Enzymes are widely used in chemical and pharmaceutical industries because of their advantages of high efficiency and specificity. However， the shortcomings of the free enzymes， such as poor stability and difficulty in recycling， limit their application. Therefore， the immobilization and application of enzymes have become one of the research hotspots. The selection of the immobilization carriers is a critical step in the process of enzyme immobilization. Metal-organic frameworks（MOFs）， a kind of porous materials， are formed by the coordination of metal ions or metal clusters with organic ligands. As an emerging immobilization carrier， its advantages such as high porosity， strong stability， and surface modifiability make it ideal for immobilized enzyme carriers. By immobilizing the free enzyme on MOFs， the above mentioned deficiencies of the free enzymes can be effectively solved， which greatly broaden the applicable condition. Ligand fishing is a method to find receptor-specific ligands from complex components， which has the advantages of high efficiency， simple sample pretreatment and high specificity. The MOF-enzyme complex formed by enzyme immobilization can act as a "fishing rod" for ligand fishing， which can screen out the targets from the complex system of components. The complex chemical composition and various active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） make the ligand fishing technology to play a big role in the screening of enzyme inhibitors from TCM. And the screened enzyme inhibitors are expected to be further developed into the lead compounds with good efficacy and low adverse effects， so the immobilized enzymes of MOFs have a wide application in the screening of active ingredients from TCM. Based on this， this paper summarized the methods of immobilized enzymes of MOFs in recent years， analyzed the characteristics， advantages and disadvantages of each method， and summarized the laws of preparation conditions and mechanisms. Meanwhile， the application and future development of immobilized enzymes of MOFs in the field of enzyme inhibitor screening from TCM were also summarized and prospected， with a view to providing a reference for the development of natural ingredients and the modernization of TCM.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus disease and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of scrub typhus disease. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the population and regional distribution of scrub typhus. Seasonal characteristics were analyzed using concentration method and circular distribution method, and incidence trend was analyzed using joinpoint regression model. Results The annual incidence rate of scrub typhus was 0.95/100 000 from 2010 to 2022. The incidence rate of male was 0.77/100 000, lower than that of female 1.12/100 000 (χ²=18.89, P<0.05). The incidence rate of the 60-74 years old group was 3.38/100,000, and the total number of cases in the age group 45-74 years was 416 (74.95%). Occupational distribution was mainly among farmers, with 448 cases (80.72%). The top three regions with the highest number of reported cases (in order: Donghai County, Ganyu District, and Guannan County) reported a total of 416 cases, accounting for 74.95%. Concentration ratio was M=0.9408, and the incidence of scrub typhus disease was strictly seasonal. Circular distribution results showed a^-=-62.3728, S=20.8960. The circular distribution results indicated that the peak day was October 19th, and the peak period was between October 7 to December 19. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) of the incidence rate from 2010 to 2022 was 13.70%, 95% CI (-8.62%~41.48%), and the incidence rate showed an upward trend (t=1.15, P=0.249). Conclusion The incidence of scrub typhus disease is strictly seasonal, and the incidence rate over the years shows an upward trend. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring and take various intervention measures to reduce the risk of scrub typhus disease.

Objective To investigate and evaluate the nutrition status in serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D[25(OH)D]levels of 0～12 years old children in Xi'an.Methods A total of 2 670 patients aged 0～12 years old who underwent routine physical examinations in Children's Health Department of the Second Hospital of Air Force Medical University were selected from March 2020 to July 2023,and the 25(OH)D data of these patients were conducted in retrospective analysis.The nutritional status of vitamin D in these children of different genders,ages and seasons were also analyzed.Results ①This study included 2 670 children aged 0～12 years old in Xi'an,with the average level of serum 25(OH)D was 40.80±18.00 ng/ml.Among them,38 cases(1.42%)had serum 25(OH)D deficiency,333 cases(12.47%)had serum 25(OH)D insufficience,and 2 299 cases(86.11%)had sufficient serum 25(OH)D.②There was a statistically significant difference in serum 25(OH)D levels among different age groups(H=1 524.23,P=0.000).The group aged 1～<4 has the highest value of 52.51±13.57 ng/ml,while the group aged 8～12 has the lowest value of 21.65±6.75 ng/ml.③The levels of serum 25(OH)D in summer(39.44±17.46 ng/ml)were lower than those in spring(41.96±17.76 ng/ml)and autumn(42.71±18.15 ng/ml),with statistical significant differences(Z=101.57,-134.06,all P<0.01).However,the deficiency and inadequate rate of serum 25(OH)D in winter(18.95%)was higher than those in spring,summer and autumn(13.52%,12.75%,12.36%),with statistical significant differences(χ2=14.32,P=0.026).④There was no statistically significant difference in serum 25(OH)D levels between genders(H=0.933,P=0.351).However,the deficiency and inadequate rate of serum 25(OH)D in boys(12.51%)was lower than that in girls(15.46%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=9.257,P=0.010).Conclusion The nutritional status of serum 25(OH)D in children aged 0～12 years in Xi'an area is comparatively fine,and it is necessary to strengthen the intake and supplementation of vitamin D in over 3 years old children.

BACKGROUND:Berberine has the potential to induce osteogenic differentiation of various mesenchymal stem cells under normal conditions and special conditions such as high glucose,infection and inflammation.It is a natural small molecule drug that can induce bone formation in seed cells instead of growth factors,and has great application prospect in bone tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE:To review and summarize the research progress in the osteogenic mechanism and efficacy of berberine,especially its osteogenic potential under high glucose,infection and inflammation conditions,and its biological safety,so as to provide theoretical basis for its development and application in bone tissue engineering. METHODS:PubMed,WanFang,and CNKI were searched for relevant literature using the keywords of"berberine,bone defects,bone repair,bone regeneration,osteoinductive,osteoporosis,osteoblast,osteoclast,bone tissue engineering,bone,high glucose,diabetes,inflam*,infect*"in English and Chinese,respectively.A total of 105 literatures were selected for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Berberine can be used to treat multiple diseases including bone diseases,and it has the ability to promote bone regeneration.This article systematically reviews the mechanism of berberine on bone regeneration and in vivo and in vitro studies.Studies have shown that it can play a role in bone repair by promoting osteogenesis,inhibiting osteoclast formation and activity,and preventing osteoporosis.It shows excellent osteogenic differentiation potential mainly via Wnt/β-catenin,PI3K/AKT,EGFR/MEK/p38MAPK,cAMP/PKA/CREB,ERK and other signaling pathways.Berberine can also relieve the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation caused by high glucose,infection and inflammation,which provides more possibilities for the treatment of bone defects in patients with diabetes or infection and inflammation in the bone defect site.Berberine also has the advantages of low toxicity,low price,easy access(currently it can be synthesized),which is a relatively ideal bone induction potential drug.In recent years,the application of berberine in the treatment of bone defect tends to be localized,mainly through the combination with bone tissue engineering technology to improve bioavailability,and has shown good bone repair effect and excellent biological safety in animal experiments.In addition,preclinical experiments have shown splendid bone regeneration potential in the conditions of diabetes,local infection and inflammation.In the future,more studies are needed to fully reveal the osteogenic mechanism and biological safety of berberine,and seek the most suitable controlled release loading system to make artificial bone replacement materials with good mechanical strength,efficacy and biological safety.

Objective To investigate the effect of resveratrol(RSV)in the treatment of peri-implantitis in a murine model and its effect on nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)signaling and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPKs)signal-ing.Methods This study has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics.After extracting the right maxillary molars of 40 C57BL/6 mice and allowing them to heal naturally for 8 weeks,implants were implanted at the site of the first molar.The mice were randomly divided into a control group,a mouse peri implantitis model group,a low-dose group of 20 mg/kg resveratrol(RSV-L),and a high-dose group of 40 mg/kg resveratrol(RSV-H).After 4 weeks of implant implantation,a silk thread ligation induced peri implantitis model was established in all mice except for the control group.The model group received intervention with physiological saline by gavage,while the drug group received intervention with resvera-trol by gavage for 6 consecutive weeks.After 6-week treatment,observe the swelling of the gums around the implant and measure the bone resorption around the mouse implant using micro CT.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in gingival crevicular fluid.HE staining was used to observe the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the surrounding tissues of mouse implants.Pro-tein expression level and phosphorylation level of extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK),p-ERK,c-Jun N-termi-nal kinase(JNK),p-JNK,p38 mitogen activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK),p-p38MAPK,nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB),p-NF-κB,nuclear factor-κB inhibitory protein(IκBα),p-IκBα in MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway were detected by Western blot(WB).Results Resveratrol group showed reduced tissue edema and decreased alveolar bone resorp-tion.Among them,the high-dose resveratrol group had lighter tissue edema and weaker bone resorption compared to the low-dose group.The micro CT results showed that significant changes in the bone level around the implant were observed in the model group mice at four sites:proximal,distal,buccal,and palatal.High dose resveratrol intervention reduced al-veolar bone resorption(P＜0.05);compared with the low-dose group,the high-dose group showed a decrease in palatal bone resorption(P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference in absorption between the mesial,distal,and buccal sides(P＞0.05).The ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the gingival crevicular fluid of mice in the low-dose and high-dose resveratrol groups were lower(P＜0.05).The IL-6 in the gingival crevicular fluid of mice in the high-dose resveratrol group was lower than that in the low-dose group(P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference in TNF-α levels between the two groups.HE staining showed a decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration in mice after treatment with resveratrol.The WB results showed that compared with the con-trol group,the expression levels of p-Erk,p-JNK,p-p38MAPK,p-IκA,and p-NF-κB phosphorylated proteins in the gingi-val tissue of the model group mice were significantly increased(P＜0.01).The resveratrol treatment group significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of p-Erk,p-JNK,p-p38MAPK,p-IκA,and p-NF-κB proteins.Compared with the low-dose group,the high-dose group inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway related proteins more sig-nificantly(P＜0.05).Conclusion Resveratrol protect ligature induced peri-implantitis murine model,which may be re-lated to its inhibition of phosphorylation of MAPKs/NF-κB pathway.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of 2, 3-Butanedione (BUT) in the air of workplace, which including the process of collection by absorption in phosphoric acid aqueous solution and the process of analysis and detection by high performance liquid chromatography with derivatization.Methods:In October 2022, a porous glass plate absorption tube containing 10 ml of 0.01% phosphoric acid solution was used to collect BUT in the air of the workplace at a flow rate of 0.2 L/min. The absorption solution was derived by 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine for 75 min and separated on a SB-C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) . At the column temperature of 30 ℃, the mixture of acetonitrile-water ( V∶ V, 1∶1) was eluted at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. It was detected by UV detector (λ=365 nm) , qualitatived by retention time and quantitatived by external standard. Results:It showed that BUT in phosphoric acid aqueous solution could be stored for at least 7 d at 4 ℃. There was a linear relationship within the determination range of 0.05-6.00 μg/ml, the linear regression equation was y=89.610 x+0.133, r=0.9999. The sampling absorption efficiencies were 98.33%-100.00%, the detection limit of the method was 0.005 μg/ml, the minimum detection concentration was 0.016 mg/m 3 (based on V0=3.0 L) . The recovery rates were 95.96%-102.44%, the intra batch precision were 4.36%-7.78%, and the inter batch precision were 4.96%-6.06%. Conclusion:The method has the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity and good accuracy. It can prevent the loss and degradation of BUT. It can be used for the determination of BUT in the air of workplace.

Robotic surgery has evolved to be a separate field, with enormous potential for future development in plastic surgery. In the past decade, surgical robots have been increasingly used in the areas of craniomaxillofacial surgery, reconstructive surgery, microsurgery, hair reconstructive surgery, and so on. Technical advantages of robotic surgery, such as 3D vision, stable and magnified image, physiologic tremor filtering, and motion scaling, have been considered as improvement over traditional minimally invasive surgery. Surgeon ergonomics, instrument precision and patients’ postoperative recovery were all objectively improved. However, specialized instruments and equipment, high cost, and lack of haptic feedback are the main limiting factors for the widespread adoption of robotics at present. This review summarizes the development of the robot-assisted techniques, including its outcomes, advantages and disadvantages in plastic surgery in recent years. Finally, the possibilities of combining surgical robots with artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR), 5G and other new technologies are also summarized.

Objective:To investigate the effect of the ratio of the maximum diameter of aneurysm sac to age (R) on the long-term efficacy of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and open surgical repair (OSR) in patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (IAAA).Methods:This is a retrospective cohort study.The clinical data of 317 patients with IAAA who underwent surgical repair in the Department of Vascular Surgery,the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from January 2016 to October 2022 were retrospectively collected.There were 266 males and 51 females,aged (69.7±8.3) years (range:37 to 87 years).The R value of the patient was calculated and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to establish a model to calculate the optimal cut-off value.The propensity score matching method was used to match the baseline data of patients in the EVAR and OSR group by 3∶1 (the caliper value was 0.05),and the patients were stratified according to the cutoff value of R, and the postoperative efficacy and survival of the patients were analyzed.The primary endpoint was the total mortality rate,and the secondary endpoints included the occurrence of postoperative complications and reintervention.Pearson χ2 or Fisher ′s exact test was used for categorical variables, and independent sample t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for continuous variables to compare differences between groups.The survival curves of the two groups were described by Kaplan-Meier method. Results:After propensity score matching,198 cases were in the EVAR group and 66 cases were in the OSR group.The ROC model showed that the best cut-off value of R value was 0.90,and the two groups were divided into two layers:R<0.90 and R≥0.90.Among them,112 patients with R<0.90 (84 cases of EVAR,28 cases of OSR);there were 152 patients with R≥0.90 (114 cases of EVAR and 38 cases of OSR).The follow-up time was (23.6±1.6) months (range:1 to 70 months).In the R≥0.90 stratification,the total mortality (26.3% vs.5.3%, χ2=7.600， P=0.006),complication rate (44.7% vs.26.3%, χ2=4.025， P=0.045), and secondary intervention rate (31.6% vs.13.2%, χ2=4.910， P=0.027) in the EVAR group were higher than those in the OSR group.In the R<0.90 stratification,there was no significant difference in the total mortality rate (13.1% vs.10.7%, χ2=0.109， P=0.741), complication rate (28.6% vs.35.7%, χ2=0.507， P=0.477) and secondary intervention rate (14.3% vs.21.4%, χ2=0.353， P=0.552) between the two groups. Conclusions:When R≥0.90 in IAAA patients,OSR maybe more beneficial to patients in terms of survival rate,postoperative complication rate and secondary intervention rate than EVAR.When R<0.90,there are no significant differences in survival rate,complication rate and secondary intervention rate between the two surgical methods.

Objective:To assess the predictive value of a combined multiclassification model for computed tomography(CT)in the patholo-gical analysis of ground-glass nodules(GGN).Methods:Pulmonary GGN lesions that were pathologically confirmed as invasive adenocar-cinoma(IAC),minimally invasive adenocarcinoma(MIA),adenocarcinoma in situ(AIS),and preinvasive lesions(PILs),were collected from pa-tients who were treated at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University between February 2019 and March 2023.A total of 324 nodules were retrospectively collected from 285 patients,and divided into three groups:infiltrating IAC,MIA,and PILs.Radiomics and clinical-CT features were selected through recursive feature elimination and univariate Logistic regression.Seven models were constructed using Logistic regression(LR),support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF),and integrative learning(stacking).Results:The hybrid model combining clinical-CT-radiomics features and an integrative strategy showed superior predictive performance,with an accuracy of 0.791,precision of 0.788,specificity of 0.857,recall of 0.790,and F1-Score of 0.789.Conclusions:The multiclassification joint model based on CT-radiomics is effective in predicting pathological classification of pulmonary GGNs.This model aids in accurate imaging diagnosis and can provide a basis for optimizing treatment plans.

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous cryoablation in treating malignant liver tumors located explicitly at high-risk sites.Methods:Data were collected retrospectively from patients with malignant liver tumors undergoing percutaneous cryoablation at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital between January 2018 and December 2021. In all, 46 patients with malignant liver tumors at non-high-risk sites were matched 1∶1 according to the maximum tumor diameter. Technical success rate, complete ablation rate, and complications at 12 and 24 months post-surgery were evaluated. A statistical analysis of the ablation effect difference between the high-risk site and non-high-risk site groups was conducted. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors.Results:Both groups demonstrated a 100% intraoperative technical success rate, and no major complications related to cryoablation were observed. The complete ablation rate was 82.6% (38/46) and 71.7% (33/46) in the high-risk group and 84.8% (39/46) and 73.9% (34/46) in the non-high-risk group at 12 and 24 months, respectively. There was no significant difference in complete ablation rates between the two groups ( P>0.05). Multivariate analysis identified the distance between the tumor edge and high-risk site ≤5 mm and preoperative trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment as independent risk factors for cryoablation effect. Conclusion:CT-guided percutaneous cryoablation is a safe and effective approach for patients with malignant liver tumor at high-risk sites. Our results emphasize the importance of proper preoperative planning and intraoperative manipulation.