Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between self-reported sleep and cognitive function in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to understand potential implications for Alzheimer’s disease prevention. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 80 patients with MCI and 70 controls. Participants completed standardized questionnaires to assess self-reported sleep quality (Korean version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI-K]), daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]), and insomnia severity (Insomnia Severity Index [ISI]). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Seoul Neuropsychological Test and the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination. The Korea Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale was used to assess instrumental activities of daily living. Correlation analyses examined the relationship between sleep-related parameters and cognitive function. Results: The results indicated no significant differences in PSQI-K and ESS scores between patients with MCI and the control group. Correlation analyses revealed that poorer sleep quality was associated with reduced frontal and executive functions in patients with MCI, particularly in tests such as Controlled Oral Word Association Test (supermarket, -0.311, p<0.001) and Trail Making Test (TMT) B (0.232, p<0.001). Additionally, daytime dysfunction was associated with poorer cognitive performance across language and executive domains (e.g., Korean Boston Naming Test: -0.290, p<0.001; TMTA: 0.248, p<0.001). In both groups, ISI scores were linked to cognitive functions, particularly in attention, phonemic fluency, and executive function (e.g., digit span, backward: -0.225, p<0.01; TMTA: 0.327, p<0.01). Conclusions These findings suggest that sleep disturbances significantly impact cognitive function and daily living abilities in patients with MCI.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between self-reported sleep and cognitive function in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to understand potential implications for Alzheimer’s disease prevention. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 80 patients with MCI and 70 controls. Participants completed standardized questionnaires to assess self-reported sleep quality (Korean version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI-K]), daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]), and insomnia severity (Insomnia Severity Index [ISI]). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Seoul Neuropsychological Test and the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination. The Korea Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale was used to assess instrumental activities of daily living. Correlation analyses examined the relationship between sleep-related parameters and cognitive function. Results: The results indicated no significant differences in PSQI-K and ESS scores between patients with MCI and the control group. Correlation analyses revealed that poorer sleep quality was associated with reduced frontal and executive functions in patients with MCI, particularly in tests such as Controlled Oral Word Association Test (supermarket, -0.311, p<0.001) and Trail Making Test (TMT) B (0.232, p<0.001). Additionally, daytime dysfunction was associated with poorer cognitive performance across language and executive domains (e.g., Korean Boston Naming Test: -0.290, p<0.001; TMTA: 0.248, p<0.001). In both groups, ISI scores were linked to cognitive functions, particularly in attention, phonemic fluency, and executive function (e.g., digit span, backward: -0.225, p<0.01; TMTA: 0.327, p<0.01). Conclusions These findings suggest that sleep disturbances significantly impact cognitive function and daily living abilities in patients with MCI.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between self-reported sleep and cognitive function in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to understand potential implications for Alzheimer’s disease prevention. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 80 patients with MCI and 70 controls. Participants completed standardized questionnaires to assess self-reported sleep quality (Korean version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI-K]), daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]), and insomnia severity (Insomnia Severity Index [ISI]). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Seoul Neuropsychological Test and the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination. The Korea Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale was used to assess instrumental activities of daily living. Correlation analyses examined the relationship between sleep-related parameters and cognitive function. Results: The results indicated no significant differences in PSQI-K and ESS scores between patients with MCI and the control group. Correlation analyses revealed that poorer sleep quality was associated with reduced frontal and executive functions in patients with MCI, particularly in tests such as Controlled Oral Word Association Test (supermarket, -0.311, p<0.001) and Trail Making Test (TMT) B (0.232, p<0.001). Additionally, daytime dysfunction was associated with poorer cognitive performance across language and executive domains (e.g., Korean Boston Naming Test: -0.290, p<0.001; TMTA: 0.248, p<0.001). In both groups, ISI scores were linked to cognitive functions, particularly in attention, phonemic fluency, and executive function (e.g., digit span, backward: -0.225, p<0.01; TMTA: 0.327, p<0.01). Conclusions These findings suggest that sleep disturbances significantly impact cognitive function and daily living abilities in patients with MCI.

OBJECTIVES: Smoke-free areas have expanded and related campaigns have been implemented since 1995 in Korea. As a result, household secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure has decreased over the past 15 years. We assessed the cohort effect, the effect of a 2008 campaign on household SHS exposure, and the impact of a complete smoking ban in public places along with increased penalties, as implemented in December 2011. METHODS: Nationally representative cross-sectional 15-wave survey data of Korean adolescents were used. The 810,516 participants were classified into 6 grade groups, 15 period groups, and 20 middle school admission cohorts. An age-period-cohort analysis, conducted with the intrinsic estimator method, was used to assess the cohort effect of household SHS exposure, and interrupted-time series analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of the smoke-free policy and the campaign. RESULTS: For cohorts who entered middle school from 2002 to 2008, the risk of household SHS exposure decreased among both boys and girls. Immediately after implementation of the smoke-free policy, the prevalence of household SHS exposure by period decreased significantly for boys (coefficient, -8.96; p<0.05) and non-significantly for girls (coefficient, -6.99; p=0.07). After the campaign, there was a significant decrease in household SHS exposure by cohort among boys, both immediately and post-intervention (coefficient, -4.84; p=0.03; coefficient, -1.22; p=0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A school-admission-cohort effect was found on household SHS exposure among adolescents, which was associated with the smoke-free policy and the campaign. Anti-smoking interventions should be implemented consistently and simultaneously.

While mechanical thrombectomy is known to be effective for distal medium vessel occlusion (DMVO) as well as large vessel occlusion, tortuous DMVO are predisposed to vessel injury during stent retriever thrombectomy. Furthermore, getting access to the thrombus may be difficult during suction thrombectomy using a dedicated suction catheter. Most studies describe DMVO treatment using stent retrievers and dedicated suction catheters, but there are limited studies reporting DMVO treated with suction thrombectomy using a microcatheter. Herein, we describe three cases of DMVO treated with suction thrombectomy that was performed using a microcatheter and subsequently showed good results. Therefore, suction thrombectomy using a microcatheter is a viable alternative treatment for tortuous DMVO.

Background: Chronotype refers to individual variations in diurnal preferences that manifest as everyday behaviors, including sleep patterns. Traditionally, the Horne & Östberg Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), which comprises of 19 items, has been the standard for determining chronotype. However, its length makes it cumbersome for widespread application. To address this issue, the reduced MEQ (rMEQ), a concise version containing only five items from the MEQ, was developed for a more practical approach to chronotype assessment. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of Korean version of rMEQ in a sample from the general Korean population. Methods: The Korean version of the rMEQ comprises of items 1, 7, 10, 18, and 19 of the original MEQ. The validity of the rMEQ was assessed by correlating its scores with those of the MEQ and Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). Its reliability was determined by calculating internal consistency. Results: A total of 3,030 individuals participated in the study, yielding an average rMEQ score of 14.0 ± 3.4. There was a substantial positive correlation between the rMEQ and MEQ scores (r = 0.859, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the rMEQ scores were significantly negatively correlated with the midpoint of sleep on free days corrected for sleep debt as measured by the MCTQ (r = −0.388, P < 0.001), indicating a robust association with chronotype. The internal consistency of rMEQ, measured using Cronbach’s alpha, was 0.609. Conclusion This study finds the Korean version of the rMEQ to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing chronotype in the general population.

beyond physiological levels can lead to vertical dimension loss, occlusal imbalance, temporomandibular joint disorders, and periodontal disease. In such cases, prosthodontic restoration becomes necessary emphasizing the importance of appropriate vertical dimension increase and stable occlusion in central relation (CR).In this case, a 74-year-old patient with clenching and grinding habit had severe teeth wear and after assessing interocclusal distance, wear degree, pronunciation, and facial profile, it was decided to perform full-mouth fixed prosthesis restoration with a 4 mm vertical dimension increase. And the significantly displaced Maximum Intercuspal Position (MICP) caused by parafunctional movements was re-established as a stable mutually protective occlusal relationship at centric relation and after a successful 4 months adaptation to provisional restorations, the final prosthesis was fabricated. During 4months of observation periods, stable occlusion in central relation and mutual protection occlusal relationships were maintained and the patient was satisfied with function and aesthetics, leading to this report.