than those in the success group, while the proportion of dichorionic diamniotic twins, assisted reproductive technology pregnancy and cervical Bishop score <6, postpartum hospital stay and total hospital stay in the failure group were significantly higher than those in the success group (all P<0.05). The proportion of induced labor by artificial rupture of membranes ± oxytocin intravenous infusion in the success group was 72.2% (52/72), which was significantly higher than that in the failure group (46.7%, 14/30; P=0.030). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the gestational age at delivery, the incidence of severe postpartum hemorrhage and blood transfusion, the amount of postpartum hemorrhage, the neonatal weight of two fetuses, the incidence of neonatal asphyxia, and the proportion of neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (all P>0.05). There were no severe perineal laceration and hysterectomy in all pregnant women. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that primipara (OR=3.064, 95%CI: 1.112-8.443; P=0.030) and cervical Bishop score <6 (OR=5.208, 95%CI: 2.008-13.508; P=0.001) were the independent risk factors for induction failure in twin pregnancy. Conclusions: Elective induction of labor in twin pregnancy is safe and feasible. It is helpful to improve the success rate of induction of labor by strictly grasping the timing and indications of termination of pregnancy, choosing the appropriate method of induction according to the condition of the cervix, and actively promoting cervical ripening .
Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Postpartum Hemorrhage/etiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Labor, Induced/methods* ; Cervical Ripening

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance combined with renal damage is named monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance. There are few reports about IgA vasculitis in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Here, we report a case of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance, who had manifestations of IgA vasculitis, including purpura, gastrointestinal bleeding and joint pain. The patient had elevated serum creatinine levels, prompting further investigation through immunofixation electrophoresis and bone marrow aspiration biopsy. Immunofixation electrophoresis showed IgA-λ-type monoclonal immunoglobulin, while the bone marrow aspiration biopsy suggested plasmacytosis. Kidney biopsy indicated membranous hyperplastic glomerulonephritis, light and heavy chain deposition, IgA-λ. The patient was diagnosed with monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance. In light of the elevated serum creatinine, the patient was treated with chemotherapy regimen (bortezomib +cyclophosphamide +dexamethasone). After chemotherapy, there was no significant improvement in the patient's renal function. Subsequently, the patient experienced abdominal pain, skin purpura, joint pain and severe gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastroenteroscopy did not find the exact bleeding position. Angiography revealed hyperplasia of left jejunal artery. Surgical operation found that the bleeding site was located between the jejunum and ileum, where scattered hemorrhagic spots and multiple ulcers were present on the surface of the small intestine, with the deepest ulcers reaching the serosal layer. And the damaged intestine was removed during the operation. Intestinal pathology showed multiple intestinal submucosal arteritis, rusulting in intestinal wall necrosis and multiple ulcers. Considering intestinal lesions as gastrointestinal involvement of IgA vasculitis, methylprednisolone was used continually after the operation, and the patient's condition was improved. However, after half a year, the patient suffered a severe respiratory infection and experienced a recurrence of serious gastrointestinal bleeding. It was considered that the infection triggered the activity of IgA vasculitis, accompanied by gastrointestinal involvement. Finally, the patient died from gastrointestinal bleeding. The present case represented a patient with monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance and IgA vasculitis, prominently presenting with renal insufficiency and severe gastrointestinal bleeding, making the diagnosis and treatment process complex. Patients with IgA monoclonal gammopathy who presented with abdominal pain, purpura, and arthralgia should be vigilant for the possibility of concomitant IgA vasculitis. The treatment of cases with IgA vasculitis combined with monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance was rather challenging. Plasma cell targeting therapy might be an effective regimen for IgA vasculitis with monoclonal gammopathy. However, patients with poor renal response to the treatment indicated poor prognosis.
Humans ; Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage* ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology* ; IgA Vasculitis/complications* ; Immunoglobulin A ; Intestine, Small/pathology* ; Kidney/pathology* ; Kidney Diseases/pathology* ; Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance/complications* ; Necrosis ; Paraproteinemias/complications* ; Vasculitis/etiology*

Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of transmesenteric vein extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TEPS) and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in the treatment of cavernous transformation of the portal vein (CTPV). Methods: The clinical data of CTPV patients with patency or partial patency of the superior mesenteric vein treated with TIPS or TEPS treatment in the Department of Vascular Surgery of Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected. The differences in baseline data, surgical success rate, complication rate, incidence rate of hepatic encephalopathy, and other related indicators between TIPS and TEPS group were statistically analyzed by independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to calculate the cumulative patency rate of the shunt and the recurrence rate of postoperative portal hypertension symptoms in both groups. Results: The surgical success rate (100% vs. 65.52%), surgical complication rate (6.67% vs. 36.84%), cumulative shunt patency rate (100% vs. 70.70%), and cumulative symptom recurrence rate (0% vs. 25.71%) of the TEPS group and TIPS group were statistically significantly different (P < 0.05). The time of establishing the shunt [28 (2141) min vs. 82 (51206) min], the number of stents used [1 (12) vs. 2 (15)], and the length of the shunt [10 (912) cm vs. 16 (1220) cm] were statistically significant between the two groups (t = -3.764, -4.059, -1.765, P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative hepatic encephalopathy in the TEPS group and TIPS group was 6.67% and 15.79% respectively, with no statistically significant difference (Fisher's exact probability method, P = 0.613). The pressure of superior mesenteric vein decreased from (29.33 ± 1.99) mmHg to (14.60 ± 2.80) mmHg in the TEPS group and from (29.68 ± 2.31) mmHg to (15.79 ± 3.01) mmHg in TIPS group after surgery, and the difference was statistically significant (t = 16.625, 15.959, P < 0.01). Conclusion: The best indication of TEPS is in CTPV patients with patency or partial patency of the superior mesenteric vein. TEPS improves the accuracy and success rate of surgery and reduces the incidence of complications.
Humans ; Portal Vein/surgery* ; Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic/methods* ; Hepatic Encephalopathy/etiology* ; Treatment Outcome ; Hypertension, Portal/complications* ; Retrospective Studies ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology*

Viper bite envenomation represents a significant occupational hazard among agricultural workers in India. The viper bite envenomation is usually suspected when a patient presents with predominant local symptoms at the bitten site, including pain, swelling, and necrosis. Further, systemic findings such as diffuse intravascular coagulation, hypotension, and shock may alert physicians of viper bite envenomation rather than a neurotoxic snake bite. However, cerebral complications are rare in viper bites but may potentially fatal. Central nervous system involvement in a viper bite is either due to neurotoxins or hemorrhagins present in the venom, which may induce cerebral thrombosis, ischemia, infarction, and hemorrhage. Here we present a case of a previously healthy adult male who succumbed to extensive subarachnoid, intracerebral, and intraventricular hemorrhages involving bilateral cerebral hemispheres following viper snake bite envenomation. This report highlights the importance of anticipating cerebral complications in viper bite envenomation, a rare occurrence. It also emphasizes the need for early antisnake venom administration to prevent and control systemic envenomation and its complications.
Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Snake Bites/complications* ; Hemorrhage/etiology* ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Shock ; India