Maternal diabetes not only affects the mother′s own health but also has a significant influence on offspring.Adverse prenatal and intrauterine condition can influence fetal kidney development, which may increase the risk of kidney disease in the adulthood.This article reveiws the impact of maternal diabetes on kidney structure and function.Maternal diabetes can increase the risk of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract(CAKUT)and impair early and long-term renal function of offspring.In addition, this article reveiws the research progress of the potential mechanisms of how maternal diabetes affects kidney development including oxidative stress, key signal pathway changes of kidney development and epigenetic changes.