OBJECTIVE: To develop and test the health education knowledge assessment questionnaire for gout and to investigate the understanding degree of health education knowledge in patients with gout. METHODS: From June 2019 to June 2019, 150 cases of gout patients were enrolled.According to the literature review and the healthy education requirements of gout patients, the framework of education knowledge system was preliminarily formed.The pre-test questionnaire was obtained through two rounds of he Delphi technique.A survey of 150 patients with gout was carried out.The analysis and selection of the questionnaire were based on the coefficient of variation, the analysis of determination value, the correlation coefficient of the items and the total scores, and the exploratory factor analysis.In this study, we evaluated the reliability of internal consistency, semi-reliability.Validity test mainly included content validity and construct validity.In addition, a total of 150 patients with gout in our hospital and outpatient gout were selected to investigate the understanding degree of health education knowledge from June 2019 to December 2019. RESULTS: The significance of the first level index of the questionnaire was 3.83-5.00, the secondary index was 3.00-4.83, and the variation coefficient of each item was 0.31-1.23, and the critical ratio(CR) value of each item in this questionnaire was 3.168-8.333.The Pearson correlation coefficient of each item and the total score of this study was 0.319-0.544.After exploratory factor analysis, some topics were deleted in four dimensions, and there were 16 entries in the final questionnaire.Cronbach' s α coefficient of this questionnaire was 0.715, split-half reliability Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.785, and retest reliability coefficient was 0.729. The correlation coefficient between each factor of this questionnaire and the total questionnaire was 0.300-0.701, and the correlation coefficient between each item of the questionnaire and each factor was 0.402-0.732, all P < 0.05. The results were statistically significant. By questionnaire investigation, the total score of questionnaire was (6.85±3.22), the score of disease-related knowledge was (2.03±1.24), the score of dietary guidance was (1.53± 1.06), the score of exercise guidance was (2.19±1.24), the score of medication guide was (1.24±1.22). CONCLUSION The Health Education Knowledge Assessment Questionnaire For Gout has a good reliability and validity for measuring related content, the compilation process is scientific and the content is comprehensive, which can be further applied in clinic.The understanding degree of health education knowledge is low in Chinese patients with gout, and knowledge of gout medicine is lacking especially.
Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Gout/diagnosis* ; Health Education ; Humans ; Psychometrics/methods* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact in healthcare systems across the world, with many hospitals having to come up with protocols and measures to contain the spread of the virus. This affects various specialties' clinical practices in many ways. Since early 2020 in Singapore, the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Tan Tock Seng Hospital had to rapidly adapt to this pandemic as we provided services to the main healthcare facility combating the virus in our country. We had to design new workflows and also remain flexible in view of the ever-changing situation. There are 6 important domains for an otolaryngology department or any clinical department in general to consider when making adjustments to their practices in an outbreak: (1) clinical work, (2) education, (3) research, (4) safety of patients and staff, (5) morale of medical staff and (6) pandemic frontline work. We hope that the sharing of our experiences and the lessons learnt will be useful for both our local and international colleagues.
Ambulatory Care ; Biomedical Research ; COVID-19/prevention & control* ; Delivery of Health Care/methods* ; Education, Medical ; Elective Surgical Procedures ; Health Workforce ; Humans ; Morale ; Otolaryngology/methods* ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; Personal Protective Equipment ; Personnel Staffing and Scheduling ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Singapore/epidemiology* ; Workflow

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to estimate the mediating effect of subjective unmet healthcare needs on poor health. The mediating effect of unmet needs on health outcomes was estimated. METHODS: Cross-sectional research method was used to analyze Korea Health Panel data from 2011 to 2015, investigating the mediating effect for each annual dataset and lagged dependent variables. RESULTS: The magnitude of the effect of low income on poor health and the mediating effect of unmet needs were estimated using age, sex, education level, employment status, healthcare insurance status, disability, and chronic disease as control variables and self-rated health as the dependent variable. The mediating effect of unmet needs due to financial reasons was between 14.7% to 32.9% of the total marginal effect, and 7.2% to 18.7% in lagged model. CONCLUSIONS: The fixed-effect logit model demonstrated that the existence of unmet needs raised the likelihood of poor self-rated health. However, only a small proportion of the effects of low income on health was mediated by unmet needs, and the results varied annually. Further studies are necessary to search for ways to explain the varying results in the Korea Health Panel data, as well as to consider a time series analysis of the mediating effect. The results of this study present the clear implication that even though it is crucial to address the unmet needs, but it is not enough to tackle the income related health inequalities.
Chronic Disease ; Dataset ; Delivery of Health Care ; Education ; Employment ; Healthcare Disparities ; Insurance Coverage ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Methods ; Needs Assessment ; Negotiating ; Socioeconomic Factors

PURPOSE: This study aimed to seek agreement on the core components of an e-learning cultural competence program for Korean public health workers (PHWs) while prioritizing educational content areas. METHODS: A two-round Delphi study was performed with 16 Korean experts from five disciplines. Data were collected between August 30 and November 24, 2017. A questionnaire was developed from literature reviews and previous focus group interviews concerning PHWs. The panel members were asked to rate the importance and urgency of educational content areas and the effectiveness of teaching–learning methods and gave opinions on their appropriate frequency, duration, and target audience. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A median of 4.0 or greater or a rate of agreement of 75% or greater was considered a “consensus” for the purposes of this study. RESULTS: All consenting participants responded to two-round surveys. Participants reached consensus on thirty-one educational content areas. Of these, the highest priorities were “necessity of cultural competence of PHWs,” “health characteristics according to race and ethnicity,” and “establishing trusting relationships with migrants.” The most effective teaching–learning method was case-based learning, with seven to eight sessions of training and duration of fewer than 30 minutes per session. CONCLUSION: Multidisciplinary experts proposed 12 prioritized educational content areas and effective teaching–learning methods as well as their frequency, duration, and target audiences, reflecting Korea-specific multicultural phenomena and the nature of the work of PHWs. These findings can contribute to preparing PHWs to provide culturally competent services to migrants in their communities.
Consensus ; Continental Population Groups ; Cultural Competency ; Delphi Technique ; Education ; Focus Groups ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Korea ; Learning ; Methods ; Public Health ; Transients and Migrants

BACKGROUND: Sleep disorder is a precursor to depression, which is one of the psychological factors associated with periodontal disease that, in turn, affects general and periodontal health. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep duration, depression, and periodontitis in older people aged over 65 years. METHODS: A total of 2,002 older adults aged 65 years or older were included in the study. Their general and health aspects, including smoking, drinking, diabetes, hypertension, and depression, were investigated. Periodontitis was examined using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Data were analyzed through a complex sampling design method. Frequency and crossover analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between depression and periodontitis. To investigate the effect of depression on periodontitis, a logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: Regarding depression and participants' general characteristics, statistically significant differences were found in sex, economic activity, smoking habit, and CPI (p<0.05). In the presence of depression, the odds ratio for periodontitis was 1.84, and the adjusted odds ratio for age, sex, economic activity, residence type, household income, education level, smoking habit, drinking, hypertension, and diabetes was 1.72, representing a significant difference (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study examined the relationship between depression and periodontitis in older persons and confirmed a significant correlation. As the population of older adults increases, we should pay attention to their mental and oral health as well as systemic diseases. Various programs for the health promotion of older persons need to be implemented to improve the quality of life of older people.
Adult ; Depression ; Drinking ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Logistic Models ; Methods ; Odds Ratio ; Oral Health ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontal Index ; Periodontitis ; Psychology ; Quality of Life ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; Smoke ; Smoking

PURPOSE: With the ever-changing cultural makeup of society, the ability to deliver culturally appropriate healthcare is essential. An educational method aimed at increasing cultural knowledge and sensitivity in the education of healthcare professionals is cultural immersion, which creates opportunities for transformational learning through direct interactions with culturally diverse populations. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the qualitative effects of cultural immersion experiences on graduate-level healthcare professional students. METHODS: A search of the CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) and ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) databases was performed, utilizing search terms including cultural immersion, cultural sensitivity, educational outcomes, and healthcare professionals. The search was limited to publications within the last 10 years. The articles were screened according to title, abstract, and full-text following the application of inclusion/exclusion criteria. Themes identified within each article were collected and categorized, using a qualitative methodology, into 5 overarching domains to assess the educational experiences. Studies were scored for quality using the qualitative portion of the McGill Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool–2011. RESULTS: Nine studies incorporating a total of 94 participants with experiences in 14 culturally diverse environments revealing 47 individually identified themes were included in the review. The results indicated that all cultural immersion experiences stimulated increased cultural awareness and sensitivity. CONCLUSION: Cultural immersion experiences produced a positive, multi-domain effect on cultural learning in students of the health professions. The results of this review provide support for implementing cultural immersion experiences into the education of healthcare professionals with the goal of increasing cultural sensitivity.
Delivery of Health Care ; Education ; Health Occupations ; Humans ; Immersion ; Learning ; Methods ; Nursing

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to develop and test effects of flipped learning on a health education program for allergic rhinitis patients. METHODS: The study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design, with 38 participants (experimental group: 19, control group: 19). The education program for allergic rhinitis patients with flipped learning developed for this study was conducted in pre-class, in-class, and post-class stages for a total of 12 weeks. For the in-class stage, a TREAT model suitable for patient education program was developed. Data were analyzed with an independent t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: The experimental group showed significant improvement in knowledge (F=15.029, p<.001), self-efficacy (F=6.814, p<.001) and self-care behavior (F=41.761, p<.001). In addition, subjective symptoms (F=61.453, p<.001) and quality of life (F=52.413, p<.001) improved. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that flipped learning in an education program is an effective method for those in their twenties persistent moderate-severe allergic rhinitis. Therefore, the education program for allergic rhinitis developed by this study is actively recommended for nurses or health managers at universities to educate subjects in their twenties with allergic rhinitis.
Education ; Health Education ; Humans ; Learning ; Methods ; Patient Education as Topic ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Self Care

OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the relationship between risky health behaviors, occurrence of oral symptoms, and oral health-related behaviors. METHODS: The subjects were 60,040 adolescents selected from the web-based survey from the 2018 Korean Youth Health Behavior of Korean Center for Disease Control. The data were analyzed using a combined sample analysis method. The software SPSS version 12.0 was used to conduct the analyses. RESULTS: 1. Men were observed to partake in risky health behavior at significantly higher rates than were women in terms of smoking, drinking, drugs, and sexual intercourse. Our data showed the percentages of men taking part in these behaviors to be 21.1%, 46.4%, 1.3%, and 7.6%, respectively (P<0.01). 2. Of all subjects, 49.1% brushed their teeth more than three times a day, and 43.6% brushed more than twice a day. Further, a significantly higher number of men (46.0%) did not brush their teeth after lunch compared with women (29.1%) (P<0.01). 3. Of all subjects, 52.9% had developed oral symptoms in the previous year. The rate of women experiencing oral symptoms was significantly higher, at 58.1%, compared with men (48.1%, P<0.01). 4. Risky health behavior, such as smoking, drinking, drugs, and sexual intercourse, was significantly associated with occurrence of oral symptoms (P<0.01). Those that had not partaken in smoking, drinking, and sexual intercourse were significantly lower by 0.73, 0.87, and 0.89 times, respectively, compared with those that responded with “yes” (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We have evaluated the rates of risky health and oral health-related behavior in Korean youth and identify their association with the oral symptoms. It is essential to understand the risks of oral diseases so that appropriate oral health education can be provided to adolescents for promoting behavioral changes.
Adolescent ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Coitus ; Drinking ; Education ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Korea ; Lunch ; Male ; Methods ; Oral Health ; Risk-Taking ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tooth

Major improvements in health care have allowed people in the modern era to lead longer, healthier, and more active lives. The current generation of over-60s are more active than previous generations at the same age. In South Korea, the elderly population (65 years of age or older) has grown to more than 14% of the general population, meaning that we are already in the era of an ‘aged society’ and are transitioning into a super-aged society. Therefore, health issues in the elderly population cannot be ignored, and should be adequately addressed as soon as possible. Sexual health has become an important issue in the elderly that cannot be neglected, according to studies on sexual attitudes and behavior in older adults. As the quality of health improves in the elderly population, requests for proper sexual education and sexual health-related services have become more common. This pattern of increased sexual activity, partially driven by pharmacological advances in the treatment of sexual dysfunction and hormonal replacement products, has also led to increases in drug use and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Responses to sexual health and education issues for the elderly currently remain ill-structured, as the significance of these issues is often ignored, largely due to incorrect assumptions about sexuality and sexual health among the elderly. Stronger requirements should be implemented for properly structured education and management systems regarding awareness, risk perception, and preventive strategies for safe sex among the elderly population in Korea.
Adult ; Aged ; Delivery of Health Care ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Korea ; Methods ; Reproductive Health ; Safe Sex ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexuality ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

PURPOSE: The purpose of this mixed-method study was to identify the demand for mental health nursing education and work of nurses at a private psychiatric hospital.METHODS: The survey of demand for mental nursing education was conducted by including 231 nurses at a private psychiatric hospital from November to December, 2017. Qualitative research by two focus groups was conducted from October to November, 2018.RESULTS: The mean of mental health nursing education demands according to major category were the therapeutic environment (4.27±0.76), substancerelated and addictive disorders (4.18±0.68), therapeutic relationship and communication (4.17±0.64), respect for human (4.11±0.74), and neurocognitive disorders (4.07±0.74). The qualitative research participants’ demands for mental health nursing education were classified into five categories: ‘discrimination power’, ‘communication techniques’, ‘psychiatric drugs’, ‘coping method’, and ‘legal issues’.CONCLUSION: Nurses with less psychiatric careers have strong need to learn a therapeutic environment and alcoholism, and nurses with more experience in psychiatry have education of humanities. Nurses at private psychiatric hospitals have high demand for continous education of updated mental nursing to expand their extensive experience required for becoming more professional nurses in future.
Alcoholism ; Education ; Education, Nursing ; Focus Groups ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humanities ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Methods ; Neurocognitive Disorders ; Nursing ; Psychiatric Nursing ; Qualitative Research