OBJECTIVE:The effect of post-activation potentiation on sports performance is characterized by increased muscle mobility and increased rate of muscle force generation.In this paper,Meta-analysis is used to quantitatively evaluate the effects of post-activation potentiation on sprint speed,jumping performance,and kinetic parameters(peak impulse,peak power,maximum ground reaction force,rate of force generation,etc.)after activation of relative strength levels in the lower limbs. METHODS:Electronic databases such as CNKI,WanFang,Web of Science,PubMed,and Medline were retrieved for randomized control,random crossover,or clear grouping according to the relative strength levels of the lower limbs(non-randomized controls)on the post-activation potentiation effect after activation induced by the relative strength level of the lower limbs.Free weight equipment and rapid telescopic compound exercises were used as main intervention methods in each group.The publication time of the literature was from the inception of each database until August 5,2023.Endnote software was used to manage the literature.Literature quality assessment was conducted using the PEDro scale for randomized controlled trials and ROBINS-I 2.0 standards for non-randomized controlled trials.Revman5.4 and Stata15.0 software were used to conduct publication bias evaluation,subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis of the extracted data,and forest plots were produced for Meta-analysis. RESULTS:Eleven documents(seven randomized controlled trials and four non-randomized controlled trials)were finally included,including 216 subjects.Overall,the methodological quality of the literature was high.According to the grouping standard of 1-repetition maximum/body mass>2 for the strong group and 1-repetition maximum/body mass≤2 for the normal group,there were 99 subjects in the strong group and 117 subjects in the normal group,all of whom were male.The positive effect of post-activation potentiation on sprint performance in the strong group was significantly higher than that in the normal group[standardized mean difference(SMD)=-1.34,95%confidence interval(CI):-1.74 to-0.93,P<0.000 01];the positive effect of post-activation potentiation on vertical jump height showed no significant difference between the strong and normal group(SMD=0.30,95%CI:-0.07 to 0.66,P=0.11);the positive effect of post-activation potentiation showed no significant difference between the strong and normal groups in terms of peak impulse(SMD=-0.07,95%CI:-0.62 to 0.47,P=0.61],peak power(SMD=0.21,95%CI:-0.29 to 0.72,P=0.12),maximum ground reaction force(SMD=0.31,95%CI:-0.20 to 0.81,P=0.16)and force generation rate(SMD=0.36,95%CI:-0.11 to 0.82,P=0.39). CONCLUSION:The post-activation potentiation effect in the strong group can significantly increase the short-distance sprint speed.The potentiation effect after activation of the relative strength level of the lower limbs has similar effects on the kinematic and kinetic parameters,including explosive vertical jump height,peak impulse,peak power,maximum ground reaction force and force generation rate.

Objective:To construct a risk model of liver injury related to parenteral nutrition (PNALD) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods:The clinical data of 176 SAP patients admitted to the 971 Hospital of Navy from January 2019 to August 2021 were retrospectively collected. According to whether PNALD occurred or not, the patients were divided into liver injury group ( n=33) and non-liver injury group ( n=143). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of PNALD in SAP patients. Then decision tree model and multivariate logistic regression model were established based on the screened risk factors. Hosmer and Lemeshow Test calibration curves were used to calibrate the two models, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn and area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to compare the prediction efficiency of the two models. Results:Drinking history (history of alcohol intake), serum albumin / globulin ratio ≤1.45, prothrombin time (PT)≥18.52 s, PT activity ≤48.96, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) ≥45.91 s were all risk factors for PNALD. The ROC curve of the multivariate logistic regression model and the decision tree model was drawn, and calculated AUC of the two models was 0.851 and 0.906, respectively; the sensitivity was 79.6% and 80.8%, respectively; the specificity was 80.5% and 79.6%, respectively; and the Youden index was 0.601 and 0.604, respectively, with good consistency.Conclusions:Low serum albumin/globulin ratio and PT activity, high PT and APTT are all risk factors for PNALD. The PNALD prediction model based on the above risk factors has high specificity and sensitivity.

Objective:To analyze the incidence and clinical phenotype of the concomitant extragenital malformations in the patients with female reproductive tract anomalies.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted using clinical data of hospitalized patients diagnosed with uterine, cervical, or vaginal malformations from January 2003 to December 2022 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The malformations were classified according to American Society for Reproductive Medicine müllerian anomalies classification 2021, and in each type, the incidence and specific manifestations of concomitant extragnital malformations were analyzed.Results:A total of 444 patients were included. The overall incidence of concomitant extragenital malformations was 43.5% (193/444), including urinary system, skeletal system, and other system malformations. Renal malformations on the obstructed side were present in all patients with oblique vaginal septum syndrome (100.0%, 78/78). The total incidence of concomitant extragnital malformations was as high as 8/11 in uterus didelphys, 43.5% (10/23) in unicornuate uterus, 33.6% (79/235) in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, 18.8% (6/32) in septate uterus and 18.5% (12/65) in cervical agenesis. Urinary system malformations (30.6%, 136/444) and skeletal system malformations (13.5%, 60/444) were the most common concomitant malformations in all types, in which, unilateral renal agenesis and scoliosis were the most common.Conclusions:Urinary and skeletal system malformations are important features of female reproductive tract anomalies. Urologic ultrasonography and spinal roentgenogram are recommended for all patients with female reproductive tract anomalies.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the lipid-lowering activity of Quansanqi tablets（QSQ）， an innovative new drug of Panax notoginseng. MethodMice and golden hamsters were used to establish a hyperlipidemia model by injecting egg yolk milk and feeding high-fat diets. The levels of total cholesterol （TC），triglyceride （TG），low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） were detected， and liver function indicators ［alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate amino-transferase （AST）， and alkaline phosphatase （ALP）］ of golden hamsters were detected. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the degree of liver injury. In the experiments， a normal group， a model group， an atorvastatin calcium group， and low-， medium-， and high-dose QSQ groups （0.32， 0.64， 1.28 g·kg^-1 for mice， and 0.16， 0.32， 0.64 g·kg^-1 for golden hamsters） were set up. ResultCompared with the normal group， the acute hyperlipidemia model mice showed increased TC， TG， and LDL-C levels （P<0.01）， and the hyperlipidemia model mice showed increased TC and LDL-C levels （P<0.01）. Additionally， the hyperlipidemia model golden hamsters showed increased serum TC， TG， LDL-C， ALT， AST， and ALP levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）. HE staining indicated the presence of fat accumulation in the liver， accompanied by inflammatory reactions. Compared with the model group， QSQ of various doses could reduce TC， TG， and LDL-C levels in acute hyperlipidemia model mice （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the high-dose QSQ could reduce TC and LDL-C levels （P<0.01） and increase HDL-C level （P<0.05） in hyperlipidemia model mice， as well as reduce TC， TG， and LDL-C levels in hyperlipidemia model golden hamsters （P<0.05， P<0.01）， especially in the first two weeks. In addition， atorvastatin calcium could further increase ALT， AST， and ALP levels （P<0.05， P<0.01） and aggravate liver function damage， while low-dose QSQ could reduce ALT， AST， and ALP （P<0.05）， and medium- and high-dose QSQ did not cause further liver function damage. ConclusionQSQ have a significant lipid-lowering effect on different hyperlipidemia model animals and can improve liver function and liver injury.

Adrenal Glands ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism ; Retrospective Studies ; Singapore

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a destructive pest native to America and has recently become an invasive insect pest in China. Because of its rapid spread and great risks in China, understanding of FAW genetic background and pesticide resistance is urgent and essential to develop effective management strategies. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of a male FAW (SFynMstLFR) and compared re-sequencing results of the populations from America, Africa, and China. Strain identification of 163 individuals collected from America, Africa and China showed that both C and R strains were found in the American populations, while only C strain was found in the Chinese and African populations. Moreover, population genomics analysis showed that populations from Africa and China have close relationship with significantly genetic differentiation from American populations. Taken together, FAWs invaded into China were most likely originated from Africa. Comparative genomics analysis displayed that the cytochrome p450 gene family is extremely expanded to 425 members in FAW, of which 283 genes are specific to FAW. Treatments of Chinese populations with twenty-three pesticides showed the variant patterns of transcriptome profiles, and several detoxification genes such as AOX, UGT and GST specially responded to the pesticides. These findings will be useful in developing effective strategies for management of FAW in China and other invaded areas.
Animals ; China ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; Pesticides ; Spodoptera/genetics* ; Transcriptome

OBJECTIVE：To es tablish a method for the content determination of heavy metals [lead （Pb），cadmium（Cd）， copper （Cu）， mercury （Hg）] and harmful elements [arsenic （As）] in Pediatric paracetamol artificial cow-bezoar and chlorphenamine maleate granules. METHODS ：The samples were conducted pretreatment by microwave digestion instrument and determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）using elements germanium ，indium，bismuth as internal standard. RESULTS ：The linear ranges of Pb ，As，Cu，Cd and Hg were 1-20，0.5-10，5-100，0.5-10 and 0.2-4 ng/mL， respectively （all r＞0.997）. The limits of detection （LODs） were 0.041 1，0.013 2，0.057 3，0.009 0，0.005 4 ng/mL， respectively. The limits of quantification （LOQs）were 0.137 0，0.044 0，0.191 0，0.030 0，0.018 0 ng/mL，respectively. RSDs of precision and repeatability tests were all less than 6％. RSDs of stability tests （28 h）of Pb ，As，Cu and Cd were all less than 5％， and that of stability test （28 h）of Hg was less than 7％. The average recoveries were 89.44％（RSD＝5.87％，n＝9），99.56％ （RSD＝5.46％ ，n＝9），96.12％（RSD＝4.62％ ，n＝9），105.82％（RSD＝2.80％ ，n＝9）and 90.23％（RSD＝3.59％ ，n＝9）， respectively. Five elements were all detected in 63 batches of samples ，and the contents of them were 0.191 0-1.527 6，0.002 5- 0.047 4，0.034 1-1.549 0，0.001 5-0.078 8 and 0.001 9-0.005 4 mg/kg，respectively. CONCLUSIONS ：The method is simple ， sensitive and accurate. It is suitable for simultaneous determination of 5 elements in Pediatric paracetamol artificial cow-bezoar and chlorphenamine maleate granules.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio and unstable carotid plaque.Methods:From February 2021 to May 2021, adult patients with asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic plaque admitted to the Department of Neurology, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang were retrospectively enrolled. The demographic and related clinical data were collected. Carotid artery plaques were detected by ultrasound, and the subjects were divided into a stable plaque group and an unstable plaque group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent risk factors for unstable carotid plaques. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of TC/HDL-C ratio for unstable carotid plaques. Results:A total of 362 patients with asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic plaque were enrolled, including 226 (62.43%) in the stable plaque group and 136 (37.57%) in the unstable plaque group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors, only TC/HDL-C ratio was the independent risk factor for unstable carotid plaque (taking the 1 st quintile array of TC/HDL-C ratio as a reference, the 4 th quintile array: odds ratio 3.13, 95% confidence interval 1.50-6.55, P=0.002; the 5 th quintile array: odds ratio 6.75, 95% confidence interval 3.21-14.22, P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of TC/HDL-C ratio for predicting unstable carotid plaque was 0.691 (95% confidence interval 0.634-0.748; P<0.001), the optimal cut-off value was 4.38, and the sensitivity and specificity were 50.0% and 82.7%, respectively. Conclusion:TC/HDL-C ratio is an independent risk factor for unstable carotid plaques and has a certain predictive value for unstable carotid plaques.

Rhythm of blood pressure refers to the circadian variation of blood pressure, which is regulated by clock genes. However, the rhythm disorder of blood pressure increases the risk of stroke. Taking the process of blood pressure regulation as a clue and focusing on the clock gene pathway, this article explores the possible mechanism of period gene regulating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in rhythm of blood pressure, so as to provide reference for the in-depth study of the relevant mechanism of rhythm disorder of blood pressure and search for a new target for the primary prevention of cerebrovascular diseases.

OBJECTIVE：To evaluate the dissolution behavior consistency between the generic drugs and original drugs of Oxcarbazepine scored tablets ，and to compare the appearance ，the friability of the split portions ，loss of mass of the split portions as well as crystal form and morphology of raw material from different enterprises. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted. The paddle method （rotation speed of 60 r/min，the temperature of 37.0℃）was adopted to determine accumulative dissolution rate of generic and original drugs in 4 mediums [ 0.6％ SDS hydrochloric acid solution （pH＝1.2），0.6％ SDS acetate buffer solution （pH＝4.5），0.6％ SDS phosphate buffer solution （pH＝6.8）and 0.6％ SDS water solution]. The similarity factor method was used to evaluate the similarity of dissolution curves as well as intra-batch uniformity of the split portions and whole tablets. The friability tester and electronic balance were used to determine the friability and the loss of mass of the split portions. X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope were used to observe the crystal form and crystal morpho logy of the raw materials of different enterprises. RESULTS ：The linear range of oxcarbazepine was LOD was 0.04 μg/mL；RSDs of precision ，stability，reprodu- cibility and durability tests were lower than 2.0％；the reco- veries were 99.80％-101.63％（RSD＝0.37％-0.91％，n＝3）. The average cumulati ve dissolution rate of generic drug A ， generic drug B and original drug in 4 different dissolution media at 90 min were 92％，87％，90％ [0.6％ SDS hydrochloric acid solution（pH＝1.2）]；94％，94％，90％ [0.6％ SDS acetate buffer solution （pH＝4.5）]；95％，95％，91％ [0.6％ SDS phosphate buffer solution （pH 6.8）]；97％，98％，95％（0.6％ SDS water solution ）. The similarity factors of generic drug A ，generic drug B and original drug in 4 kinds of different dissolution media were 66 and 81，71 and 69，71 and 61，59 and 39. In the first 15 min，the difference of dissolution rate of split portions and whole tablets were －3％-13％，－2％-24％ and －3％-7％ for generic drug A ， generic drug B and original drug ，respectively. RSDs of accumulative dissolution rate of split portions and whole tablets were 6％-14％ and 2％-9％ for generic drug A （n＝12），4％-10％ and 1％-8％ for generic drug B （n＝12）and 2％-7％ and 2％-8％ for original drug. The appearance of the original drug was fusiform ，and the notch was deep ；the shape of the generic drug was different from each other ，and the notch of the generic drug was significantly shallower than that of original drug. The friability ， the loss of mass of the split portions for generic drug A and generic drug B ，original drug were 0.62％and 0.67％，0.12％ and 0.11％，0.08％ and 0.05％. The domestic raw materials possessed irregular lumps and debris ，while the raw materials produced by original drug enterprises possessed regular flat cuboids and regular strips with little debris ；but X-ray diffraction peaks of them were basically the same. CONCLUSIONS ：The dissolution behavior of generic drug A in 4 medium is consistent with that of the original drug；dissolution behavior of generic drug B in water containing 0.6％SDS is different from that of the original drug ；there is no significant change in the homogeneity of the original drug before and after splitting ，but the homogeneity of the generic drug A and B after splitting is lower than that of the whole tablet ；the fragility of generic drugs and loss of mass of split portions are higher than those of the original drugs ；two kinds of raw material have the same crystal form but different crystal morphology.