Objectives: This paper provides evidence for the improvement of the local and national longterm psychiatric emergency response system by analyzing emergency response cases for psychiatric crisis intervention conducted over three years at the Jeonbuk State Mental Health Welfare Center. Methods: From August 1, 2020, to December 31, 2023, 314 cases of emergency response for psychiatric crisis intervention were analyzed. The analysis included factors such as gender, age, marital status, location, classification of psychiatric crises, referral pathways, intervention response time, counseling history, location of intervention, types of mental health issues, types of suicidal issues, psychiatric treatment history, suicide plans and attempts, outcomes of major interventions, levels of depression, alcohol consumption, and suicidal behavior. Results: The emergency response for psychiatric crisis intervention had a higher proportion of suicide counseling compared to general mental health emergencies, and most cases were referred through administrative agencies such as the police and fire department. The majority of intervention targets were first-time counselees, classified as high-risk individuals because of depression, alcohol consumption, and suicidal behavior, and either discontinued or were maintaining medication treatment. Conclusion This study illustrated the major role of emergency response in psychiatric crisis intervention and the need for strengthening networks with police, fire departments, and relevant agencies, and improving the treatment of care staff and public awareness. In addition, this study provides evidence for predicting risk factors and offering preventive and preemptive measures.

Objectives: This paper provides evidence for the improvement of the local and national longterm psychiatric emergency response system by analyzing emergency response cases for psychiatric crisis intervention conducted over three years at the Jeonbuk State Mental Health Welfare Center. Methods: From August 1, 2020, to December 31, 2023, 314 cases of emergency response for psychiatric crisis intervention were analyzed. The analysis included factors such as gender, age, marital status, location, classification of psychiatric crises, referral pathways, intervention response time, counseling history, location of intervention, types of mental health issues, types of suicidal issues, psychiatric treatment history, suicide plans and attempts, outcomes of major interventions, levels of depression, alcohol consumption, and suicidal behavior. Results: The emergency response for psychiatric crisis intervention had a higher proportion of suicide counseling compared to general mental health emergencies, and most cases were referred through administrative agencies such as the police and fire department. The majority of intervention targets were first-time counselees, classified as high-risk individuals because of depression, alcohol consumption, and suicidal behavior, and either discontinued or were maintaining medication treatment. Conclusion This study illustrated the major role of emergency response in psychiatric crisis intervention and the need for strengthening networks with police, fire departments, and relevant agencies, and improving the treatment of care staff and public awareness. In addition, this study provides evidence for predicting risk factors and offering preventive and preemptive measures.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the erosive potential of powdered vitamin C on the bovine enamel tooth surface. Methods: The experiment included five groups: Lemona, Vitagran, Korea Eundan, Coca-Cola (positive controls), and artificialsaliva (negative controls). The pH and titratable acidity were measured. Bovine enamel specimens were immersed in the experimental solutions for 15 minutes each day for 7 days. The surface microhardness was measured using the Vickers hardness number before immersion and on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days. The surfaces of the bovine enamel specimens were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The pH of the experimental groups was as follows: Lemona (2.04±0.04) had the lowest pH, followed by Vitagran(2.56±0.01), the positive control group Coca-Cola (2.60±0.03), Korea Eundan (3.14±0.02), and the negative control group artificial saliva (7.06±0.05). Surface microhardness decreased significantly during the immersion period (p＜0.001). The largest surface microhardness reduction value was shown in Lemona (–201.22±20.60), followed by Vitagran (–190.02±14.73), Korea Eundan (–189.27±27.14), Coca-Cola (–99.28±17.21), artificial saliva (–10.99±9.94). According to the SEM findings, the experimental and positive control groups exhibited rough surfaces with micropores, whereas the negative control group exhibited smooth surfaces before specimen immersion. Conclusion Consuming powdered vitamin C at a low pH may degrade the enamel surface. To reduce the erosive effect, it isrecommended to rinse the mouth with water and brush the teeth after an hour.

In the 2023 series, we summarized the major clinical research advances in gynecologic oncology based on communications at the conference of Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology Review Course. The review consisted of 1) Endometrial cancer: immune checkpoint inhibitor, antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), selective inhibitor of nuclear export, CDK4/6 inhibitors WEE1 inhibitor, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. 2) Cervical cancer: surgery in low-risk early-stage cervical cancer, therapy for locally advanced stage and advanced, metastatic, or recurrent setting; and 3) Ovarian cancer: immunotherapy, triplet therapies using immune checkpoint inhibitors along with antiangiogenic agents and PARP inhibitors, and ADCs. In 2023, the field of endometrial cancer treatment witnessed a landmark year, marked by several practice-changing outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitors and the reliable efficacy of PARP inhibitors and ADCs.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the erosive potential of powdered vitamin C on the bovine enamel tooth surface. Methods: The experiment included five groups: Lemona, Vitagran, Korea Eundan, Coca-Cola (positive controls), and artificialsaliva (negative controls). The pH and titratable acidity were measured. Bovine enamel specimens were immersed in the experimental solutions for 15 minutes each day for 7 days. The surface microhardness was measured using the Vickers hardness number before immersion and on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days. The surfaces of the bovine enamel specimens were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The pH of the experimental groups was as follows: Lemona (2.04±0.04) had the lowest pH, followed by Vitagran(2.56±0.01), the positive control group Coca-Cola (2.60±0.03), Korea Eundan (3.14±0.02), and the negative control group artificial saliva (7.06±0.05). Surface microhardness decreased significantly during the immersion period (p＜0.001). The largest surface microhardness reduction value was shown in Lemona (–201.22±20.60), followed by Vitagran (–190.02±14.73), Korea Eundan (–189.27±27.14), Coca-Cola (–99.28±17.21), artificial saliva (–10.99±9.94). According to the SEM findings, the experimental and positive control groups exhibited rough surfaces with micropores, whereas the negative control group exhibited smooth surfaces before specimen immersion. Conclusion Consuming powdered vitamin C at a low pH may degrade the enamel surface. To reduce the erosive effect, it isrecommended to rinse the mouth with water and brush the teeth after an hour.

In the 2023 series, we summarized the major clinical research advances in gynecologic oncology based on communications at the conference of Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology Review Course. The review consisted of 1) Endometrial cancer: immune checkpoint inhibitor, antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), selective inhibitor of nuclear export, CDK4/6 inhibitors WEE1 inhibitor, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. 2) Cervical cancer: surgery in low-risk early-stage cervical cancer, therapy for locally advanced stage and advanced, metastatic, or recurrent setting; and 3) Ovarian cancer: immunotherapy, triplet therapies using immune checkpoint inhibitors along with antiangiogenic agents and PARP inhibitors, and ADCs. In 2023, the field of endometrial cancer treatment witnessed a landmark year, marked by several practice-changing outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitors and the reliable efficacy of PARP inhibitors and ADCs.

Objectives: This paper provides evidence for the improvement of the local and national longterm psychiatric emergency response system by analyzing emergency response cases for psychiatric crisis intervention conducted over three years at the Jeonbuk State Mental Health Welfare Center. Methods: From August 1, 2020, to December 31, 2023, 314 cases of emergency response for psychiatric crisis intervention were analyzed. The analysis included factors such as gender, age, marital status, location, classification of psychiatric crises, referral pathways, intervention response time, counseling history, location of intervention, types of mental health issues, types of suicidal issues, psychiatric treatment history, suicide plans and attempts, outcomes of major interventions, levels of depression, alcohol consumption, and suicidal behavior. Results: The emergency response for psychiatric crisis intervention had a higher proportion of suicide counseling compared to general mental health emergencies, and most cases were referred through administrative agencies such as the police and fire department. The majority of intervention targets were first-time counselees, classified as high-risk individuals because of depression, alcohol consumption, and suicidal behavior, and either discontinued or were maintaining medication treatment. Conclusion This study illustrated the major role of emergency response in psychiatric crisis intervention and the need for strengthening networks with police, fire departments, and relevant agencies, and improving the treatment of care staff and public awareness. In addition, this study provides evidence for predicting risk factors and offering preventive and preemptive measures.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the erosive potential of powdered vitamin C on the bovine enamel tooth surface. Methods: The experiment included five groups: Lemona, Vitagran, Korea Eundan, Coca-Cola (positive controls), and artificialsaliva (negative controls). The pH and titratable acidity were measured. Bovine enamel specimens were immersed in the experimental solutions for 15 minutes each day for 7 days. The surface microhardness was measured using the Vickers hardness number before immersion and on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days. The surfaces of the bovine enamel specimens were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The pH of the experimental groups was as follows: Lemona (2.04±0.04) had the lowest pH, followed by Vitagran(2.56±0.01), the positive control group Coca-Cola (2.60±0.03), Korea Eundan (3.14±0.02), and the negative control group artificial saliva (7.06±0.05). Surface microhardness decreased significantly during the immersion period (p＜0.001). The largest surface microhardness reduction value was shown in Lemona (–201.22±20.60), followed by Vitagran (–190.02±14.73), Korea Eundan (–189.27±27.14), Coca-Cola (–99.28±17.21), artificial saliva (–10.99±9.94). According to the SEM findings, the experimental and positive control groups exhibited rough surfaces with micropores, whereas the negative control group exhibited smooth surfaces before specimen immersion. Conclusion Consuming powdered vitamin C at a low pH may degrade the enamel surface. To reduce the erosive effect, it isrecommended to rinse the mouth with water and brush the teeth after an hour.

In the 2023 series, we summarized the major clinical research advances in gynecologic oncology based on communications at the conference of Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology Review Course. The review consisted of 1) Endometrial cancer: immune checkpoint inhibitor, antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), selective inhibitor of nuclear export, CDK4/6 inhibitors WEE1 inhibitor, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. 2) Cervical cancer: surgery in low-risk early-stage cervical cancer, therapy for locally advanced stage and advanced, metastatic, or recurrent setting; and 3) Ovarian cancer: immunotherapy, triplet therapies using immune checkpoint inhibitors along with antiangiogenic agents and PARP inhibitors, and ADCs. In 2023, the field of endometrial cancer treatment witnessed a landmark year, marked by several practice-changing outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitors and the reliable efficacy of PARP inhibitors and ADCs.

Objectives: This paper provides evidence for the improvement of the local and national longterm psychiatric emergency response system by analyzing emergency response cases for psychiatric crisis intervention conducted over three years at the Jeonbuk State Mental Health Welfare Center. Methods: From August 1, 2020, to December 31, 2023, 314 cases of emergency response for psychiatric crisis intervention were analyzed. The analysis included factors such as gender, age, marital status, location, classification of psychiatric crises, referral pathways, intervention response time, counseling history, location of intervention, types of mental health issues, types of suicidal issues, psychiatric treatment history, suicide plans and attempts, outcomes of major interventions, levels of depression, alcohol consumption, and suicidal behavior. Results: The emergency response for psychiatric crisis intervention had a higher proportion of suicide counseling compared to general mental health emergencies, and most cases were referred through administrative agencies such as the police and fire department. The majority of intervention targets were first-time counselees, classified as high-risk individuals because of depression, alcohol consumption, and suicidal behavior, and either discontinued or were maintaining medication treatment. Conclusion This study illustrated the major role of emergency response in psychiatric crisis intervention and the need for strengthening networks with police, fire departments, and relevant agencies, and improving the treatment of care staff and public awareness. In addition, this study provides evidence for predicting risk factors and offering preventive and preemptive measures.