Objective To explore the features of frontotemporal lobes'resting-state functional connectivity(rsFC)in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders(ASD)based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)and to explore the possible neurological markers for early identification of ASD.Methods Sixty-three preschool ASD children and 72 typical development(TD)children were enrolled.Selected bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC),bilateral premotor cortex(PMC),and bilateral temporal lobe(TL)cortex as the regions of interest(ROI).Changes of Oxyhemoglobin in the 6 ROIs in resting-state were measured by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Compared the frontotemporal rsFC strength and calculate the laterality index(LI)between two groups.Results Compared with the TD group,rsFC strength was significantly lower in the ASD group(P<0.05),and the differences existed mainly within the left ROIs(0.21±0.11 vs.0.32±0.18),right ROIs(0.16±0.16 vs.0.30±0.14),bilateral DLPFCs(0.20±0.14 vs.0.39±0.17;0.15±0.13 vs.0.36±0.13),bilateral TLs(0.15±0.14 vs.0.28±0.17;0.14±0.15 vs.0.31±0.17),and between the 10 groups of ROIs-ROIs(including right DLPFC-left DLPFC,right DLPFC-right PMC,right DLPFC-left PMC,right DLPFC-right TL,right DLPFC-left TL,left DLPFC-right PMC,left DLPFC-left PMC,left DLPFC-right TL,left DLPFC-left TL,right TL-left TL).There were a significant differences in the rsFC's laterality index of DLPFC and whole-brain between the two groups(t=2.002,P=0.047;t=3.003,P=0.003),and the ASD group showed left-lateralized connectivity.Conclusion Frontotemporal lobe's resting-state functional connectivity is abnormal in preschool children with ASD,characterized by low short-range functional connectivity of bilateral DLPFCs and TLs,low long-range functional connectivity associated with DLPFCs,and left-lateralized connectivity.

The many-banded krait, Bungarus multicinctus, has been recorded as the animal resource of JinQianBaiHuaShe in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Characterization of its venoms classified chief phyla of modern animal neurotoxins. However, the evolutionary origin and diversification of its neurotoxins as well as biosynthesis of its active compounds remain largely unknown due to the lack of its high-quality genome. Here, we present the 1.58 Gbp genome of B. multicinctus assembled into 18 chromosomes with contig/scaffold N50 of 7.53 Mbp/149.8 Mbp. Major bungarotoxin-coding genes were clustered within genome by family and found to be associated with ancient local duplications. The truncation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor in the 3'-terminal of a LY6E paralog released modern three-finger toxins (3FTxs) from membrane tethering before the Colubroidea divergence. Subsequent expansion and mutations diversified and recruited these 3FTxs. After the cobra/krait divergence, the modern unit-B of β-bungarotoxin emerged with an extra cysteine residue. A subsequent point substitution in unit-A enabled the β-bungarotoxin covalent linkage. The B. multicinctus gene expression, chromatin topological organization, and histone modification characteristics were featured by transcriptome, proteome, chromatin conformation capture sequencing, and ChIP-seq. The results highlighted that venom production was under a sophisticated regulation. Our findings provide new insights into snake neurotoxin research, meanwhile will facilitate antivenom development, toxin-driven drug discovery and the quality control of JinQianBaiHuaShe.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of quantitative detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA from different sources [plasma, sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)] for CMV pneumonia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 405 recipients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 19 recipients diagnosed with CMV pneumonia were assigned into the CMV pneumonia group, and 229 recipients with CMV viremia alone, 11 recipients without CMV pneumonia who received fiberoptic bronchoscopy and 16 recipients diagnosed with bacterial or fungal pneumonia based on pathogenic evidence receiving sputum culture were assigned into the control A, B and C groups, respectively. The incidence of CMV pneumonia was summarized. The CMV DNA load of specimens from different sources (plasma, sputum and BALF) of recipients with CMV pneumonia was analyzed. The clinical prognosis of recipients with CMV pneumonia was evaluated. Results Among 405 recipients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 19 cases developed CMV pneumonia, and the overall incidence of CMV pneumonia was 4.7%(19/405). The CMV DNA load in the plasma, sputum and BALF of recipients with CMV pneumonia was higher than those in the control A, B and C groups (all P < 0.05). In the 19 recipients, 12 cases were cured after antiviral treatment and 7 died from treatment failure(3 cases abandoned treatment). The fatality was 37%(7/19). Conclusions Quantitative detection of CMV DNA in the plasma, sputum and BALF may increase the diagnostic rate of CMV pneumonia, thereby improving clinical prognosis of recipients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) on therapy-related leukemia (TRL).Methods:The clinical data of 14 patients with TRL who received allo-HSCT in Aerospace Central Hospital from April 2012 to February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and the therapeutic efficacy and survival status were also analyzed.Results:Of the 14 patients, 5 were males and 9 were females; the median age was 35 years old (12-59 years old). There were 12 patients with acute myeloid leukemia, 1 patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small cell lymphoma, and 1 patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. At the time of transplantation, 4 patients achieved bone marrow complete remission, 3 patients achieved bone marrow partial remission, and the remaining 7 patients had no remission. Five patients received HLA-matched sibling transplantation, 9 patients received haplotype transplantation, and they all received myeloablative pretreatment schemes. All 14 patients were successfully implanted; the median engraftment time of granulocyte was 16 d (10-24 d), and the median engraftment time of platelet was 13 d (10-34 d). Grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurred in 7 patients, chronic GVHD occurred in 6 patients, and grade Ⅲ intestinal GVHD occurred in 2 patients. The median follow-up time was 32 months (4-97 months). Among 14 patients, 5 patients died.Conclusion:The allo-HSCT can improve the prognosis and long-term survival rate of TRL patients.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia associated with 11q23/MLL.Methods:Retrospection and analysis 50 cases of acute myeloid leukemia with 11q23/MLL and who were treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)in our hospital from September 2012 to December 2019. The efficacy was evaluated by analyzing the transplantation success rate, graft-versus-host disease rate, infection rate, transplant-related mortality(TRM), accumulative recurrence rate, disease-free survival rate(DFS), and overall survival rate(OS).Results:Except for 1 patient had an unsuccessful stem cell transplantationas the result of multiple organ failure, the remaining 49 patients were successfully transplanted. The median time of leukocyte transplantation was 15(9~18)days, and the median time of platelet transplantation was 13(8~33)days. Bone marrow was assessed 28 days after transplantation, and 49 patients were in CR status. The median follow-up time was 38(3~79)months. Between remission group and non-remission group after transplantation, the 3-year OS rates were(83.3±10.8)%, (30.9+ 8.2)%( P=0.002)and the 3-year DFS rates were(83.3+ 10.8)%, (28.4±8.0)%( P=0.003), respectively. Conclusions:Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an effective method for the treatment of 11q23/MLL rearranged AML. Patients in remission before transplantation have a higher survival rate, and recurrence after transplantation is the primary problem currently faced.

Objective: Based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model theory, the structural equation model(SEM)was used to analyze the effect of using new media to carry out AIDS health education among young students. Methods: Stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 2 561 students from four colleges in Yantai to conduct a questionnaire survey, and to carry out various forms of new media AIDS health education for the intervention group. Data were analyzed with structural equation model. Results: After intervention，the awareness rate of AIDS were 85.9% and 94.0% respectively(χ2=46.67，P<0.01). The structural equation model fits well, and the fitted indices were: RMSEA=0.04, GFI=0.97, AGFI=0.96, IFI=0.97, CFI=0.98. The direct effects of new media interventions on prevention information and prevention motivation were 0.30 and 0.65 respectively. The influence of information and motivation on preventive behavior was mainly reflected through the indirect effect of behavioral skills. The overall effects of standardization were 0.09 and 0.29 respectively. The overall effect of behavioral skills on preventive behavior was 0.80, which was the main factor affecting HIV prevention behavior. Conclusion The use of new media to carry out AIDS health education among young students had a significant effect. Motivation promotion should be used as a new breakthrough point for future work, and information, motivation, and behavioral skills should be used to promote the prevention of AIDS prevention among young students.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of pretreatment regimen containing idarubicin (IDA) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for high-risk refractory leukemia. Methods A total of 116 patients with high-risk refractory leukemia who received allo-HSCT treated with 7 types of IDA-containing pretreatment regimes were enrolled in this study. The implantation rate of 116 recipients was summed up. The 2-year overall survival (OS), 2-year disease free survival (DFS), cumulative recurrence rate, recurrent mortality, transplantation related mortality (TRM), cumulative incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) were statistically analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Results All 116 recipients successfully implanted. The median follow-up time was 28 (7-70) months. Among them, 64 recipients survived, the 2-year OS was 55.2%, 2-year DFS was 51.7%, 2-year recurrent mortality was 23.3% and 2-year TRM was 18.1%. Among 116 recipients, 72 cases suffered from aGVHD. The 2-year cumulative incidence rate of aGVHD was 62.1% including 20 cases of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD, the 2-year cumulative incidence rate was 17.2%. Among 116 recipients, 59 cases presented with cGVHD. The 2-year cumulative incidence rate was 55.4%, of which the 2-year cumulative incidence rate of extensive cGVHD was 14.7%. Among 116 recipients, 30 cases recurred with a 2-year cumulative recurrence rate of 25.9%. Conclusions IDA-containingpretreatment regime has high safety and effectiveness, and can be used as an effective pretreatment regime for transplantation preprocessing in patients with high-risk refractory leukemia.

According to the pathological characteristics of symptomatic chronic thoracic and lumbar osteoporotic vertebral fracture (SCOVF), the different clinical treatment methods are selected, including vertebral augmentation, anterior-posterior fixation and fusion, posterior decompression fixation and fusion, and posterior correction osteotomy. However, there is still a lack of a unified understanding on how to choose appropriate treatment method for SCOVF. In order to reflect the new treatment concept and the evidence-based medicine progress of SCOVF in a timely manner and standardize its treatment, the clinical guideline for surgical treatment of SCOVF is formulated in compliance with the principle of scientificity, practicability and advancement and based on the level of evidence-based medicine.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in the treatment of leukemia patients also suffering from central nervous system leukemia (CNSL) . Methods: A total of 48 leukemia patients with central nervous system leukemia admitted to our hospital from May 2012 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: ① Including 22 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) , 21 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) , and 5 cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) . Before transplantation, 19 patients achieved complete remission (CR) , and the rest 29 ones without remission. ②The conditioning regimen used TBI as the main protocol, and 6 patients were combined with whole brain and total spinal cord radiotherapy, 2 with Cyber knife treatment, and children with modified IDA combined with BUCY. ③All 48 patients were successfully transplanted, the median time for leukocyte engraftment was 14 (10-23) days, the median time for platelet transplant 16 (6-78) days. ④Bone marrow was evaluated 28 days after transplantation, all 48 patients reached CR, and DNA testing confirmed that they were all full donor chimerism. ⑤The median follow-up was 14 (2-69) months. Of them, 28 cases survived, 10 relapsed and the rest 3 had recurrence of CNSL after transplantation. One year after allo-HSCT, the overall survival (OS) of CR and non-CR groups were (77.3±10.0) % and (57.6±9.3) % (P=0.409) , respectively, the disease-free survival rates (DFS) were (71.2±11.0) % and (53.9±9.5) % (P=0.386) , respectively. The 1-year OS rates of ALL and AML groups after transplantation were (54.2±10.7) %, (80.1±8.9) %, respectively (P=0.200) , and DFS rates were (49.2±10.8) %, (75.0±9.7) % (P=0.190) , respectively. Conclusion Allo-HSCT was safe and effective for leukemia patients with CNSL.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplan-tation(haplo-HSCT)treatment in children with hematological diseases.Methods Fifty-nine cases of less than 14 years old children with hematonosis were analyzed retrospectively,who were enrolled in the Aerospace Central Hospital from July 2012 to June 2016.And the evaluation was carried out by analyzing the success rate of implantation,occu-rrence rate of graft versus host disease(GVHD),infection rate and transplant related mortality(TRM),cumulative re-currence rate,overall survival rate(OS)and disease-free survival rate(DFS).Results In total of 59 cases,the 59 engraftments were successfully transplanted,the median time of leukocyte engraftment was 18(8-23)days,the median time of platelet engraftment was 21(11-68)days,the bone marrow was assessed 28 days after transplanta-tion,which showed that 59 patients achieved complete remission(CR)and DNA test confirmed complete donor chime-rism.With a median of follow-up time of 19(5-56)months,the cumulative recurrence rates ofⅠ,Ⅱgrade andⅢ,Ⅳ grade acute GVHD were(38.3 ± 6.3)%(23 cases)and(16.7 ± 4.8)%(10 cases),respectively,the chronic GVHD cumulative recurrence rate was(65.6 ± 7.5)%(30 cases),the cytomegalovirus(CMV)viremia cumulative recurrence rate was(45.1 ± 6.5)%(27 cases),the Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)viremia cumulative recurrence rate was(10.0 ± 3.9)%(6 cases),the viral cystitis cumulative recurrence rate was(20.0 ± 5.5)%(12 cases),the transplant related mortality was(12.8 ± 6.0)%,the 2-year cumulative recurrence rate of CR group was(8.0 ± 5.4)%,and that of non-remission(NR)group was(64.1 ± 11.9)%.The 2-year OS of CR group was(78.9 ± 7.5)%,the 2-year OS of NR group was(32.5 ± 12.9)%,the 2-year DFS of CR group was(79.5 ± 9.8)%,the 2 years DFS of NR group was(27.4 ± 7.9)%.Conclusions Haplo-HSCT is safe and effective in treating children with hematonosis,and haplo-HSCT has high survival rate and low recurrent,especially when transplantation is per-formed in the remission stage.But the prognosis of haplo-HSCT is poor in the refractory and relapsed patients,and to explore the preventing recurrence measures are very urgent.