Objective:To investigate the effect of long-term oral aspirin on the changes in the aneurysm sac and persistent type Ⅱ endoleak after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms based on propensity score-matched analysis.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was used to analyze the clinical data of 133 patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms treated with EVAR from January 2019 to December 2021 in the Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. There were 113 males and 20 females, aged (74.8±7.2) years (range: 59 to 95 years). Patients were divided into the group receiving aspirin ( n=80) and the group not taking aspirin ( n=53) based on whether they took aspirin regularly for a long time after surgery. The two groups were matched in a 1∶1 ratio using propensity score matching and the caliper value was 0.05. Cumulative probability curve was plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Log-rank test was used to compare the differences in primary endpoint events (enlargement of the aneurysm sac, occurrence of persistent type Ⅱ endoleak) and secondary endpoint events (adverse cardiovascular events and clinically relevant bleeding events) between the two groups. Results:The follow-up time was (38.4±11.8) months (range: 30 to 58 months). Among the 133 patients, a total of 25 cases (18.8%) suffered enlargement of the aneurysm sac, including 20 cases in the group receiving aspirin and 5 cases in the group not taking aspirin; 35 cases (26.3%) suffered persistent type Ⅱ endoleak, including 26 cases in the group receiving aspirin and 9 cases in the group not taking aspirin. Adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 11 cases (8.3%) and clinically relevant bleeding events were reported in 5 cases (3.8%). A matched cohort was established after propensity score matching, resulting in 32 cases per group. The survival analysis found that the rate of aneurysm sac enlargement was significantly higher in the group receiving aspirin than that in the group not taking aspirin (Log-rank test: P=0.010), and the incidence of persistent type Ⅱ endoleak was significantly higher than that in the group not taking aspirin (Log-rank test: P=0.019). The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events and clinically relevant bleeding events were not significantly different in two groups (Log-rank test: P=0.061, P=0.286). Conclusions:The risk of aneurysm sac expansion and persistent type Ⅱ endoleak were significantly higher in patients taking long-term aspirin after EVAR than in the group not taking asprin. Therefore, high-risk abdominal aortic aneurysm patients who are prone to aneurysm sac expansion should be evaluated in advance so that the risks and benefits of surgery can be comprehensively evaluated and treatment strategies can be optimized.

Objective:To analyze the drug resistance characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the nasopharynx of hospitalized patients in North China from 2022 to 2023. Methods:From November 2022 to July 2023, nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 100 inpatients in Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, and Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated and cultured. At the same time, the clinical data of the patients were collected, including gender, age, department, clinical diagnosis of disease type, etc. The minimum inhibitory concentration of strains was detected by an automatic bacterial drug sensitivity system. The drug resistance genes, ST types, capsule serotypes and population structure of the strains were analyzed by whole genome sequencing and data analysis. Results:Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from 55 nasopharyngeal swabs of 100 inpatients(55.00%). Among the 55 inpatients with Klebsiella pneumoniae in the nasopharynx, 70.91% (39/55) were male, with an age distribution concentrated between 61 and 80 years old (58.18%, 32/55), and 50.91% (28/55) were in intensive care units (ICU). The main underlying disease type was nervous system disease (49.09%, 27/55). The results of drug sensitivity showed that the non-susceptibility rates of 55 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae to cephalosporins, quinolones, aztreonam and nitrofurantoin were all more than 80.00%. Twenty-eight carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (50.91%), 47 extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing strains (85.45%), and 48 multi-drug-resistant strains (87.27%) were detected. A total of 11 antibiotic resistance genes were detected, including carbapenems (carrying rate 76.36%) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (carrying rate 96.36%). The 55 strains could be divided into 17 ST types, and the most common type was ST11 (25.45%). The 55 strains were divided into 18 capsular serotypes, among which K102 was the most prevalent (23.64%). OXA-1_ST307_K102 (21.82%) and KPC-2_ST5492_K125 (18.18%) were the dominant clones, distributed in the Department of Neurosurgery and ICU. The result of whole genome sequence analysis showed that there were four clusters with high homology among the 55 strains. The strains from the ICU formed two independent clusters, and strains from the Neurology ICU and Neurosurgery department formed one cluster respectively. Conclusion:The carrying rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the nasopharynx of inpatients is high, and the drug resistance of the strains is serious. There are many types of drug-resistant genes.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features of pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma).Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted. A total of 41 cases of pulmonary MALToma who were admitted to multiple centers from April 2002 to August 2023 were collected, including 33 cases from Fujian Provincial Hospital, 5 cases from Binzhou People's Hospital, 1 case from the Second Hospital of Zhangzhou, 1 case from the People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and 1 case from Jinjiang Hospital. The results of pathological morphological examination, immunohistochemical examination and genetic testing of patients were summarized, their clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed, and the relevant literature was reviewed.Results:Among the 41 patients, there were 24 males and 17 females, aged (58±13) years (range: 36-81 years). The longest diameter of the tumor under the gross macroscopic examination was (2.8±2.0) cm, with a range of 0.8-9.7 cm. Under the microscope, diffuse, flakelike and nodular patterns of lymphoid tissue were seen in the lung tissue with small- to medium-sized lymphoid cells including small lymphocytes, centrocyte-like cells, mononuclear cells and plasma cells. A small number of activated cells were noted, and the lymphoid cells grew along the alveoli. In some areas, the lymphoid cells invaded the bronchi, and lymphatic follicular implantation was rare; 1 case was accompanied by large cell transformation. Tumor cells expressed CD20, Pax-5, bcl-2, and CD43, with Ki-67 proliferation index of 2%-20%, and 50% in some areas of 1 case. The positive rate of clonal B-cell receptor gene rearrangement was 100.00% (29/29); the positive rate of MALT1 gene was 18.75% (3/16), and the positive rate of API2-MALT1 fusion was 66.67% (2/3). The treatment methods included surgery, anti-inflammatory therapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Follow-up for 4-143 months showed that 43.90% (18/41) had disease-free survival, 21.95% (9/41) had tumor bearing survival, 9.76% (4/41) died, and 24.39%, (10/41) were lost to follow-up. The progression-free survival of patients aged ≥ 60 years was worse than that of patients aged < 60 years ( χ2 = 5.39, P = 0.020). Conclusions:Pulmonary MALToma belongs to indolent B-cell lymphoma, and its diagnosis requires a combination of clinical imaging, pathology and immunophenotyping. If necessary, genetic testing can be used to assist in the diagnosis. The differential diagnosis should be made from pneumonia, low-grade B-cell lymphoma, and extrapulmonary MALToma with lung involvement. The treatment methods include anti-inflammatory therapy, surgical resection and chemotherapy, and the prognosis is good.

Acute kidney injury(AKI)remains a global public health problem with high incidence,high mortality rates,expensive medical costs,and limited treatment options.AKI can further progress to chronic kidney disease(CKD)and eventually end-stage renal disease(ESRD).Previous studies have shown that trauma,adverse drug reactions,surgery,and other factors are closely associated with AKI.With further in-depth exploration,the role of gut microbiota in AKI is gradually revealed.After AKI occurs,there are changes in the composition of gut microbiota,leading to disruption of the intestinal barrier,intestinal immune response,and bacterial translocation.Meanwhile,metabolites of gut microbiota can exacerbate the progression of AKI.Therefore,elucidating the specific mechanisms by which gut microbiota is involved in the occurrence and development of AKI can provide new insights from the perspective of intestinal microbiota for the prevention and treatment of AKI.

Objective:To investigate the effect of long-term oral aspirin on the changes in the aneurysm sac and persistent type Ⅱ endoleak after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms based on propensity score-matched analysis.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was used to analyze the clinical data of 133 patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms treated with EVAR from January 2019 to December 2021 in the Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. There were 113 males and 20 females, aged (74.8±7.2) years (range: 59 to 95 years). Patients were divided into the group receiving aspirin ( n=80) and the group not taking aspirin ( n=53) based on whether they took aspirin regularly for a long time after surgery. The two groups were matched in a 1∶1 ratio using propensity score matching and the caliper value was 0.05. Cumulative probability curve was plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Log-rank test was used to compare the differences in primary endpoint events (enlargement of the aneurysm sac, occurrence of persistent type Ⅱ endoleak) and secondary endpoint events (adverse cardiovascular events and clinically relevant bleeding events) between the two groups. Results:The follow-up time was (38.4±11.8) months (range: 30 to 58 months). Among the 133 patients, a total of 25 cases (18.8%) suffered enlargement of the aneurysm sac, including 20 cases in the group receiving aspirin and 5 cases in the group not taking aspirin; 35 cases (26.3%) suffered persistent type Ⅱ endoleak, including 26 cases in the group receiving aspirin and 9 cases in the group not taking aspirin. Adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 11 cases (8.3%) and clinically relevant bleeding events were reported in 5 cases (3.8%). A matched cohort was established after propensity score matching, resulting in 32 cases per group. The survival analysis found that the rate of aneurysm sac enlargement was significantly higher in the group receiving aspirin than that in the group not taking aspirin (Log-rank test: P=0.010), and the incidence of persistent type Ⅱ endoleak was significantly higher than that in the group not taking aspirin (Log-rank test: P=0.019). The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events and clinically relevant bleeding events were not significantly different in two groups (Log-rank test: P=0.061, P=0.286). Conclusions:The risk of aneurysm sac expansion and persistent type Ⅱ endoleak were significantly higher in patients taking long-term aspirin after EVAR than in the group not taking asprin. Therefore, high-risk abdominal aortic aneurysm patients who are prone to aneurysm sac expansion should be evaluated in advance so that the risks and benefits of surgery can be comprehensively evaluated and treatment strategies can be optimized.

Objective:To analyze the drug resistance characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the nasopharynx of hospitalized patients in North China from 2022 to 2023. Methods:From November 2022 to July 2023, nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 100 inpatients in Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, and Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated and cultured. At the same time, the clinical data of the patients were collected, including gender, age, department, clinical diagnosis of disease type, etc. The minimum inhibitory concentration of strains was detected by an automatic bacterial drug sensitivity system. The drug resistance genes, ST types, capsule serotypes and population structure of the strains were analyzed by whole genome sequencing and data analysis. Results:Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from 55 nasopharyngeal swabs of 100 inpatients(55.00%). Among the 55 inpatients with Klebsiella pneumoniae in the nasopharynx, 70.91% (39/55) were male, with an age distribution concentrated between 61 and 80 years old (58.18%, 32/55), and 50.91% (28/55) were in intensive care units (ICU). The main underlying disease type was nervous system disease (49.09%, 27/55). The results of drug sensitivity showed that the non-susceptibility rates of 55 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae to cephalosporins, quinolones, aztreonam and nitrofurantoin were all more than 80.00%. Twenty-eight carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (50.91%), 47 extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing strains (85.45%), and 48 multi-drug-resistant strains (87.27%) were detected. A total of 11 antibiotic resistance genes were detected, including carbapenems (carrying rate 76.36%) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (carrying rate 96.36%). The 55 strains could be divided into 17 ST types, and the most common type was ST11 (25.45%). The 55 strains were divided into 18 capsular serotypes, among which K102 was the most prevalent (23.64%). OXA-1_ST307_K102 (21.82%) and KPC-2_ST5492_K125 (18.18%) were the dominant clones, distributed in the Department of Neurosurgery and ICU. The result of whole genome sequence analysis showed that there were four clusters with high homology among the 55 strains. The strains from the ICU formed two independent clusters, and strains from the Neurology ICU and Neurosurgery department formed one cluster respectively. Conclusion:The carrying rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the nasopharynx of inpatients is high, and the drug resistance of the strains is serious. There are many types of drug-resistant genes.

The role of glial scar after intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)remains unclear.This study aimed to inves-tigate whether microglia-astrocyte interaction affects glial scar formation and explore the specific function of glial scar.We used a pharmacologic approach to induce microglial depletion during different ICH stages and examine how ablating microglia affects astrocytic scar formation.Spatial transcriptomics(ST)analysis was performed to explore the potential ligand-receptor pair in the modulation of microglia-astrocyte interaction and to verify the functional changes of astrocytic scars at different periods.During the early stage,sustained microglial depletion induced disorganized astrocytic scar,enhanced neutrophil infiltration,and impaired tissue repair.ST analysis indicated that microglia-derived insulin like growth factor 1(IGF1)modulated astrocytic scar formation via mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling activation.Moreover,repopulating microglia(RM)more strongly activated mTOR signaling,facilitating a more protective scar formation.The combination of IGF1 and osteopontin(OPN)was necessary and sufficient for RM function,rather than IGF1 or OPN alone.At the chronic stage of ICH,the overall net effect of astrocytic scar changed from protective to destructive and delayed microglial depletion could partly reverse this.The vital insight gleaned from our data is that sustained microglial depletion may not be a reasonable treatment strategy for early-stage ICH.Inversely,early-stage IGF1/OPN treatment combined with late-stage PLX3397 treatment is a promising therapeutic strategy.This prompts us to consider the complex temporal dynamics and overall net effect of microglia and astrocytes,and develop elaborate treatment strategies at precise time points after ICH.

Background: Using commutable external quality assessment (EQA) materials is important for monitoring successful harmonization efforts. We assessed the commutability of four human serum pool (HSP) preparations to identify candidate EQA materials for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity measurement. Methods: One set each of 85 clinical samples (CSs) was collected for ALT and AST activity measurement. The 15 candidate EQA materials included four types of HSP preparations (A to D): materials A, C, and D contained human original recombinant (HOR) aminotransferases; materials B was mixed leftover samples. The CSs and 15 candidate EQA materials were analyzed using seven routine assays, and the ln-transformed results were analyzed in 21 assay pairs. Commutability was assessed using Deming regression, with a 95% prediction interval (CLSI approach) and the difference in bias with an error component model (International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine [IFCC] approach). Results: For ALT, all materials were commutable for 14–21 assay pairs according to the CLSI and IFCC approaches. For AST, B01-03 showed commutability for 14-21 assay pairs, and C01-03 and D01-03 showed commutability for no less than 10 assay pairs according to the two approaches. A01-06 were commutable for 9-16 assay pairs according to the CLSI approach, but for 6-9 assay pairs according to the IFCC approach. Conclusions Mixed leftover samples showed desirable commutability characteristics as candidate EQA materials for routine aminotransferase activity measurements. Human serum bases supplemented with HOR were commutable for most routine ALT activity measurements.

Objective:To evaluate clincal value of preoperative peripheral blood CD4/CD8 and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) coexisted with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) .Methods:Clinicopathological data of 202 patients diagnosed as PTC treated with operation from Jul.2016 to Jun.2019 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into Treatment Group including 94 PTC coexisted with HT and Control Group including 108 thyroid cancer according to the postoperateive pathology report. CD4+ and CD8+ subsets in peripheral blood were analyzed by flowcytometer and blood counts were measured before surgery.Results:There was no significant difference in gender, tumor size, number of lesions or lymph node metastasis between the two goups. In comparison with Control Group, median age was lower (39.5 vs 50.5, P=0.001) and CD4/CD8 raito (1.9731.973 Cvs 1.24141973 CD P=0.001) was higher in Treatment group. There was a higher proportion of bilateral lobe thyroidectomy in Treatment Group (40/94 vs 26/108, P=0.005) . A multivariate model analysis identified CD4/CD8 raito as independent risk factor for incidence of PTC coexisted with HT [ OR=0.035, 95% CI (0.009-0.093) , P=0.001]. The NLR level of thyroid cancer patients was correlated with lateral lymph node metastasis negatively (correlation coefficients=-0.286, P=0.045) . Conclusions:PTC might have some connection with HT mediated by body inmune status. Preoperative NLR level is correlated with lateral lymph node metastasis.