Immobilized enzyme-based enzyme electrode biosensors, characterized by high sensitivity and efficiency, strong specificity, and compact size, demonstrate broad application prospects in life science research, disease diagnosis and monitoring, etc. Immobilization of enzyme is a critical step in determining the performance (stability, sensitivity, and reproducibility) of the biosensors. Random immobilization (physical adsorption, covalent cross-linking, etc.) can easily bring about problems, such as decreased enzyme activity and relatively unstable immobilization. Whereas, directional immobilization utilizing amino acid residue mutation, affinity peptide fusion, or nucleotide-specific binding to restrict the orientation of the enzymes provides new possibilities to solve the problems caused by random immobilization. In this paper, the principles, advantages and disadvantages and the application progress of enzyme electrode biosensors of different directional immobilization strategies for enzyme molecular sensing elements by specific amino acids (lysine, histidine, cysteine, unnatural amino acid) with functional groups introduced based on site-specific mutation, affinity peptides (gold binding peptides, carbon binding peptides, carbohydrate binding domains) fused through genetic engineering, and specific binding between nucleotides and target enzymes (proteins) were reviewed, and the application fields, advantages and limitations of various immobilized enzyme interface characterization techniques were discussed, hoping to provide theoretical and technical guidance for the creation of high-performance enzyme sensing elements and the manufacture of enzyme electrode sensors.

Pulmonary electrical impedance tomography (EIT), a noninvasive, continuous, dynamic, and radiation-free bedside imaging technique for monitoring pulmonary ventilation, is now widely utilized in the diagnosis and management of critically ill patients. Beyond ventilation monitoring, hypertonic saline contrast-enhanced EIT for bedside pulmonary perfusion assessment has recently garnered significant attention. This article describes the application of hypertonic saline contrast-enhanced EIT to evaluate pulmonary perfusion in two patients following pulmonary endarterectomy, providing a reference for its perioperative application in such patients.

The Chinese Pharmacopoeia is the legal technical standard which should be followed during the research, production, use, and administration of drugs. At present, the new edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia is planned to be promulgated and implemented. This article summarizes and analyzes the main characteristics and the content of updates and amendments of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition(Volume Ⅰ), to provide a reference for the correct understanding and accurate implementation the new edition of the pharmacopoeia.

Jasmonic acid (JA), a plant endogenously synthesized lipid hormone, plays an important role in response to stress. This manuscript summarized the biosynthesis and metabolism of JA and its related regulatory mechanisms, as well as the signal transduction of JA. The mechanism and regulatory network of JA in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses were systematically reviewed, with the latest advances highlighted. In addition, this review summarized the signal crosstalk between JA and other hormones in regulating plant resistance to various stresses. Finally, the problems to be solved in the study of plant stress resistance mediated by JA were discussed, and the application of new molecular biological technologies in regulating JA signaling to enhance crop resistance was prospected, with the aim to facilitate future research and application of plant stress resistance.
Signal Transduction ; Cyclopentanes ; Oxylipins ; Plant Growth Regulators

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) have been widely used in regenerative medicine, but there is limited research on the stability of UC-MSCs formulation during production. This study aims to assess the stability of the cell stock solution and intermediate product throughout the production process, as well as the final product following reconstitution, in order to offer guidance for the manufacturing process and serve as a reference for formulation reconstitution methods. Three batches of cell formulation were produced and stored under low temperature (2-8 ℃) and room temperature (20-26 ℃) during cell stock solution and intermediate product stages. The storage time intervals for cell stock solution were 0, 2, 4, and 6 h, while for intermediate products, the intervals were 0, 1, 2, and 3 h. The evaluation items included visual inspection, viable cell concentration, cell viability, cell surface markers, lymphocyte proliferation inhibition rate, and sterility. Additionally, dilution and culture stability studies were performed after reconstitution of the cell product. The reconstitution diluents included 0.9% sodium chloride injection, 0.9% sodium chloride injection + 1% human serum albumin, and 0.9% sodium chloride injection + 2% human serum albumin, with dilution ratios of 10-fold and 40-fold. The storage time intervals after dilution were 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h. The reconstitution culture media included DMEM medium, DMEM + 2% platelet lysate, 0.9% sodium chloride injection, and 0.9% sodium chloride injection + 1% human serum albumin, and the culture duration was 24 h. The evaluation items were viable cell concentration and cell viability. The results showed that the cell stock solution remained stable for up to 6 h under both low temperature (2-8 ℃) and room temperature (20-26 ℃) conditions, while the intermediate product remained stable for up to 3 h under the same conditions. After formulation reconstitution, using sodium chloride injection diluted with 1% or 2% human serum albumin maintained a viability of over 80% within 4 h. It was observed that different dilution factors had an impact on cell viability. After formulation reconstitution, cultivation in medium with 2% platelet lysate resulted in a cell viability of over 80% after 24 h. In conclusion, the stability of cell stock solution within 6 h and intermediate product within 3 h meets the requirements. The addition of 1% or 2% human serum albumin in the reconstitution diluent can better protect the post-reconstitution cell viability.

Objective To design a multi-functional infusion stand for field use to replace the traditional infusion support in field conditions.Methods The infusion stand was composed of a base,a support rod,liquid hooks and fixing straps.The stand base consisted of four retractable legs with four fixing nails at the bottom of the leg ends.The support rod was divided into four sections,and was mounted on top of the base,the four liquid hooks were installed on the hook disks of the 3rd sections of support rods.The four fixing straps were made of Velcro material and positioned on the stand legs,support rods and liquid hooks.Results The multi-functional infusion stand proved to have the advantages in deployment and withdrawal time,adaptability to transport tools and environments,low size and high mobility.Conclusion The infusion stand developed gains advantages in high practicality,mobility and convenience,and can meet complicated requirements for infusion in field conditions.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(1):115-117]

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD)is one of the common complications in the perioperative period,and it has a high incidence in elderly patients,and the large production of neuroinflammatory factors under surgical stimulation is the main cause of postoperative POCD.As an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine of γ-aminobutyric acid receptor agonist,remimazolam can play a sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic role in clinical practice,and can reduce inflammatory factors in the central nervous system and improve postoperative cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting neuroinflammatory response and oxidative stress.This article reviews the protective effect and mechanism of remimazolam on postoperative cognitive function,so as to provide a basis for the clinical use of remimazolam.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients′suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.

Lung cancer is the leading type of cancer death, and most patients with lung cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage and have a very poor prognosis. Although low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has entered the clinic as a screening tool for lung cancer, its false-positive rate is more than 90%. As one of the epigenetic modifications of research hotspots, DNA methylation plays a key role in a variety of diseases, including cancer.Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes and hypomethylation of proto-oncogenes are important events in tumorigenesis and development. Therefore, DNA methylation analysis can provide some useful information for the early screening, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of lung cancer. Although invasive methods such as tissue biopsy remain the gold standard for tumor diagnosis and monitoring, they also have limitations such as inconvenience in sampling. In recent years, there has been a rapid development of liquid biopsy, which can detect primary or metastatic malignancies and reflect the heterogeneity of tumors. In addition, the blood sample can be collected in a minimally invasive or non-invasive format and is well tolerated in older and frail patients. This article explores some of the emerging technologies for DNA methylation analysis and provides an overview of the application of DNA methylation in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.

[Objective]To explore the efficacy of Solifenacin in the treatment of children with idiopathic overactive bladder(OAB).[Methods]The study included 67 children with idiopathic OAB treated in the urology clinic of our hospital from March 2022 to March 2023.After at least 2-week-long behavioral therapy showed no significant therapeutic effect,52 of the cases in the trial group were given oral Solifenacin 5 mg once daily and the other 15 cases in the control group con-tinued the behavioral therapy.The cases in trial group were subdivided into OAB-dry group(27 cases without urinary in-continence)and OAB-wet group(25 cases with urinary incontinence).The 3-day micturition diary,OAB Symptom Scores(OABSS)and the adverse reactions were recorded and analyzed before,at Weeks 2,4,8 and 12 after the treat-ment.[Results]Of all the 67 cases who completed a 3-month follow-up,44 were cured including 41 in the trial group and 3 in the control group,4 presented with adverse reactions.After the 3-month follow-up,the OABSS declined markedly in trial group than in control group(Z=4.524,P<0.001);the cure rates in trial group and control group are 78.8%and 20%respectively,with significant difference(χ2=15.367,P<0.001).At each follow-up,we found increased mean voided vol-ume(F=9.707,P<0.001),reduced mean voiding frequency during daytime(F=3.837,P=0.009)and decreased voiding urgency(χ2=482.835,P<0.001).After the 3-month follow-up,the cure rates in OAB-dry group and OAB-wet group are 81.5%and 76%respectively,with no significant difference(χ2=0.234,P=0.629).[Conclusions]In children with idiopath-ic OAB,oral Solifenacin 5 mg once daily could significantly increase mean voided volume,reduce mean voiding frequency during daytime,relieve symptoms of urinary urgency and lead to fewer adverse reactions,but is not significantly effective for the treatment of urinary incontinence in OAB-wet children.