ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Qiaoqi Formula （翘芪组方） for mild influenza. MethodsA randomized controlled study was designed， recruiting 74 patients with mild influenza， who were randomly divided into trial group and control group. The trial group took Qiaoqi Formula orally， 40ml each time， twice a day； the control group took Lianhua Qingwen Capsules （连花清瘟胶囊） orally， 1.4 g each time， three times a day. Both groups were treated for 3 consecutive days and follow-up for 4 consecutive days after treatment. The time for fever reduction including onset of fever reduction， complete fever reduction time， fever reduction rates at 24， 48 and 72 hours， improvement of influenza symptoms， total traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score， and safety indicators in two groups after treatment were recorded. ResultsSixty-five patients were ultimately included， including 36 in the trial group and 29 in the control group. Onset time of fever reduction in the trial group was （15.49±23.47） h， the complete fever reduction time （21.37±30.06）h， and the 24 h， 48 h， 72 h， fever reduction rate was 77.14%， 88.57%， 91.42% respectively. The above indicators of the control group showed as （17.58±20.38）h， （24.30±21.87）h， 61.29%， 90.32%， 96.77% respectively， with no statistically significant differences （P＞0.05）. On the 7th day after treatment， the total score of TCM syndromes in trial group and control group decreased compared to those before treatment （P＜0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the cure rate， significant effective rate， effective rate， and total effective rate of TCM syndromes between groups （P＞0.05）. On the 4th day， the lymphocyte ratio of patients in the control group was higher than before treatment， while alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， urea， and creatinine of both groups before and after treatment were within the normal range. The main adverse reactions in both groups were mild headache and dizziness， and no serious adverse reactions observed. ConclusionThe therapeutic effect of Qiaoqi Formula in treating mild influenza is equivalent to Lianhua Qingwen Capsules， which can shorten the fever reduction time， improve clinical symptoms， and no adverse events observed during the study.

The biological clock(also known as the circadian rhythm)is the fundamental reliance for all organisms on Earth to adapt and survive in the Earth's rotation environment.Circadian rhythm is the most basic regulatory mechanism of life activities,and plays a key role in maintaining normal physiological and biochemical homeostasis,disease occurrence and treatment.Recent studies have shown that the biologi-cal clock plays an important role in the development of oral tissues and in the occurrence and treatment of oral diseases.Since there is cur-rently no guiding literature on the research methods of biological clock in stomatology,researchers mainly conduct research based on pub-lished references,which has led to controversy about the research methods of biological clock in stomatology,and there are many confusions about how to rationally apply the research methods of circadia rhythms.In view of this,this expert consensus summarizes the characteristics of the biological clock and analyzes the shortcomings of the current biological clock research in stomatology,and organizes relevant experts to summarize and recommend 10 principles as a reference for the rational implementation of the biological clock in stomatology research.

Objective:To investigate the iodine content in drinking water of residents in Henan Province, and clarify the distribution characteristics of water iodine in Henan Province.Methods:In 2017, in all counties (cities and districts, hereinafter referred to as counties) of Henan Province, taking township (town, subdistrict office, hereinafter referred to as township) as the unit to carry out an investigation of iodine content in drinking water; and in the township with water iodine content of 10 μg/L or more, taking administrative village (neighborhood committee, hereinafter referred to as the administrative village) as the unit to carry out the drinking water iodine content investigation. Supplementary investigation was conducted from 2018 to 2020 in administrative villages where water iodine levels had never been tested or had not been tested after replacing water sources. At least 25 ml water samples were collected at each sampling site, and the water iodine content was determined by cerous sulfate catalytic spectrophotometry.Results:From 2017 to 2020, the median water iodine in Henan Province was 8.20 μg/L. A total of 50 124 administrative villages in 2 465 townships, 160 counties and 18 provincial-level cities were investigated for iodine content in drinking water, of which 65.5% (32 807/50 124) of the administrative villages had a median water iodine < 40 μg/L, belonging to iodine deficiency area; 16.9% (8 473/50 124) of the administrative villages had a median water iodine of 40-100 μg/L, suitable for iodine; and 17.6% (8 844/50 124) of the administrative villages had a median water iodine > 100 μg/L, belonging to water source high iodine area.Conclusions:Henan Province as a whole is at the state of iodine deficiency in the external environment. Most administrative villages are iodine deficiency areas. There are certain proportion of water source areas with high iodine and areas with suitable iodine.

Objective:To investigate the iodine nutritional level of residents in iodine adequate areas in Henan Province, and provide basis for making policy of targeted guidance and rational iodine supplementation.Methods:In the 156 counties of Henan Province in 2020, one township was selected from each location (east, west, south, north and middle) in each county; one school was selected from each township; 40 children aged 8-10 years in the school and 20 pregnant women in the township were selected to collect their urine and salt samples to test urine and salt iodine levels. One third of the counties were selected to examine the thyroid gland of children. Individuals lived in villages with water iodine between 40 and 100 μg/L were included in the study.Results:In iodine adequate areas, a total of 2 097 salt samples were collected from children and tested, the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 93.6% (1 962/2 097). A total of 2 096 urine samples were collected from children and tested, and the median urinary iodine was 288.0 μg/L. The goiter rate of children was 0.7% (5/723). A total of 1 068 salt samples from pregnant women were tested, and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 93.0% (993/1 068). A total of 1 068 urine samples from pregnant women were tested, with a median urinary iodine 232.7 μg/L. Stratified by water iodine (40-59, 60-79, 80-100 μg/L), the median urinary iodine of children was 273.8, 288.6, and 305.9 μg/L, respectively, statistically significantly different between groups ( H = 15.79, P < 0.001); the goiter rate of children was ≤2%, and the difference between groups was statistically significant (χ 2 = 7.31, P = 0.026); but the median urinary iodine of pregnant women was not significantly different ( H = 1.82, P = 0.402). Under different water iodine conditions, there was no significant difference in urinary iodine levels in children and pregnant women between the high salt iodine concentration group (≥21 mg/kg) and the low salt iodine concentration group (< 21 mg/kg, P > 0.05). Conclusions:The iodine nutrition level of children in iodine adequate areas in Henan Province is relatively high, and the iodine nutrition of pregnant women is appropriate. The goiter rate of children is at a relatively low level. Continuous surveillance should be conducted to comprehensively evaluate the iodine nutrition level. Various measures will be taken by regions and populations.

Objective:To compare the coverage rate of non-iodized salts, children's iodine nutrition and the change trend of goiter rate between the original water source high iodine areas in Henan Province in 2017 and the newly designated water source high iodine areas in 2019.Methods:Using a cross-sectional survey method, household edible salt monitoring was conducted in all 20 counties (cities, districts) with high iodine content in Henan Province in 2017. Ten counties (cities, districts) were selected to monitor water iodine, urinary iodine and thyroid volume of children aged 8 to 10 years. A total of 4 430 salt samples and 1 012 urine samples were collected, and thyroid volume of 1 012 children were measured. In 2019, monitoring of household edible salt, water iodine, urinary iodine, and thyroid volume was carried out in all 55 newly designated counties (cities, districts) with high iodine village. A total of 9 835 salt samples and 9 830 urine samples were collected, and the thyroid volume of 8 896 children was measured. The monitoring results of two years were compared, and the relationship between children's urinary iodine and goiter rate was analyzed by univariate logistic regression.Results:In 2019, the water iodine content in newly designated high iodine areas decreased compared to the original high iodine areas in 2017 (119.8 to 191.0 μg/L), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z = - 2.48, P = 0.013). The rate of non-iodized salts in 2019 was only 35.5% (3 494/9 835), significantly lower than that in 2017 (96.2%, 4 263/4 430, χ 2 = 4 536.74, P < 0.001). The median urinary iodine of children in 2017 and 2019 were 338.2 and 317.8 μg/L, respectively, the difference between the two years was statistically significant ( Z = - 2.46, P = 0.014). In 2017 and 2019, the goiter rate of children aged 8 to 10 years was 1.5% (15/1 012) and 2.1% (187/8 896), respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two years (χ 2 = 1.76, P = 0.185). The results of univariate logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with the control group with urinary iodine < 100 μg/L, the risk of goiter rate (but the enlargement rate did not exceed 5%) increased with the increase of urinary iodine level (100 - 199, 200 - 299 and ≥300 μg/L groups), and the differences were statistically significant [odds ratio ( OR) = 8.64, 7.68, 10.69, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:After the implementation of the new demarcation standard for areas with excessive iodine in water sources, the supply of non-iodized salts in Henan Province is relatively lagging behind, and the iodine nutrition level of children is still high, but the goiter rate is relatively stable.

Objective:To understand the status of drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis in Henan Province, so as to provide scientific basis for improving prevention and control strategies.Methods:Ten counties (districts, referred to as counties) were selected from drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas of Henan Province in 2018. Three villages in each project county were selected according to the disease status of mild, moderate and severe conditions, and the operation status of water improvement projects, water fluoride content and dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 years in each diseased village were monitored.Results:Totally 30 villages were surveyed, all of which were in the water improvement projects; a total of 25 water improvement projects were monitored, all of them were in normal operation, and the water fluoride exceeding standard rate was 28.00% (7/25), the qualified rate of water fluoride in the water improvement projects was 72.00% (18/25). Among them, 21 villages were in normal operation and the water fluoride in the water improvement projects met national standard. In which the detection rate of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 years was 36.71% (606/1 651), the index of dental fluorosis was 0.74, and the epidemic intensity was extremely mild. Water fluoride of water improvement projects in 9 villages exceeded the national standard, where the detection rate of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 years was 43.57% (261/599), the index of dental fluorosis was 0.78, and the epidemic intensity was extremely mild. The detection rate of dental fluorosis among children in the villages where the water fluoride of water improvement projects exceeded the national standard was higher than that in the villages where the water fluoride of water improvement projects met the national standard (χ 2=8.752, P < 0.01). Conclusions:The excessive fluorine content in the water of water improvement projects is still serious, and the epidemic is still severe. It is necessary to strengthen the scientific demonstration of the water improvement project construction and the project acceptance upon completion, so as to prevent unqualified projects from being put into use. We will carry out regular water quality monitoring and promptly rectify projects with water quality exceeding the standards.

Objective:To understand the prevention and control progress of drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis in Henan Province, to evaluate the effects of prevention and control measures, and provide a basis for adjusting prevention and control strategies.Methods:In 2019, a general survey was conducted in all registered drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis villages in Henan Province to monitor the basic conditions of water improvement, the fluoride content of drinking water and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 8-12 years. The control compliance (water fluoride content qualified and the detection rate of dental fluorosis of children ≤30%) status of the villages was analyzed, and calculate the compliance rate.Results:A total of 17 504 drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis villages were monitored, among them, 17 352 villages with water improvement and 152 villages without water improvement, with a water improvement rate of 99.1%. Among the 3 685 water improvement projects constructed, 3 448 were in normal operation, and the normal operation rate was 93.6%. There were 13 526 villages with qualified drinking water fluoride content, and the qualified rate of water fluorine was 77.3%; the actual beneficiary population was 11 011 000, and the population benefit rate was 90.1%. The qualified rate of water fluoride in the villages with and without water improvement was 77.9% (13 512/17 352) and 9.2% (14/152), respectively; the qualified rate of water fluoride in the villages with water improvement was significantly higher than that in the villages without water improvement (χ 2=400.58, P < 0.05). A total of 498 527 children of 8 to 12 years old were examined, 68 972 cases of dental fluorosis were detected, the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 13.84%, and the dental fluorosis index was 0.3. The number of villages meeting the control standard was 12 488, and the compliance rate was 71.3%. Conclusions:In Henan Province, the water improvement projects in the drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas have been basically implemented, and the disease has been effectively controlled. However, there is still a certain gap with the target of the "13th Five-Year Plan on National Prevention and Control of Endemic Diseases", and timely rectification is needed to ensure the effectiveness of the water improvement projects.

Objective:To investigate the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women in Henan Province after implementation of new standard of iodized salt, and to provide evidence for scientific adjustment of control strategy.Methods:In 2018, according to "Henan Surveillance Program on Iodine Deficiency Disorders", 5 townships were randomly picked out based on their sub area positions of east, west, south, north and middle in each county in the non-high iodine areas of 156 non-high iodine and high iodine counties (cities, districts). Then 20 pregnant women were sampled in each chosen township to collect and determine their salt and urinary iodine contents. The iodine level in salt was determined by direction titration; the salt samples from Sichuan and other enhanced salt samples were detected by arbitration; iodine content in urine was tested by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophometry.Results:In total, 15 430 household salt samples of pregnant women were collected and determined; the coverage rate of iodized salt was 95.4% (14 721/15 430) and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 87.0% (13 426/15 430); the median of salt iodine was 25.8 mg/kg. Totally 15 378 urine samples were collected and the median urinary iodine was 188.0 μg/L. The medians of urinary iodine of early, middle and late pregnant were 190.2, 188.9 and 186.0 μg/L, respectively.Conclusions:After the implementation of new standard of iodized salt, the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women in Henan Provence is totally appropriate. The surveillance of iodine status and the universal salt prevention and control strategies among pregnant women should be continuously presented to ensure the moderate amount of iodine intake.

Iodine nutrition surveillance of vulnerable population was conducted in 18 cities of Henan Province in 2015. The medians and quartiles of urinary iodine concentration in women of reproductive-age (n=3 318), pregnant women (n=36 366), lactating women (n=4 153), infants <2 years of age (n=1 017), and children aged 8-10 years (n=4 806) were 202.1(124.0, 310.0), 192.4(133.6, 262.4), 168.3(119.1, 248.3), 214.2(156.1, 272.3) and 90.0 (121.8, 285.6) μg/L, respectively. Iodine status of the vulnerable populations was generally regarded as adequate in Henan Province. But the median of urinary iodine concentration of reproductive-age women were slightly above the adequate level. The proportions above iodine adequate level were 26.7% in reproductive-age women, 29.4% in pregnant women and 22.5% in children aged 8-10 years.

Objective To investigate the iodine nutritional status among children aged 8-10 years old in Henan Province after five years of implementation of new standard iodized salt,and to provide evidence for scientific adjustment of control strategy.Methods In 2017,according to "Henan Surveillance Program on Iodine Deficiency Disorders",children aged 8-10 years old (half males and half females) were chosen as research targets.In nonhigh iodine areas of 156 non-high iodine counties (cities,districts) and high iodine counties (cities,districts) in Henan Province,household salt samples were collected;in 113 counties (cities,districts),urine samples were collected;in 67 counties (cities,districts),thyroid volume was measured.Salt iodine was tested by direction titration,the salt samples from Sichuan and other enhanced salt samples were tested by the arbitration method;urinary iodine was tested by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophometry;thyroid volume was measured by ultrasound method.Results In 2017,totally 31 174 household salt samples of 8-10 years old children were collected and tested,the median of salt iodine was 25.8 mg/kg;the coverage rate of iodized salt was 95.0％ (29 613/31 174) and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 85.6％ (26 673/31 174).Totally 22 442 urine samples were collected and the median of urinary iodine content was 208.0 μg/L.Totally 13 439 school children were examined thyroid volume and the goiter rate.was 1.5％ (196/13 439).Conclusions After the promotion of new standard iodized salt,the iodine nutritional status of children aged 8-10 years old in Henan Province is appropriate.However,the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt is lower,so the universal salt iodization prevention and control strategies should be performed for a long time.At the same time,health education of iodine deficiency knowledge should be strengthened.