OBJECTIVE To provide a detailed report and interpretation of the method and results for determining the weights of the technical indicators from the “multi-dimensional and multi-criteria comprehensive evaluation index system （first edition）” stated in Guideline for Multi-dimensional and Multi-criteria Comprehensive Evaluation of Chinese Patent Medicine. METHODS Normalization calculations were performed on the comprehensive weight values calculated by the analytic hierarchy process and expert weighting method to obtain the objective weights of the indicators. RESULTS The weight results of the six primary dimensions in the current comprehensive evaluation indicator system of Chinese patent medicine showed effectiveness dimension＞ safety dimension＞standard dimension＞application dimension＞scientific dimension＞economic dimension， with weight values of 0.281 0， 0.268 5， 0.195 8， 0.107 3， 0.096 1 and 0.051 3 respectively， consistent with the results of most researches currently. CONCLUSIONS The process of weight determination in this indicator system is scientifically reasonable， with clear methods and clear interpretations， and is worthy of further optimization and widespread application.

The irrational use of Chinese patent medicines （CPM） is becoming more and more prominent， which makes the demand for clinical practice guidelines of CPM gradually increase. In order to make domestic scholars understand the latest developments and existing problems of the CPM guidelines， and promote its development， this paper introduced the concept of CPM guidelines， summarized the characteristics of the two development modes， namely “taking CPM as the key” and “taking disease/syndrome as the key”， and analyzed the current methodological status of developing and reporting CPM guidelines. Based on the existed problems， three suggestions have been put forward to optimize the quality of CPM guidelines， which were clarifying the target users and scope of CPM guidelines， establishing an open and transparent mechanism of the personnel involvement and process steps， and formulating implementable and operable recommendations for the use of CPM.

This paper summarized the key points and methods in terms of the establishment of the guideline working group and the management of conflict of interests， trying to provide reference for the development of clinical practice guidelines for Chinese patent medicine （CPM）. The establishment of the working group is the first important step for developing CPM guidelines. Considering the characteristics of the clinical practice guidelines for CPM， this study suggests that the three key elements of ‘multidisciplinarity’， ‘clinical relevance’ and ‘geographical representativeness’ should be put focus on when forming the working group. The guideline advisory committee， clinical expert group， evidence systematic evaluation group， secretary group and the external review group should be established. All group members should clarify the conflict of interest， and the process and management method of the conflict of interest should be clearly reported.

The systematic and comprehensive introduction and interpretation of the Reporting Checklist of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicines V1.0 is conducive to the presentation of high-quality clinical practice guidelines for Chinese patent medicines （CPMs）， thus improving their dissemination and use. The Reporting Checklist of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chinese Patent Medicines V1.0 specifies the requirements for clear， complete and transparent reporting of the whole process of developing CPMs guidelines， containing 4 domains， 17 topics and 43 items， and involving the basic information， recommendations and methods of guideline development. Especially， it details the items related to the rules and regulations of the use of CPMs in the recommendations， which is helpful for improving the completeness， scientificity and practicality of the reporting of CPMs guideline.

Objective The purpose is to sort out the key steps and core indicators of priority setting for health technology assessment,and provide references for the research of priority setting for health technology assessment in China.Methods To search information from the official website of the World Health Organization,the websites of international health technology assessment agencies/organizations,and CNKI,Wanfang,Pubmed,Embase and other databases related for the setting of health technology assessment priority topics,and the key steps and core indicators of the setting of priority topics were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis.Results 21 priority setting schemes for health technology assessment were finally incorporated,and the key steps were extracted to set indicators for collecting evaluations.Ratings and rankings and review decisions.The core indicators are disease burden,economic impact and clinical/health impact.Conclusion The key steps and core indicators of international priority setting provide rich practical experience for China's health technology assessment priority setting,which should be actively used for reference to promote evidence-based and scientific decision-making of health technology assessment in China.

To reduce the subjectivity and uncertainty present in the current international methods of drug value pricing when converting value into monetary prices,based on the hedonic pricing theory,it considers the post-negotiation price between manufacturers and payers as a reasonable price reference in the value pricing of Chinese patent medicine.By constructing an indicator system for the characteristics of Chinese patent medicine,it selects and measures the value characteristic variables that affect the price of Chinese patent medicine.It serves as the theoretical foundation and research basis for establishing a Hedonic price model between characteristic price variables and negotiation prices,thereby promoting the enhancement of rationality and objectivity in value-guided pricing of Chinese patent medicine.

Objective The purpose is to sort out the key steps and core indicators of priority setting for health technology assessment,and provide references for the research of priority setting for health technology assessment in China.Methods To search information from the official website of the World Health Organization,the websites of international health technology assessment agencies/organizations,and CNKI,Wanfang,Pubmed,Embase and other databases related for the setting of health technology assessment priority topics,and the key steps and core indicators of the setting of priority topics were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis.Results 21 priority setting schemes for health technology assessment were finally incorporated,and the key steps were extracted to set indicators for collecting evaluations.Ratings and rankings and review decisions.The core indicators are disease burden,economic impact and clinical/health impact.Conclusion The key steps and core indicators of international priority setting provide rich practical experience for China's health technology assessment priority setting,which should be actively used for reference to promote evidence-based and scientific decision-making of health technology assessment in China.

The lack of direct evidence is an important problem faced in the formation of recommendations in rapid living guidelines of traditional Chinese medicine under public health emergencies， and the supplementation of indirect evidence can be a key method to solve this problem. For the collection of evidence， the type of evidence required， including direct and indirect evidence， should be clarified， and ‘direct first’ principle for selecting evidence can be set to standardize and accelerate the guideline development. When integrating evidence， recommendations can be formed directly if there is sufficient direct evidence， while regarding insufficient direct evidence， recommendations need to be supplemented and improved by integrating indirect evidence. In addition， when the body of evidence contains evidence from multiple sources， it is suggested to rate the evidence according to “higher rather than lower” principle. Finally， when forming recommendations， the level of evidence， safety and economic efficiency should be taken into consideration to determine the strength of the recommendation.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of serum high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1),soluble CD163(sCD163),and prostaglandin E2(PGE2)in patients with hepatitis B virus-related chronic-on-acute liver failure(HBV-ACLF),and to evaluate the value of the three indicators used alone or in combination in predicting prognosis.Methods A total of 76 patients with HBV-ACLF who were hospitalized in Department of Infectious Diseases,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University,from July 1,2022 to September 30,2023 were enrolled,and according to the 28-day prognosis,they were divided into survival group with 48 patients and death group with 28 patients.General data were collected,Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD)score was calculated,and ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of HMGB1,sCD163,and PGE2.The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups,and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups;the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups.The Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation of HMGB1,sCD163,and PGE2 with MELD score;the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the value of HMGB1,sCD163,and PGE2 used alone or in combination in predicting the prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients.Results There were significant differences between the two groups in total bilirubin,white blood cell count,the percentage of neutrophils,procalcitonin,serum amyloid A,interleukin-6,serum sodium,and serum creatinine(all P＜0.05).Compared with the survival group,the death group had significantly higher serum levels of HMGB1(Z=-2.997,P=0.003)and sCD163(Z=-2.972,P=0.003),a significantly higher MELD score(t=-6.997,P＜0.001),and a significantly lower serum level of PGE2(Z=-4.909,P＜0.001).The Spearman rank correlation test showed that HMGB1 and sCD163 were positively correlated with MELD score(r=0.431 and 0.319,both P＜0.05),while PGE2 was negatively correlated with MELD score(r=-0.412,P＜0.05).The ROC curve analysis showed that HMGB1,sCD163,and PGE2 used alone had an area under the ROC curve(AUC)of 0.717,0.716,and 0.856,respectively,while the combination of the three indicators had the highest predictive value,with an AUC of 0.930,a sensitivity of 0.778,and a specificity of 0.920.Conclusion Serum HMGB1,sCD163,and PGE2 used alone or in combination have a good reference value in predicting the prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients,and the combination of the three indicators has the highest predictive value,which holds promise for further observation and research.

The clinical practice guidelines of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） have problems such as limited clinical application and unclear implementation effects， which may be related to the lack of clinical practice evidence. To provide reliable and precise evidence for clinical practice， this article proposes a model of combining TCM guidelines with real-world study， which includes 4 steps. Firstly， during the implementation process of the guidelines， a high-quality research database is established. Secondly， the recommendations in the guidelines are evaluated based on the established database in multiple dimensions， including applicability， effectiveness， safety， and cost-effectiveness， and thus their effectiveness in practical applications can be determined. Thirdly， based on the established database， core prescriptions are identified， and the targeted populations and medication plans are determined. That is， the best treatment regimen is established based on the analysis of abundant clinical data regarding the effects of different medication frequencies， dosages， and duration on efficacy. Fourthly， the guidelines are updated according to the real-world evidence. The research based on this model can provide real-world evidence for ancient and empirical prescriptions， improving their application in clinical practice. Moreover， this model can reduce research costs and improve research efficiency. When applying this model， researchers need to pay attention to the quality of real-world evidence， ensuring that it can truly reflect the situation in clinical practice. In addition， importance should be attached to the clinical application of guideline recommendations， ensuring that doctors can conduct standardized diagnosis and treatment according to the guidelines. Finally， full-process participation of multidisciplinary experts is encouraged to ensure the comprehensiveness and scientificity of the study. In conclusion， the application of this model will contribute to the development of TCM guidelines responsive to the needs of clinical practice and achieve the goal of promoting the homogenization of TCM clinical diagnosis and treatment.