Objective To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture at Lianquan point on nerve function deficit in post-stroke dysphagia(PSD)rats and its potential effect on regulating of transi-ent receptor potential vanilic acid subtype 1(TRPV1)signaling pathway.Methods A total of 60 male SD rats with SPF grade were randomly divided into a normal group of 12(only mild inser-tion of the thread,which did not lead to intracerebral artery occlusion),and the remaining 48 rats were established into PSD models.The 36 rats successfully made were randomly divided into mod-el group,treatment group and treatment+caffeic acid group,with 12 rats in each group.The la-tency and frequency of swallowing were recorded.Biological signal collector was applied to detect hypoglossal nerve discharge,lingual muscle threshold intensity,and contraction amplitude.ELISA was employed to detect the content of substance P in serum,toluidine blue staining was conducted to count the number of Nissl bodies in the hypoglossal nucleus,and immunohistochemistry was applied to measure the expression levels of TRPV1,serotonin(5-HT),phosphorylation(p)-p38,and neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS)in the hypoglossal nucleus.Results Compared with the normal group,the model group had shorter swallowing latency,less swallowing frequency,and decreased integrated area of hypoglossal nerve discharge,amplitude of tongue muscle contrac-tion,serum substance P content,threshold strength of tongue muscle,number of Nissl bodies,and the expression levels of TRPV1 and 5-HT,but increased threshold intensity of tongue muscles and expression levels of p-p38 and nNOS in the hypoglossal nucleus(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the amplitude of tongue muscle contraction,serum substance P content,number of Nissl bodies,and the expression levels of TRPV1 and 5-HT proteins in rats in the treatment group were increased[2.36±0.26 vs 1.77±0.22,3.46±0.36 vs 2.15±0.18,(3.92±0.38)ng/ml vs(1.69±0.17)ng/ml,(33.60±3.65)vs(24.60±2.34),(19.85±2.11)％vs(9.79±1.07)％,(22.43± 2.34)％vs(10.85±1.13)％,P＜0.05].Conclusion Electroacupuncture at Lianquan point may improve neurological deficits in PSD rats by activating the TRPV1 signaling pathway.

Objective:To analyze the correlation between peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets, especially B cells, and the relapse of autoimmune encephalitis (AE).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with AE who were diagnosed and treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2012 to January 2023. The clinical data including gender, age and changes in related indicators of CD19 +B cells, CD16/56 +NK cells, CD3 +T cells, CD4 +T cells, CD8 +T cells, IgG, IgA, and IgM before and after recurrence were analyzed.Binary Logistic regression analysis was applied to the study of correlation between AE recurrence and gender, age, CD19 +B cells, CD16/56 +NK cells, CD3 +T cells, CD4 +T cells, CD8 +T cells, IgG, IgA and IgM. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the cells that affect AE recurrence (CD19 +B cells, CD16/56 +NK cells, CD3 +T cells, CD4 +T cells and CD8 +T cells) were plotted separately. Results:A total of 198 eligible AE patients were included, including 98 males and 100 females, aged (39.52±17.91) years. Among these patients, 78 cases had relapses, with a recurrence rate of 39.4%. The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that CD19 +B cells ( B=0.006, P<0.001), CD16/56 +NK cells ( B=0.004, P<0.05), CD3 +T cells ( B=-0.011, P<0.05), CD4 +T cells ( B=0.014, P<0.05) and CD8 +T cells ( B=0.010, P<0.05) were highly correlated with the relapse of AE. ROC curve analysis showed that CD19 +B cells (area under the curve: 0.833, P<0.001, critical value: 73.5/μl; sensitivity: 69.2%, specificity: 86.7%), CD3 +T cells (area under the curve: 0.784, P<0.001), CD4 +T cells (area under the curve: 0.808, P<0.001), and CD8 +T cells (area under the curve: 0.742, P<0.001) all had a certain predictive value for AE relapse. Among all the indicators, the area under the curve of CD19 +B cells was the largest, which had a higher value in predicting AE recurrence. Conclusion:The increase in peripheral blood CD19 +B cells has high predictive value for the relapse of AE.

Objective To explore the effect of glioma stem cells with high expression of protein tyrosin phosphatase receptor type Z1 (PTPRZ1 )on the phenotypic polarization and phagocytosis of tumor-associated macrophages and its regulatory mechanism.Methods GSCs and non-stem tumor cells (NSTCs) were screened out from human glioblastoma (GBM) specimens using flow cytometry,and the PTPRZ1 expression in paired GSCs and NSTCs were detected.Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)-derived CD14+monocytes were exposed to the conditioned medium from glioma cells or recombinant chemokine C-C motif ligand 20 (CCL20)for TAM polarization.Stable PTPRZ1 knockout GSCs (PTPRZ1-KO GSCs) were constructed using CRISPR/Cas9. TAM phagocytosis to GSCs,NSTCs,PTPRZ1-Control GSCs (PTPRZ1-Ctrl GSCs)and PTPRZ1-KO GSCs and the expression of immunosuppressive phenotype (M2) polarization marker CD163 were examined using flow cytometry.Differentially expressed genes (DEGs ) between paired GSCs and NSTCs were determined using a bulk RNA-sequencing dataset (GSE54791 )from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).A gene set informing worse outcome of patients with GBM was generated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-GBM cohort.By intersecting the aforementioned gene set with the gene set that encodes for human membrance proteins,the PTPRZ1 gene is obtained.Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA)was used for pathway enrichment analysis to compare the differentially regulated pathways between GBMs with high or low PTPRZ1 expression.Bulk RNA sequencing,qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to identify the DEGs between PTPRZ1-KO GSCs and PTPRZ1-Ctrl GSCs.Results GSCs were more capable of escaping from TAM phagocytosis than NSTCs (P<0.05 )and had specifically up-regulated PTPRZ1 expression.PTPRZ1-KO significantly suppressed GSCs escaping from TAM phagocytosis (P<0.01 ). GBMs with high PTPRZ1 expression showed significant inhibition of pathways mediating phagocytosis (P<0.05).The expression of CCL20 as a M2 TAM polarization chemokine was significantly down-regulated in PTPRZ1-KO GSCs (P<0.05 ).Treatment with recombinant CCL20 up-regulated the expression of CD163 as a M2 TAM marker in TAM.Conclusion PTPRZ1+GSCs mediate M2 TAM polarization and inhibit TAM phagocytosis,which may be related to the up-regulation of CCL20 in PTPRZ1+GSCs.

Humans ; Adult ; Serum Albumin, Human ; Consensus ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Thoracic Surgery

Humans ; Consensus ; Liver Neoplasms/therapy* ; China

Objective:This study aimed to compare the detection efficacy of transrectal ultrasound-guided transrectal cognitive fusion targeted+ systematic prostate biopsy and transperineal cognitive fusion targeted + systematic biopsy in patients with suspected prostate cancer (PCa). In addition, the relative clinical characteristics of PCa were evaluated.Methods:A total of 385 patients with suspected prostate cancer in the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University from May 2019 to November 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients met the prostate biopsy criterion, who underwent transrectal(n=275)and transperineal(n=110)prostate biopsy respectively. There were no significant differences of mean age [(70.7±7.3)years vs.(69.2±8.4) years], PSA [(55.12±116.96)ng/ml vs. (63.41±315.34)ng/ml], prostate volume [(55.96±35.26)ml vs. (64.35±55.99)ml] between two groups. According to preoperative prostate magnetic resonance imaging combined with intraoperative ultrasound, 2-4 needles targeted puncture of suspected lesion were performed, followed by 12 needle systematic prostate biopsy. The detection rate of prostate cancer between two biopsy ways were compared. The related factors of PCa including age, prostate volume and PSA level were collected for univariable and multivariable logistic analysis. The cancer detection rate was compared and logistic regression was used to assess the impact of patient characteristics on PCa detection.Results:For all patients, the detection rate with cancer between transrectal group and transperineal group were 121/275(40.0%) and 67/110(60.9%), respectively. The transperineal group detected a higher rate of PCa ( P=0.003)and more clinically significant prostate cancers (csPCa) (54.6% vs.36.7%, P=0.001) than that of the transrectal group, there were significant differences between two groups ( P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that PSA( OR=1.025, P=0.001) and prostate volume( OR=0.984, P=0.001)were two independent factors for the detection rate of prostate cancer between two biopsy ways( P<0.05). The effect of age on the detection rate of PCa in the transperieal group was significantly lower than that of the transrectal group( OR=0.037, P=0.238 vs. OR=0.053, P=0.002). Conclusion:The transperieal biopsy could find more PCa than the transrectal biopsy. PSA level and prostate volume could affect the detection rate of cancer between two prostate biopsy ways.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between preoperative levels of serum uric acid (SUA) and postoperative delirium (POD).Methods:Seven hundred and fifty patients of either sex, aged 50-90 yr, with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, scheduled for elective knee replacement under spinal-epidural anesthesia, were selected.Venous blood samples were collected before anesthesia and levels of SUA were determined by enzyme-coupled assay.L 3-4 was selected as the puncture space, and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were obtained from the subarachnoid space for determination of concentrations of β-amyloid 42, total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The patients were divided into hyperuric acid group (group HS) and non-hyperuric acid group (group NS) according to clinical diagnostic criteria of hyperuricemia, and into POD group (group POD) and non-POD group (group NPOD) according to the occurrence of POD.Logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for POD.The mediating effect of CSF biomarkers was analyzed.The efficacy of SUA and CSF biomarker concentrations in predicting POD was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results:A total of 699 patients were finally enrolled in the study, and the incidence of POD was 21.5%.The results of logistic regression analysis after adjusting for multiple confounding factors, such as age, sex, years of education, Mini-Mental State Examination score, smoking history, drinking history, hypertension and diabetes history, showed that increased concentrations of SUA and p-tau and t-tau in CSF were risk factors for POD ( P<0.05). The results of mediation analysis showed that the concentrations of p-tau and t-tau in CSF were the mediating factors of the relationship between SUA and POD, with mediating effects of 0.000 301 (95% confidence interval 0-0.000 152) and 0.000 236 (95% confidence interval 0-0.000 092), respectively, and the intermediary proportion were 14.9% and 11.7%, respectively.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of SUA in predicting POD was 0.774 ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Increased preoperative SUA is a risk factor for POD, and the accuracy of predicting POD is high, and concentrations of p-tau and t-tau in CSF are mediators of SUA affecting POD.

Chest trauma is one of the most common injuries. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) as a common complication of chest trauma seriously affects the quality of patients′ life and even leads to death. Although there are some consensus and guidelines on the prevention and treatment of VTE at home and abroad, the current literatures lack specificity considering the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of VTE in patients with chest trauma have their own characteristics, especially for those with blunt trauma. Accordingly, China Chest Injury Research Society and editorial board of Chinese Journal of Traumatology organized relevant domestic experts to jointly formulate the Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of chest trauma venous thromboembolism associated with chest trauma (2022 version). This consensus provides expert recommendations of different levels as academic guidance in terms of the characteristics, clinical manifestations, risk assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of chest trauma-related VTE, so as to offer a reference for clinical application.

Bivalves are species-rich mollusks with prominent protective roles in coastal ecosystems.Across these ancient lineages,colony-founding larvae anchor themselves either by byssus produc-tion or by cemented attachment.The latter mode of sessile life is strongly molded by left-right shell asymmetry during larval development of Ostreoida oysters such as Crassostrea hongkongensis.Here,we sequenced the genome of C.hongkongensis in high resolution and compared it to reference bivalve genomes to unveil genomic determinants driving cemented attachment and shell asymmetry.Importantly,loss of the homeobox gene Antennapedia(Antp)and broad expansion of lineage-specific extracellular gene families are implicated in a shift from byssal to cemented attachment in bivalves.Comparative transcriptomic analysis shows a conspicuous divergence between left-right asymmetrical C.hongkongensis and symmetrical Pinctada fucata in their expression profiles.Especially,a couple of orthologous transcription factor genes and lineage-specific shell-related gene families including that encoding tyrosinases are elevated,and may cooperatively govern asymmet-rical shell formation in Ostreoida oysters.

Objective:To identify anti-dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein 6 (DPPX) antibody in patients with encephalitis of unknown etiology and describe the clinical features of anti-DPPX antibody-associated encephalitis in Chinese patients.Methods:For patients registered in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital Encephalitis and Paraneoplastic Syndrome Registration Project from 2016 to 2019 with negative findings in autoimmune encephalitis routine antibody profile and paraneoplastic antibody profile, but with positive tissue-based assay (TBA) results, further tests for rare antibodies, including cell-based assay (CBA) of anti-DPPX antibody, were performed. Patients positive for anti-DPPX antibody were enrolled and the clinical data were collected.Results:Two patients with anti-DPPX antibody-associated encephalitis were found from 2016 to 2019 among about 15 000 patients. Both were females, aged 46 and 75 years. One patient had diarrhea, cachexia, cognitive dysfunction, agitation, myoclonus, tremor, and seizures. The other had cognitive impairment, restlessness, memory loss, disorientation, and sleep disturbance. The second patient had medical history of systemic lupus erythematosus and secondary Sj?gren′s syndrome.Conclusions:TBA should be combined with CBA in identification of anti-DPPX antibody to confirm the diagnosis. Anti-DPPX antibody-associated encephalitis has clinical manifestations of encephalopathy with diarrhea and cachexia, and can coexist with systemic lupus erythematosus.