Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of salidroside on1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease(PD)in mice.Methods C57BL/6J mice were induced by MPTP to establish a PD mouse model and the movement track of mice was re-corded by open field experiment.The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH),α-synuclein(α-syn),nuclear factor E2 associated factor 2(Nrf2)and quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1)were detected by immunohistochemistry in brain tissue of mice.SN4741 cells were stimulated by MPTP to establish a PD cell model in vitro.MPTP stimulation of SN4741 cells to establish an in vitro cell mod-el of PD.After pretreatment with salidroside,TUNEL was used to detect cell apoptosis in each group.The expressions of TH,α-syn,Nrf2 and NQO1 were detected by immunofluorescence.Nrf2 expres-sion was knocked down by being transfected with si-RNA,and apoptosis condition was detected by TUNEL assay.The expression levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and interleukin-18(IL-18)protein in brain tissue extract and cell culture were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The open field experiment results showed that salidroside could improve 3 min total distance of activity,average speed and activity track of PD mice(P＜0.05).Compared with the PD model mice,the salidroside treated mice showed significantly increased expression of TH,Nrf2 and NQO1 in the brain,and reduced expression of IL-18,α-Syn,IL-1β.Compared with the MPTP stimulated cells,the salidroside pretreatment group showed a decrease in cell apoptosis and an increase in the expressions of TH,Nrf2 and NQO1,but reduced expressions in α-Syn,IL-1β and IL-18.After si-RNA knockdown of Nrf2 expression,the protective effect of salidroside on MPTP stimulated cells weakened or even disappeared.Conclusion Salidroside may alleviate neuronal apoptosis by activating Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway,which is expected to be a new drug for PD treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of salidroside on1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease(PD)in mice.Methods C57BL/6J mice were induced by MPTP to establish a PD mouse model and the movement track of mice was re-corded by open field experiment.The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH),α-synuclein(α-syn),nuclear factor E2 associated factor 2(Nrf2)and quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1)were detected by immunohistochemistry in brain tissue of mice.SN4741 cells were stimulated by MPTP to establish a PD cell model in vitro.MPTP stimulation of SN4741 cells to establish an in vitro cell mod-el of PD.After pretreatment with salidroside,TUNEL was used to detect cell apoptosis in each group.The expressions of TH,α-syn,Nrf2 and NQO1 were detected by immunofluorescence.Nrf2 expres-sion was knocked down by being transfected with si-RNA,and apoptosis condition was detected by TUNEL assay.The expression levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and interleukin-18(IL-18)protein in brain tissue extract and cell culture were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The open field experiment results showed that salidroside could improve 3 min total distance of activity,average speed and activity track of PD mice(P＜0.05).Compared with the PD model mice,the salidroside treated mice showed significantly increased expression of TH,Nrf2 and NQO1 in the brain,and reduced expression of IL-18,α-Syn,IL-1β.Compared with the MPTP stimulated cells,the salidroside pretreatment group showed a decrease in cell apoptosis and an increase in the expressions of TH,Nrf2 and NQO1,but reduced expressions in α-Syn,IL-1β and IL-18.After si-RNA knockdown of Nrf2 expression,the protective effect of salidroside on MPTP stimulated cells weakened or even disappeared.Conclusion Salidroside may alleviate neuronal apoptosis by activating Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway,which is expected to be a new drug for PD treatment.

Background::Joint dislocations significantly impact public health. However, a comprehensive study on the incidence, distribution, and risk factors for joint dislocations in China is lacking. We conducted the China National Joint Dislocation Study, which is a part of the China National Fracture Study conducted to obtain the national incidence and risk factors for traumatic fractures, and to investigate the incidence and risk factors for joint dislocations.Methods::For this national retrospective epidemiological study, 512,187 participants were recruited using stratified random sampling and probability-proportional-to-size method from January 19 to May 16, 2015. Participants who sustained joint dislocations of the trunk, arms, or legs (skull, sternum, and ribs being excluded) in 2014 were personally interviewed to obtain data on age, educational background, ethnic origin, occupation, geographic region, and urbanization degree. The joint-dislocation incidence was calculated based on age, sex, body site, and demographic factors. The risk factors for different groups were examined using multiple logistic regression.Results::One hundred and nineteen participants sustained 121 joint dislocations in 2014. The population-weighted incidence rate of joint dislocations of the trunk, arms, or legs was 0.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16, 0.27) per 1000 population in 2014 (men, 0.27 [0.20, 0.34]; women, 0.16 [0.10, 0.23]). For all ages, previous dislocation history (male: OR 42.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.03–148.90; female: OR 54.43, 95% CI: 17.37–170.50) and alcohol consumption (male: OR 3.50, 95% CI: 1.49–8.22; female: OR 2.65, 95% CI: 1.08–6.50) were risk factors for joint dislocation. Sleeping less than 7 h/day was a risk factor for men. Compared with children, women aged ≥15 years (female 15–64 years: OR 0.16, 95% CI: 0.04–0.61; female ≥65 years: OR 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01–0.41) were less likely to sustain joint dislocations. Women with more than three children were at higher dislocation risk than women without children (OR 6.92, 95% CI: 1.18–40.78).Conclusions::The up-to-date data on joint dislocation incidence, distribution, and risk factors can be used as a reference for national healthcare, prevention, and management in China. Specific strategies for decreasing alcohol consumption and encouraging adequate sleeping hours should be developed to prevent or reduce dislocation incidents.Trial Registration::Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-EPR-15005878.

Objective:To explore the application and effect of autologous cartilage in rhinoplasty for patients with traumatic hernia and nasal dysfunction.Methods:From January 2017 to April 2019,30 patients with nasal trauma admitted to Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University were treated for 6 days to 14 years. All patients were accompanied by different degrees of nasal deformity and nasal ventilatory disorders. They were classified into three categories: light, medium and heavy. All of them were open at the same time. Rhinoplasty and nasal septum deviation correction. For mild to moderate nasal deformity and nasal ventilatory disorders, ear cartilage was used to modify the tip of the nose and strengthen the nasal septal cartilage support to modify the deformity of the nasal back. For severe nasal deformity and nasal ventilatory disorders, we engraved the costal cartilage into a "Y" shaped monolithic stent or flank costal cartilage to form a 2+1 or 4+1 stent, and the costal cartilage stent and the septal cartilage tail end were sutured. Reshape the nasal septum frame support and the nasal column to avoid collapse of the nose.Results:Three patients had a septal hematoma after operation and recovered normally after cleansing. All patients were followed up for 2 months to 2 years, and no complications such as nasal septum perforation and nasal bridge collapse occurred. The postoperative cure rate was 60.0% (18/30). All patients had a grade I nasal drop after surgery, and the effective rate was 100% (30/30). The patient′s preoperative measurement deviation was (6.85±2.43) mm, the postoperative measurement deviation was (2.4±1.58) mm, the preoperative nasal appearance VAS score was (1.93±1.31), and the postoperative nasal appearance VAS score was (6.60±1.16), the difference in facial appearance deviation and VAS score before and after surgery was statistically significant ( P<0.05). All patients had improved nasal ventilation after operation. The preoperative nasal ventilation VAS score was (1.97±1.07), the postoperative nasal ventilation VAS score was (6.53±1.04), and the difference between preoperative and postoperative nasal ventilation VAS scores was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Autologous cartilage is effective in rhinoplasty in patients with traumatic nasal contraction and nasal dysfunction. One stage open rhinoplasty and nasal septum deviation surgery are performed to shorten the treatment time and improve the nasal appearance and nasal ventilation function. The patients got satisfaction.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia among adults in the southern mountains of Ningxia Hui Aulonomous Region. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among a representative sample of 10 639 adults in the southern mountains using a population proportionate-sampling method in 2014. Questionnaires were completed and physical and laboratory examinations were performed. A total of 10 172 subjects were included in the analysis after excluding those with missing data. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed according to "Chinese guidelines for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in adults" (2007). Results: The prevalence of dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was 33.90%, 0.30%, 12.52%, 28.53%, and 1.14%, and the age-specific prevalence was 32.42%, 0.29%, 10.97%, 27.70%, and 1.07%, respectively. Borderline high triglycerides and borderline increased LDL-C were found in 13.09% and 6.52% of the study population, respectively. The rates of hypertriglyceridemia, decreased HDL-C, and dyslipidemia were higher in males than in females (P<0.05). The prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in the group characterized by the risk factors of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hyperuricemia, smoking, and drinking, compared to those without these factors (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in men than in women, and the differences were statistically significant. Hypertriglyceridemia and decreased HDL-C were the two major types of dyslipidemia. Obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hyperuricemia, smoking, and drinking alcohol increased the risk of dyslipidemia.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk factors in Jingyuan county of Ningxia Autonomous Region.Methods The population proportionate sampling method was applied to enroll a representative sample of 10 639 adults in Jingyuan county and the study was conducted using questionnaires and physical examinations.A total of 10 553 people were included in the analysis after excluding those with missing data.High-resolution ultrasound was used to examine the liver and fasting blood was collected in the morning for measurement of blood glucose,blood lipid,and uric acid.The participants were divided into two groups of those with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease;the difference in blood biochemical indexes between fatty liver and non-fatty liver groups was compared,and the logistic regression model was used to explore the risk factors affecting the prevalence of fatty liver.Results The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was 7.60％.The prevalence of thyroid nodules was higher in men than in women (8.60％ vs.6.82％,x2=1 1.772,P=0.001).The prevalence rate of fatty liver increased with age (x2=57.336,P＜0.001),the prevalence rates among ≥18 years-＜29 years,≥30 years-＜39 years,≥40years-＜49 years,≥50 years-＜59 years,≥60 years-＜69 years,and above 70 years were 2.92％,6.50％,8.81％,9.59％,8.08％,and 4.77％ respectively.The detection rate of overweight,obesity,abdominal obesity,impaired fasting glucose,impaired glucose tolerance,diabetes,hypertension,hyperuricemia,and dyslipidemia were higher in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group than in the normal group (P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group had a higher risk for overweight,obesity,abdominal obesity,impaired fasting glucose,impaired glucose tolerance,diabetes,hypertension,hyperurcemia,and dyslipidemia (OR=5.41,12.45,2.99,1.85,2.05,3.30,1.41,2.23,and 1.98).Conclusion The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver in Jingyuan county of Ningxia Autonomous Region was higher.The groups of overweight,obesity,abdominal obesity,impaired fasting glucose,impaired glucose tolerance,diabetes,hypertension,hyperuricemia,and dyslipidemia were high risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Objective To investigate the prevalences of the obesity and hypertension in southern mountain regions of Ningxia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among a representative sample of 10 639 adults using questionnaires, physical examinations, and blood pressure measurement in southern mountain areas with a population proportionate sampling method. Results The prevalences of overweight,obesity,central obesity,high percentage of body fat,and hypertension were 33.53%,10.71%,19.50%,27.69%,and 31.57% respectively, which were 30.31%,9.62%,16.70%,24.90%,and 27.61% after age-adjustment in rural areas of Ningxia,and increased with aging(Ptrend<0.05). The prevalences of overweight,obesity,and hypertension were higher in males than those in females(P<0.05),and that of central obesity was higher in females than in males(P=0.003).The prevalences of hypertension in subjects with overweight, obesity, central obesity, high percentage of body fat were 38. 14%, 53.75%,52.69%,and 48.90%,respectively. Body mass index,waist circumference,and percentage of body fat were positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure(P<0.05). The multivariable logistic model revealed that the risk of hypertension in different types of obesity increased about 1.5 times. Conclusion There is high prevalence of obesity and hypertension among the adults in southern mountain areas of Ningxia. The prevalence of hypertension in obesity,central obesity,and high percentage of body fat is closed to or more than half of the population investigated.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological features and trends of supracondylar humeral fractures from 2003 to 2012 at The Third Affiliated Hospital to Hebei Medical University.Methods The data of the patients with supracondylar humeral fracture who had been treated between 2003 and 2012 at our hospital were collected through the PACS system and case reports checking system.The data between 2003 and 2007 were classified as group A and those between 2008 and 2012 as group B.The data concerning gender,age and fracture type were statistically analyzed and compared between the 2 groups.Results Atotalof3,111 supracondylar humeral fractures were treated,accounting for54.4％ (3,111/5,723) of the distal humeral fractures,34.8％ (3,111/8,932) of the elbow fractures and 2.5％ (3,111/126,479) of the total fractures.They were 2,018 males (64.9％) and 1,093 females (35.1％).The age range from 1 to 10 years obtained the highest constitute ratio for both genders,77.0％ (1,554/2,018) for males and 78.2％ (854/1,093) for females.The extension type and flexion type had 2,693 (86.6％) and 418 (13.4％) cases,respectively,and their male to female ratios were 2.0:1 and 1.2:1 respectively,all showing significant differences (P ＜ 0.001).There were 1,902 cases in group A and 1,209 cases in group B,accounting for 60.0％ (1,902/3,168) and 47.3％ (1,209/2,555) of the distal humeral fractures,41.4％ (1,902/4,199) and 27.9％ (1,209/4,333) of the elbow fractures,and 2.9％ (1,902/65,267) and 2.0％ (1,209/61,212) of the total fractures,respectively,all showing significant differences between groups (P ＜ 0.001).The male to female ratio was 1.9:1 for group A and 1.8:1 for group B,showing an insignificant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The age range from 1 to 10 years had a constitute ratio of 75.0％ (1,426/1,902) for group A and that of 81.2％ (982/1,209) for group B,showing a significant difference (P ＜ 0.001).The proportion of extension type was 85.4％ (1,624/1,902) for group A and 88.4％ (1,069/1,209) for group B,showing a significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The current investigation has revealed the epidemiological features and trends of supracondylar humeral fractures which had been treated between 2003 and 2012.They were mostly seen in children from 1 to 10 years old.The extension type predominated.Compared with the first 5 years,the proportion of age range from 1 to 10 years and the extension type increased in the latter 5 years.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among adults in rural areas of Ningxia Hui autonomous region.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 639 adults enrolled with a multistage method from Jingyuan County.The MS was identified according to Chinese type 2 diabetes prevention guide (2013).Results Among all the subjects, 17.4% of them met the MS definition with the standardized prevalence of 14.7% after adjustment of sex and age.The prevalence and standardized rate of MS in men were 19.9% and 17.3%, and in women were 15.3% and 13.5%.The prevalence of MS in men was higher than that in women(P<0.001) and increased with aging in both genders.The prevalence and standardized rate of abdominal obesity,hyperglycemia,hypertension,high triglycerides,and low HDL-C were 19.5% and 16.7%, 15.0% and 12.9%, 42.0% and 37.1%, 25.8% and 23.1%, 28.5% and 27.7%,respectively.The rate of abdominal obesity was higher in women than in men (20.5% vs 18.2%, P=0.004), whereas the rate of hypertension, high triglycerides, and low HDL-C were higher in men than in women (all P<0.01).The prevalence of having one parameter of the MS was 68.4%.Conclusion The prevalence of MS is higher in rural areas of Ningxia Hui autonomous region, suggesting that a series of comprehensive prevention measures should be carried out to prevent and control the MS so as to improve the public health conditions in rural areas.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules and thyroid dysfunction in southern mountainouss areas of Ningxia.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among a representative sample of 10 639 adults in Jingyuan county with a population proportionate sampling method.High-resolution ultrasound was used to examine the thyroid and fasting blood specimens were collected in the morning for measurement of TSH,FT4,FT3.Chi-square test and spearman rank correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results The prevalence of thyroid nodules was 29.08％,the sex-and age-adjusted rate was 27.17％.The prevalence of thyroid nodules was higher in women than in men (32.68％ vs.24.88％,x2=76.029 2,P＜0.001) and age was positively associated with thyroid nodules (r=0.272,P＜0.001).The rate of thyroid dysfunetion,subclinical hypothyroidism,subclinical hyperthyroidism,hypothyroidism,hyperthyroidism were 17.39％,13.00％,0.42％,0.96％,3.01％,respectively.The prevalence of thyroid nodules was higher in abnormal TSH group than in normal TSH group (39.44％ vs.27.24％,x2=95.624 0,P＜0.001).The level of THS,FT3,FT4 in thyroid nodules group differed fromn control group (Z=-9.144,P＜0.001;Z=-6.140,P＜0.001;Z=-1.997,P=0.046).Conclusion The prevalence of thyroid nodules and thyroid dysfunction were higher in southern mountainous areas of Ningxia.The relationship between thyroid nodules and thyroid function needs further research.We should pay attention to the early screening and diagnosis of thyroid nodules in mountainous areas.