Background: and Purpose Previous research on patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has shown a 0.5% incidence of major gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) requiring blood transfusion during hospitalization. The existing literature has insufficiently explored the long-term incidence in this population despite the decremental impact of GIB on stroke outcomes. Methods: We analyzed the data from a cohort of patients with AIS admitted to 14 hospitals as part of a nationwide multicenter prospective stroke registry between 2011 and 2013. These patients were followed up for up to 6 years. The occurrence of major GIB events, defined as GIB necessitating at least two units of blood transfusion, was tracked using the National Health Insurance Service claims data. Results: Among 10,818 patients with AIS (male, 59%; mean age, 68±13 years), 947 (8.8%) experienced 1,224 episodes of major GIB over a median follow-up duration of 3.1 years. Remarkably, 20% of 947 patients experienced multiple episodes of major GIB. The incidence peaked in the first month after AIS, reaching 19.2 per 100 person-years, and gradually decreased to approximately one-sixth of this rate by the 2nd year with subsequent stabilization. Multivariable analysis identified the following predictors of major GIB: anemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 , and a 3-month modified Rankin Scale score of ≥4. Conclusion Patients with AIS are susceptible to major GIB, particularly in the first month after the onset of AIS, with the risk decreasing thereafter. Implementing preventive strategies may be important, especially for patients with anemia and impaired renal function at stroke onset and those with a disabling stroke.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the mediating effect of organizational communication on the relationship between organizational justice and the work engagement of clinical nurses. Methods: This study included 186 nurses from 6 small and medium-sized hospitals. Data were collected from September 1 to October 31, 2023 using self-report questionnaires and were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 25.0. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Multiple regression analysis based on the three-step mediation effect verification procedures proposed by Baron and Kenny, and the mediating effect was confirmed using bootstrapping and verified using the SPSS PROCESS macro model 4. Results: Organizational communication had perfect mediating effects on the relationship between organizational justice and work engagement (indirect effect=0.35). Conclusion Based on the results of this study, to improve the work engagement of clinical nurses, institutional efforts to improve the justice of nursing organizations and effective strategies are needed to develop and apply programs to enhance organizational communication competency.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the mediating effect of organizational communication on the relationship between organizational justice and the work engagement of clinical nurses. Methods: This study included 186 nurses from 6 small and medium-sized hospitals. Data were collected from September 1 to October 31, 2023 using self-report questionnaires and were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 25.0. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Multiple regression analysis based on the three-step mediation effect verification procedures proposed by Baron and Kenny, and the mediating effect was confirmed using bootstrapping and verified using the SPSS PROCESS macro model 4. Results: Organizational communication had perfect mediating effects on the relationship between organizational justice and work engagement (indirect effect=0.35). Conclusion Based on the results of this study, to improve the work engagement of clinical nurses, institutional efforts to improve the justice of nursing organizations and effective strategies are needed to develop and apply programs to enhance organizational communication competency.

Background: and Purpose Parkinson’s disease (PD) significantly impacts the quality of life via both motor and nonmotor symptoms. Exercise is a valuable nonpharmacological intervention that can alleviate PD symptoms and slow disease progression. Understanding the factors that motivate and restrict exercise in PD patients is essential for promoting engagement.This study aimed to identify the motivators and barriers affecting exercise in PD patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed exercise habits, motivators, and barriers among PD patients with a modified Hoehn and Yahr stage of ≤2.5. Participants were categorized into non-, low-, and high-exercise groups based on the World Health Organization guidelines. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Korean version of the Sport Motivation Scale, and a barriers-to-exercise questionnaire were utilized. Results: Data from 165 of 196 enrolled patients were analyzed: 28 (17.0%), 88 (53.3%), and 49 (29.7%) in the non-, low-, and high-exercise groups, respectively. The nonexercise group demonstrated higher levels of fatigue and apathy, and more-severe cardiovascular, mood, intellectual, attention, gastrointestinal, and urinary symptoms. While all groups recognized the benefit of exercise, those in the nonexercise group viewed PD symptoms and depressive mood as major barriers, whereas those in the high-exercise group were primarily motivated by personal satisfaction. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of enjoyment and personal satisfaction to the maintenance of exercise habits among PD patients. By enhancing specific motivators and overcoming barriers, particularly PD symptoms and related nonmotor symptoms, tailored interventions can be implemented to increase exercise adherence and, eventually, improve the quality of life of PD patients.

Background: and Purpose Parkinson’s disease (PD) significantly impacts the quality of life via both motor and nonmotor symptoms. Exercise is a valuable nonpharmacological intervention that can alleviate PD symptoms and slow disease progression. Understanding the factors that motivate and restrict exercise in PD patients is essential for promoting engagement.This study aimed to identify the motivators and barriers affecting exercise in PD patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed exercise habits, motivators, and barriers among PD patients with a modified Hoehn and Yahr stage of ≤2.5. Participants were categorized into non-, low-, and high-exercise groups based on the World Health Organization guidelines. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Korean version of the Sport Motivation Scale, and a barriers-to-exercise questionnaire were utilized. Results: Data from 165 of 196 enrolled patients were analyzed: 28 (17.0%), 88 (53.3%), and 49 (29.7%) in the non-, low-, and high-exercise groups, respectively. The nonexercise group demonstrated higher levels of fatigue and apathy, and more-severe cardiovascular, mood, intellectual, attention, gastrointestinal, and urinary symptoms. While all groups recognized the benefit of exercise, those in the nonexercise group viewed PD symptoms and depressive mood as major barriers, whereas those in the high-exercise group were primarily motivated by personal satisfaction. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of enjoyment and personal satisfaction to the maintenance of exercise habits among PD patients. By enhancing specific motivators and overcoming barriers, particularly PD symptoms and related nonmotor symptoms, tailored interventions can be implemented to increase exercise adherence and, eventually, improve the quality of life of PD patients.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the mediating effect of organizational communication on the relationship between organizational justice and the work engagement of clinical nurses. Methods: This study included 186 nurses from 6 small and medium-sized hospitals. Data were collected from September 1 to October 31, 2023 using self-report questionnaires and were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 25.0. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Multiple regression analysis based on the three-step mediation effect verification procedures proposed by Baron and Kenny, and the mediating effect was confirmed using bootstrapping and verified using the SPSS PROCESS macro model 4. Results: Organizational communication had perfect mediating effects on the relationship between organizational justice and work engagement (indirect effect=0.35). Conclusion Based on the results of this study, to improve the work engagement of clinical nurses, institutional efforts to improve the justice of nursing organizations and effective strategies are needed to develop and apply programs to enhance organizational communication competency.

Background: and Purpose Previous research on patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has shown a 0.5% incidence of major gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) requiring blood transfusion during hospitalization. The existing literature has insufficiently explored the long-term incidence in this population despite the decremental impact of GIB on stroke outcomes. Methods: We analyzed the data from a cohort of patients with AIS admitted to 14 hospitals as part of a nationwide multicenter prospective stroke registry between 2011 and 2013. These patients were followed up for up to 6 years. The occurrence of major GIB events, defined as GIB necessitating at least two units of blood transfusion, was tracked using the National Health Insurance Service claims data. Results: Among 10,818 patients with AIS (male, 59%; mean age, 68±13 years), 947 (8.8%) experienced 1,224 episodes of major GIB over a median follow-up duration of 3.1 years. Remarkably, 20% of 947 patients experienced multiple episodes of major GIB. The incidence peaked in the first month after AIS, reaching 19.2 per 100 person-years, and gradually decreased to approximately one-sixth of this rate by the 2nd year with subsequent stabilization. Multivariable analysis identified the following predictors of major GIB: anemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 , and a 3-month modified Rankin Scale score of ≥4. Conclusion Patients with AIS are susceptible to major GIB, particularly in the first month after the onset of AIS, with the risk decreasing thereafter. Implementing preventive strategies may be important, especially for patients with anemia and impaired renal function at stroke onset and those with a disabling stroke.

Background: and Purpose Parkinson’s disease (PD) significantly impacts the quality of life via both motor and nonmotor symptoms. Exercise is a valuable nonpharmacological intervention that can alleviate PD symptoms and slow disease progression. Understanding the factors that motivate and restrict exercise in PD patients is essential for promoting engagement.This study aimed to identify the motivators and barriers affecting exercise in PD patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed exercise habits, motivators, and barriers among PD patients with a modified Hoehn and Yahr stage of ≤2.5. Participants were categorized into non-, low-, and high-exercise groups based on the World Health Organization guidelines. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Korean version of the Sport Motivation Scale, and a barriers-to-exercise questionnaire were utilized. Results: Data from 165 of 196 enrolled patients were analyzed: 28 (17.0%), 88 (53.3%), and 49 (29.7%) in the non-, low-, and high-exercise groups, respectively. The nonexercise group demonstrated higher levels of fatigue and apathy, and more-severe cardiovascular, mood, intellectual, attention, gastrointestinal, and urinary symptoms. While all groups recognized the benefit of exercise, those in the nonexercise group viewed PD symptoms and depressive mood as major barriers, whereas those in the high-exercise group were primarily motivated by personal satisfaction. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of enjoyment and personal satisfaction to the maintenance of exercise habits among PD patients. By enhancing specific motivators and overcoming barriers, particularly PD symptoms and related nonmotor symptoms, tailored interventions can be implemented to increase exercise adherence and, eventually, improve the quality of life of PD patients.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the mediating effect of organizational communication on the relationship between organizational justice and the work engagement of clinical nurses. Methods: This study included 186 nurses from 6 small and medium-sized hospitals. Data were collected from September 1 to October 31, 2023 using self-report questionnaires and were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 25.0. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Multiple regression analysis based on the three-step mediation effect verification procedures proposed by Baron and Kenny, and the mediating effect was confirmed using bootstrapping and verified using the SPSS PROCESS macro model 4. Results: Organizational communication had perfect mediating effects on the relationship between organizational justice and work engagement (indirect effect=0.35). Conclusion Based on the results of this study, to improve the work engagement of clinical nurses, institutional efforts to improve the justice of nursing organizations and effective strategies are needed to develop and apply programs to enhance organizational communication competency.

Background: and Purpose Previous research on patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has shown a 0.5% incidence of major gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) requiring blood transfusion during hospitalization. The existing literature has insufficiently explored the long-term incidence in this population despite the decremental impact of GIB on stroke outcomes. Methods: We analyzed the data from a cohort of patients with AIS admitted to 14 hospitals as part of a nationwide multicenter prospective stroke registry between 2011 and 2013. These patients were followed up for up to 6 years. The occurrence of major GIB events, defined as GIB necessitating at least two units of blood transfusion, was tracked using the National Health Insurance Service claims data. Results: Among 10,818 patients with AIS (male, 59%; mean age, 68±13 years), 947 (8.8%) experienced 1,224 episodes of major GIB over a median follow-up duration of 3.1 years. Remarkably, 20% of 947 patients experienced multiple episodes of major GIB. The incidence peaked in the first month after AIS, reaching 19.2 per 100 person-years, and gradually decreased to approximately one-sixth of this rate by the 2nd year with subsequent stabilization. Multivariable analysis identified the following predictors of major GIB: anemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 , and a 3-month modified Rankin Scale score of ≥4. Conclusion Patients with AIS are susceptible to major GIB, particularly in the first month after the onset of AIS, with the risk decreasing thereafter. Implementing preventive strategies may be important, especially for patients with anemia and impaired renal function at stroke onset and those with a disabling stroke.