Hemorrhage is a prevalent side effect of various injuries and can be life-threatening in certain instances. It is categorized into compressible and non-compressible types, each necessitating distinct modeling, laboratory assessments, and hemostatic approaches. This study utilized the keywords Hemorrhage, Bleeding, Animal Modeling, and Hemostat in reputable databases. The findings indicate that femoral artery hemorrhage and hepatic parenchymal hemorrhage are the predominant modeling techniques for compressible and noncompressible bleeding, respectively. Furthermore, it is noted that animal models of compressible hemorrhages are primarily situated in superficial body areas to investigate dressing or additive hemostats, while non-compressible hemorrhage models, typically located in visceral organs, are employed to examine adhesive or surgical instrumentbased hemostats.

Hemorrhage is a prevalent side effect of various injuries and can be life-threatening in certain instances. It is categorized into compressible and non-compressible types, each necessitating distinct modeling, laboratory assessments, and hemostatic approaches. This study utilized the keywords Hemorrhage, Bleeding, Animal Modeling, and Hemostat in reputable databases. The findings indicate that femoral artery hemorrhage and hepatic parenchymal hemorrhage are the predominant modeling techniques for compressible and noncompressible bleeding, respectively. Furthermore, it is noted that animal models of compressible hemorrhages are primarily situated in superficial body areas to investigate dressing or additive hemostats, while non-compressible hemorrhage models, typically located in visceral organs, are employed to examine adhesive or surgical instrumentbased hemostats.

Hemorrhage is a prevalent side effect of various injuries and can be life-threatening in certain instances. It is categorized into compressible and non-compressible types, each necessitating distinct modeling, laboratory assessments, and hemostatic approaches. This study utilized the keywords Hemorrhage, Bleeding, Animal Modeling, and Hemostat in reputable databases. The findings indicate that femoral artery hemorrhage and hepatic parenchymal hemorrhage are the predominant modeling techniques for compressible and noncompressible bleeding, respectively. Furthermore, it is noted that animal models of compressible hemorrhages are primarily situated in superficial body areas to investigate dressing or additive hemostats, while non-compressible hemorrhage models, typically located in visceral organs, are employed to examine adhesive or surgical instrumentbased hemostats.

Hemorrhage is a prevalent side effect of various injuries and can be life-threatening in certain instances. It is categorized into compressible and non-compressible types, each necessitating distinct modeling, laboratory assessments, and hemostatic approaches. This study utilized the keywords Hemorrhage, Bleeding, Animal Modeling, and Hemostat in reputable databases. The findings indicate that femoral artery hemorrhage and hepatic parenchymal hemorrhage are the predominant modeling techniques for compressible and noncompressible bleeding, respectively. Furthermore, it is noted that animal models of compressible hemorrhages are primarily situated in superficial body areas to investigate dressing or additive hemostats, while non-compressible hemorrhage models, typically located in visceral organs, are employed to examine adhesive or surgical instrumentbased hemostats.

Hemorrhage is a prevalent side effect of various injuries and can be life-threatening in certain instances. It is categorized into compressible and non-compressible types, each necessitating distinct modeling, laboratory assessments, and hemostatic approaches. This study utilized the keywords Hemorrhage, Bleeding, Animal Modeling, and Hemostat in reputable databases. The findings indicate that femoral artery hemorrhage and hepatic parenchymal hemorrhage are the predominant modeling techniques for compressible and noncompressible bleeding, respectively. Furthermore, it is noted that animal models of compressible hemorrhages are primarily situated in superficial body areas to investigate dressing or additive hemostats, while non-compressible hemorrhage models, typically located in visceral organs, are employed to examine adhesive or surgical instrumentbased hemostats.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness and safety of essential oil from Citrus aurantium on anxiety in patients undergoing coronary angiography. METHODS: A single-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 80 patients experiencing coronary angiography in Imam Ali Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran from April to November in 2016. All patients were randomly divided into intervention and control groups by a random number table, 40 cases in each group. The patients in the intervention group inhaled Citrus aurantium essential oil for 15-20 min about 60 min before angiography. Following the same procedure, distilled water was used instead of Citrus aurantium in the control group. Spielbergers State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was filled in and vital signs including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), respiratory and pulse rate were recorded before and 20 min after the intervention. Adverse reactions after intervention were observed. RESULTS: In the intervention group, the mean scores of STAI, SBP, DBP, respiratory and pulse rate were 53.30 ± 10.13, 134.82 ± 11.75 mm Hg, 84.49 ± 6.99 mm Hg, 17.87 ± 1.73 times/min, and 76.48 ± 12.55 beats/min at baseline and significantly decreased to 42.37 ± 10.15, 124.49 ± 10.48 mm Hg, 79.23 ± 6.62 mm Hg, 14.54 ± 1.43 times/min, and 70.03 ± 13.66 beats/min respectively 20 min after intervention (all P<0.05); however, in the control group, neither anxiety scores nor vital signs changed significantly (P>0.05). All subjects reported no adverse reactions. CONCLUSION: Inhalation of the essential oil from Citrus aurantium was effective in reducing anxiety and stress levels in patients undergoing coronary angiography. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT2016040816797N2 (retrospectively registered on 21 April 2016, https://en.irct.ir/trial/15600 ).

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic intestinal inflammation. Common clinical symptoms are weight loss, diarrhea, ulcers, and inflammation. Aloe vera (AV) has several medicinal properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory analgesic, and improvement of gastric and skin ulcers. This study aimed to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of AV gel on acetic acid-induced UC in rats. UC was induced in 48 rats by injection of 4% acetic acid into the rectum. Protective and treatment groups received treatments 7 days before and after the induction of colitis, respectively. The negative control group, the positive control group, and AV groups received distilled water, sulfasalazine, and 50 and 300 mg/kg of gel extract, respectively. Water and food intake and body weight changes were recorded. The extent of the mucosal ulcers, colon tissue thickening, and mucosal bleeding were scored by the Gerald classification system score (microscopy observations). Slides of tissues were prepared for pathologic assay using the modified Wallace method (macroscopic observations). The results of the macroscopic and microscopic examination showed protective and therapeutic effects of 50 mg/kg dose of AV on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats which reduces the inflammation, ulcers and tissue damage compared with negative control (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in the amount of water and food intake, body weight changes, and colon weight in protective and treatment groups. Based on the results, AV gel could be used to improve the symptoms of UC, as well as prevent people who are susceptible to the UC.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic intestinal inflammation. Common clinical symptoms are weight loss, diarrhea, ulcers, and inflammation. Aloe vera (AV) has several medicinal properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory analgesic, and improvement of gastric and skin ulcers. This study aimed to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of AV gel on acetic acid-induced UC in rats. UC was induced in 48 rats by injection of 4% acetic acid into the rectum. Protective and treatment groups received treatments 7 days before and after the induction of colitis, respectively. The negative control group, the positive control group, and AV groups received distilled water, sulfasalazine, and 50 and 300 mg/kg of gel extract, respectively. Water and food intake and body weight changes were recorded. The extent of the mucosal ulcers, colon tissue thickening, and mucosal bleeding were scored by the Gerald classification system score (microscopy observations). Slides of tissues were prepared for pathologic assay using the modified Wallace method (macroscopic observations). The results of the macroscopic and microscopic examination showed protective and therapeutic effects of 50 mg/kg dose of AV on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats which reduces the inflammation, ulcers and tissue damage compared with negative control (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in the amount of water and food intake, body weight changes, and colon weight in protective and treatment groups. Based on the results, AV gel could be used to improve the symptoms of UC, as well as prevent people who are susceptible to the UC.

Purpose::Comparison of effective road safety approaches with those of relatively similar countries can be used to identify possibilities for safety improvement. Since there is no clear and comprehensive study of countries' current and successful approaches to road safety in the world, the aim of this study was to identifying common road safety approaches in the world.Methods::This study was performed using scoping review and thematic analysis. The study followed the approach proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. In this study all articles were selected without time limit by searching in the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Embase. An initial search of 5612 papers was found and finally, 20 papers met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed.Results::There were different road safety approaches in different countries around the world, which were classified in three themes: traditional approach, systemic approach, and vision zero. The traditional approach includes the sub-theme of the road-user approach, and the causal approach. The systemic approach also includes sub-themes of sustainable safety, safety system, and the United Nations plan for decade of action.Conclusion::A systemic approach to road safety seems to be welcomed by most developed and developing countries, and a paradigm shift towards a safe system has taken place. Also, given the successful results of implementing vision zero in leading countries, most countries are trying to design and implement this approach. Finally, the choice and implementation of road safety approaches varies according to the principles, priorities and infrastructure of each country.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. PURPOSE: Clinical outcome study comparing the Copenhagen Neck Functional Disability Scale (CNFDS) and modified Japanese orthopedic association (mJOA) assessment scales in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Comparison of instruments that measure patient-reported outcomes is needed. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted. Ninety five patients with CSM were entered into the study and completed the CNFDS and the mJOA preoperatively and postoperatively. Correlation between the CNFDS and the mJOA was evaluated preoperatively and at the end of follow-up. Responsiveness to change of CNFDS and mJOA was also assessed. Clinical outcomes were also measured with the recovery rate of mJOA score at end of follow-up. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 58.2 (standard deviation, SD=8.7) years. Mean follow-up was 2.1 years (range, 1 to 4 years). The mJOA correlated strongly with the CNFDS score preoperatively and postoperatively (r=-0.81 and -0.82, respectively; p<0.001). The CNFDS and the mJOA were able to detect changes after the surgery (p<0.001). The mean mJOA recovery rate was 51.8% (SD=13.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Surgery for the treatment of patients with CSM is an efficacious procedure. CNFDS and mJOA scores have a strong correlation in measuring disability among CSM patients.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Neck* ; Orthopedics* ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Spinal Cord Diseases* ; Weights and Measures*