[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.043.].

Gastrointestinal mucositis is one of the most debilitating side effects of the chemotherapeutic agent irinotecan (CPT-11). Andrographolide, a natural bicyclic diterpenoid lactone, has been reported to possess anti-colitis activity. In this study, andrographolide treatment was found to significantly relieve CPT-11-induced colitis in tumor-bearing mice without decreasing the tumor suppression effect of CPT-11. CPT-11 causes DNA damage and the release of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) from the intestine, leading to cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)‒stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-mediated colitis, which was significantly decreased by andrographolide both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistic studies revealed that andrographolide could promote homologous recombination (HR) repair and downregulate dsDNA‒cGAS‒STING signaling and contribute to the improvement of CPT-11-induced gastrointestinal mucositis. These results suggest that andrographolide may be a novel agent to relieve gastrointestinal mucositis caused by CPT-11.

Objective To summarize the electrophysiological indexes and scales used for evaluation of post-stroke spasticity, for integration of clinical management of spasms. Methods Literatures on identification and evaluation of post-stroke spasticity from databases of Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, and Wanfang Data up to May 15, 2021 were retrieved and the indicators related to post-stroke spasticity were extracted for a scoping review. Results The scales of modified Asworth Scale, Comprehensive Spasticity Scale and modified Tardieu Scale; the electrophysiological indexes of F wave, H reflex, motor evoked potentials, visual-startle reaction time and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials were used to identify and evaluate post-stroke spasticity. Conclusion More clinical researches are needed to explore earlier identification and evaluation of post-stroke spasticity more objectively and accurately.

Stroke is an acute cerebro-vascular disease with high incidence and poor prognosis, most commonly ischemic in nature. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to inflammatory reactions as symptoms of a stroke. However, the role of inflammation in stroke and its underlying mechanisms require exploration. In this study, we evaluated the inflammatory reactions induced by acute ischemia and found that pyroptosis occurred after acute ischemia both in vivo and in vitro, as determined by interleukin-1β, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, and caspase-1. The early inflammation resulted in irreversible ischemic injury, indicating that it deserves thorough investigation. Meanwhile, acute ischemia decreased the Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) protein levels, and increased the TRAF6 (TNF receptor associated factor 6) protein and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In further exploration, both Sirt1 suppression and TRAF6 activation were found to contribute to this pyroptosis. Reduced Sirt1 levels were responsible for the production of ROS and increased TRAF6 protein levels after ischemic exposure. Moreover, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, an ROS scavenger, suppressed the TRAF6 accumulation induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation via suppression of ROS bursts. These phenomena indicate that Sirt1 is upstream of ROS, and ROS bursts result in increased TRAF6 levels. Further, the activation of Sirt1 during the period of ischemia reduced ischemia-induced injury after 72 h of reperfusion in mice with middle cerebral artery occlusion. In sum, these results indicate that pyroptosis-dependent machinery contributes to the neural injury during acute ischemia via the Sirt1-ROS-TRAF6 signaling pathway. We propose that inflammatory reactions occur soon after oxidative stress and are detrimental to neuronal survival; this provides a promising therapeutic target against ischemic injuries such as a stroke.

Objective:To explore the expression and clinical significance of miR-143 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) .Methods:Tumor samples and adjacent tissues from 52 patients with PTC were obtained from Jan. 1st, 2018 to Mar. 31st, 2018 in Thyroid Surgery Department of the Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the expression of miR-143 in those subjects. In addition, the relationship between the expression levels of miR-143 and the clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed.Results:RT-qPCR indicated that the expression of miR-143 was down-regulated in PTC, which was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues ( t=-21.39, 95% CI: 18.20-15.07, P<0.001) . Low expression of miR-143 was related to the number of lymph node metastasis ≥3 in central compartment ( t=10.13, P=0.012) and lateral neck lymph node metastasis ( t=-4.67, P<0.001) . Conclusion:Downregulation of miR-143 in PTC is linked to the metastasis of PTC and may be a potential target for therapeutic intervention.

Objective:To explore the clinical significance of recurrent laryngeal nerve inlet zone(RLNIZ) lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer(PTC).Methods:The clinical data of the clinicopathologic characteristics of 738 cases with papillary thyroid cancer at our centers from Jul 2017 to Jun 2018 was retrospectively reviewed. 108 cases with RLNIZ lymph node dissection for pathological examination were included. The relationship between metastasis of RLNIZ lymph node and clinicopathologic characteristics was analyzed.Results:RLNIZ lymph node was detected in 12.3%(91/738)cases, the mean lymph node number in RLNIZ was 1.5±0.7, and 30.8%(28/91) cases suffered RLNIZ lymph node metastasis. RLNIZ lymph node metastasis(LNM) is associated with tumor size( P=0.028), capsular invasion( P=0.019), No. of central compartment LNM( P<0.001) and lateral neck LNM( P<0.001). No. of central compartment LNM was found to be the independent risk factor of RLNIZ lymph node metastasis. The incidence of dysphagia and inferior parathyroid damage was 0.9%(1/108)respectively. Conclusions:RLNIZ lymph node metastasis is common among PTC patients , therefore, RLNIZ lymph node should be routinely removed especially in patients with tumor size over 1cm、suspected capsular invasion and lateral neck lymph node metastasis confirmed by preoperative imaging examination.

Objective: By investigating the genotype and evolutionary variation of hantavirus (HV) in Tiantai county, a national surveillance site for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) was set in Zhejiang province, from 2011 to 2018, to reveal the molecular epidemiological characteristics of hantavirus (HV) in Tiantai. Methods: Total RNA was extracted from ultrasound treated HV antigen- positive rat lung samples in Tiantai from 2011 to 2018. After cDNA was prepared, nested PCR was used to amplify partial sequence of M fragments by using specific primers of HV. The sequences of HV in Tiantai from 2011 to 2018 were compared with other known HV sequences in order to identify the genotype and analyze the evolution and variation of the virus. Results: In 67 HV antigen-positive lung specimens, 31 were positive in nested PCR amplification with type-specific primers, including 30 Hantaan virus (HTNV) positive samples, 1 Seoul virus (SEOV) positive sample, and all the 31 samples were from Apodemus agrarius. The phylogenetic tree based on partial M segment was divided into monophyletic group, 30 strains were distributed in HTNV group and 1 was in SEOV group. The HTNV strain Tiantai T2018-130 was independently in one branch, sharing 84.8%-87.9% homology with other strains both at home and abroad, including 29 strains in HTNV group in Tiantai. The other 29 HTNV strains in Tiantai showed closer relationship. The SEOV strain T2016-31 from Apodemus agrarius showed closer relationship with previous strains of SEOV, Tiantai ZT71, ZT10 and Z37 strains of Wenzhou, Zhejiang province. Conclusions HTNV, the main genotype of HV in Tiantai of Zhejiang province, showed obvious geographic clustering, but the strain T2018-130 was distinct from the others in Tiantai. Meanwhile, by sequence analysis, we confirmed that The SEOV strain T2016-31 existed in in Apodemus agrarius, indicating there was a phenomenon of "spillover" between virus and host in SEOV evolution.

Objective: To learn the population,virus status and viral types of hantavirus（HV）hosts in Tiantai County of Zhejiang Province from 2011 to 2018,and to provide evidence for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome（HFRS）control. Methods: Rodents in Tiantai County were captured by night trapping method. After the species and age of rodents were identified,the composition of rodent species,dominant species and density of rodents were analyzed. The lungs and blood of rodents were sampled to detect the antigen and antibody of HV by immunofluorescence method. The HV antigen-positive lung samples were detected by RT-PCR with specific primers of HV S fragment,then HV was isolated and identified by inoculating Vero-E6 cells. Results: The average rodent density in Tiantai County from 2011 to 2018 was 4.44%. The rodent density in the field and residential areas were 4.94% and 2.23%,respectively. Ten species of rodents were identified,with Apodemus agrarius dominant in the field and Rattus norvegicus in the residential areas. Sixty-seven lung samples were HV antigen positive（4.13%）,one from Rattus norvegicus and the other sixty-six from Apodemus agrarius. Seventy-nine blood samples were HV antibody positive（4.86%）,all from Apodemus agrarius. Thirty-four HV antigen-positive lung samples were positive（50.75%）after RT-PCR amplification. Twenty-two strains of virus were isolated and all of them were from Apodemus agrarius,including twenty-one strains of Hantaan type（HTN）and one strain of Seoul type（SEO）. Conclusion In Tiantai County,Apodemus agrarius is the main source of HFRS infection;the main epidemic type of HV is HTN and SEO is first found in Apodemus agrarius.

Objective: To evaluate theresult of Screwless Scarf osteotomy for the treatment of moderate to severe hallux valgus. Methods: From January 2016 to May 2017, 13 patients with 15 feet underwent Screwless (without internal fixation) Scarf osteotomy for the treatment of moderate to severe hallux valgus.The hallux valgus angle (HVA) and intermetatarsal angle(IMA) were compared before and after surgery.Clinical outcomes were assessed by American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scoring. Results: The mean follow-up was 6 months in all the patients(range, 2-12 months). HVA was decreased by 25.7°(form 38.8°preoperative to 13.1°postoperative). IMA was decreased by 9.6°(form 18.3°preoperative to 8.7°postoperative). AOFAS sore was increase by 39.7 points (45.7 points preoperative to 85.4 points). The incidence of excellence was 86.7%. Conclusions Satisfactory clinical outcomes can be achieved by screwless Scarf osteotomy for moderate or severe hallux valgus.However, strict indications and sufficient surgical skills are crucial.