Cataract is the world's leading cause of blindness, and surgery is the most effective treatment for cataract. With the development of femtosecond laser technology and ophthalmic surgical equipment, the application of femtosecond laser systems in cataract surgery is becoming increasingly widespread. It can be used in cataract surgery for corneal incisions, anterior capsulotomy, lens fragmentation, arcuate incisions and other key operations. Compared to traditional surgery, femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)offers significant advantages in precision, safety and postoperative visual outcomes. Its clinical benefits have garnered growing recognition among ophthalmologists. However, the key technologies and high-precision equipment for FLACS remain predominantly controlled by Western countries. In China, the research in this field began later. This article reviews the technological advancements in FLACS, with a focus on femtosecond laser technology, optical coherence tomography(OCT), artificial intelligence, and clinical application progress. The objective is to provide theoretical foundations and practical insights for the development of ophthalmic medical technology in China.

Background: Whether there is a causal relationship between childhood obesity and increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains controversial. This study sought to explore how body size in childhood and adulthood independently affects CKD risk in later life using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods: Univariate and multivariate MR was used to estimate total and independent effects of body size exposures. Genetic associations with early-life and adult body size were obtained from a genome-wide association study of 453,169 participants in the U.K. Biobank, and genetic associations with CKD were obtained from the CKDGen and FinnGen consortia. Results: A larger genetically predicted early-life body size was associated with an increased risk of CKD (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14 to 1.41; P= 1.70E-05) and increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels (β=0.010; 95% CI, 0.005 to 0.021; P=0.001). However, the association between the impact of early-life body size on CKD (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.31; P=0.173) and BUN level (β=0.001; 95% CI, –0.010 to 0.012;P= 0.853) did not remain statistically significant after adjustment for adult body size. Larger genetically predicted adult body size was associated with an increased risk of CKD (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.54; P= 4.60E-07), decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (β=–0.011; 95% CI, –0.017 to –0.006; P=5.79E-05), and increased BUN level (β= 0.010; 95% CI, 0.002 to 0.019; P= 0.018). Conclusion Our research indicates that the significant correlation between early-life body size and CKD risk is likely due to maintaining a large body size into adulthood.

Background: Whether there is a causal relationship between childhood obesity and increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains controversial. This study sought to explore how body size in childhood and adulthood independently affects CKD risk in later life using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods: Univariate and multivariate MR was used to estimate total and independent effects of body size exposures. Genetic associations with early-life and adult body size were obtained from a genome-wide association study of 453,169 participants in the U.K. Biobank, and genetic associations with CKD were obtained from the CKDGen and FinnGen consortia. Results: A larger genetically predicted early-life body size was associated with an increased risk of CKD (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14 to 1.41; P= 1.70E-05) and increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels (β=0.010; 95% CI, 0.005 to 0.021; P=0.001). However, the association between the impact of early-life body size on CKD (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.31; P=0.173) and BUN level (β=0.001; 95% CI, –0.010 to 0.012;P= 0.853) did not remain statistically significant after adjustment for adult body size. Larger genetically predicted adult body size was associated with an increased risk of CKD (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.54; P= 4.60E-07), decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (β=–0.011; 95% CI, –0.017 to –0.006; P=5.79E-05), and increased BUN level (β= 0.010; 95% CI, 0.002 to 0.019; P= 0.018). Conclusion Our research indicates that the significant correlation between early-life body size and CKD risk is likely due to maintaining a large body size into adulthood.

Background: Whether there is a causal relationship between childhood obesity and increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains controversial. This study sought to explore how body size in childhood and adulthood independently affects CKD risk in later life using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods: Univariate and multivariate MR was used to estimate total and independent effects of body size exposures. Genetic associations with early-life and adult body size were obtained from a genome-wide association study of 453,169 participants in the U.K. Biobank, and genetic associations with CKD were obtained from the CKDGen and FinnGen consortia. Results: A larger genetically predicted early-life body size was associated with an increased risk of CKD (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14 to 1.41; P= 1.70E-05) and increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels (β=0.010; 95% CI, 0.005 to 0.021; P=0.001). However, the association between the impact of early-life body size on CKD (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.31; P=0.173) and BUN level (β=0.001; 95% CI, –0.010 to 0.012;P= 0.853) did not remain statistically significant after adjustment for adult body size. Larger genetically predicted adult body size was associated with an increased risk of CKD (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.54; P= 4.60E-07), decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (β=–0.011; 95% CI, –0.017 to –0.006; P=5.79E-05), and increased BUN level (β= 0.010; 95% CI, 0.002 to 0.019; P= 0.018). Conclusion Our research indicates that the significant correlation between early-life body size and CKD risk is likely due to maintaining a large body size into adulthood.

AIM: To compare the characteristics of corneal wavefront aberrations following small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and Q-value-guided femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(Q-value-FS-LASIK), and to evaluate the impact of these two procedures on visual quality.METHODS:A total of 60 myopic patients(120 eyes)who underwent refractive surgery between January 2024 and June 2024 were enrolled and divided into two groups: the SMILE group(60 eyes)and the Q-value-FS-LASIK group(60 eyes). Preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 6 mo postoperatively, the following parameters were measured using the Pentacam HR and iTrace systems within a 6 mm corneal zone: root mean square of higher-order aberrations(RMS HOA), spherical aberration, vertical coma, horizontal coma, trefoil, Strehl ratio(SR), and modulation transfer function(MTF). Patient-reported outcomes(PROs)were used to assess subjective visual quality, and group differences were compared.RESULTS:The general data of the two groups were comparable. At 6 mo postoperatively, uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)was ≥1.0 in both groups, and the spherical equivalent(SE)remained within ±0.50 D. The total RMS HOA was significantly lower in the SMILE group(0.38±0.12 μm)than in the Q-value-FS-LASIK group(0.45±0.15 μm; P=0.012). Spherical aberration was higher in the Q-value-FS-LASIK group(0.52±0.18 μm)compared to the SMILE group(0.35±0.14 μm; P<0.001), while vertical coma was significantly greater in the SMILE group(0.21±0.09 vs 0.12±0.07 μm; P=0.003). No significant intergroup differences were observed in horizontal coma or trefoil(all P>0.05). The SR was superior in the SMILE group(0.26±0.05)compared to the Q-value-FS-LASIK group(0.22±0.04; P=0.008). PROs indicated a lower incidence of nighttime driving difficulties in the SMILE group(12% vs 21%; P=0.023).CONCLUSION:Q-value-FS-LASIK effectively controls spherical aberration by optimizing corneal asphericity but results in higher total higher-order aberrations. SMILE reduces total aberrations due to its flap-free design but induces greater vertical coma. The choice of procedure should be tailored to the patient's refractive status and visual demands.

Cognitive dysfunction often occurs in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebrovascular disease, or other neurodegenerative diseases, and can significantly impact the life quality of patients and create serious social, psychological, and economic burdens for individuals and their families. Numerous studies have confirmed that exercise can slow the decline in cognitive function through multiple pathways, in which fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) plays an important role. However, the current research on the modulation of FNDC5 by exercise and its ability to improve hippocampal cognitive function lacks a systematic and comprehensive understanding. Therefore, this review focuses on the latest research progress regarding the role of exercise-induced FNDC5 in cognitive function, systematically reviews the positive effects of FNDC5 on cognitive function impairment caused by various factors, and clarifies the specific mechanisms by which exercise-induced FNDC5 improves cognitive function by inhibiting neuroinflammation and improving hippocampal neurogenesis and hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Based on the existing literature, we also identify the areas that require further research in this field. Overall, this review provides a theoretical basis for exercise-based prevention and improvement of cognitive function impairment.
Humans ; Cognition/physiology* ; Fibronectins/physiology* ; Exercise/physiology* ; Hippocampus/physiology* ; Cognitive Dysfunction/prevention & control* ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Animals ; Neurogenesis

OBJECTIVES: To synthesize a temperature-responsive multimodal motion microrobot (MMMR) using temperature and magnetic field-assisted microfluidic droplet technology to achieve targeted drug delivery and controlled drug release. METHODS: Microfluidic droplet technology was utilized to synthesize the MMMR by mixing gelatin with magnetic microparticles. The microrobot possessed a magnetic anisotropy structure to allow its navigation and targeted drug release by controlling the temperature field and magnetic field. In the experiment, the MMMR was controlled to move in a wide range along a preset path by rotating a uniform magnetic field, and the local circular motion was driven by a planar rotating gradient magnetic field of different frequencies. The MMMR was loaded with simulated drugs, which were released in response to laser heating. RESULTS: Driven by a rotating magnetic field, the MMMR achieved linear motion following a predefined path. The planar gradient rotating magnetic field controlled circular motion of the MMMR with an adjustable radius, utilizing the centrifugal force generated by rotation. The drug-loaded MMMR successfully reached the target location under magnetic guidance, where the gelatin matrix was melted using laser heating for accurate drug release, after which the remaining magnetic particles were removed using magnetic field. CONCLUSIONS The MMMR possesses multimodal motion capabilities to enable precise navigation along a predefined path and dynamic regulation of drug release within the target area, thus having great potential for a wide range of biomedical applications.
Drug Delivery Systems/methods* ; Temperature ; Drug Liberation ; Magnetic Fields ; Robotics ; Gelatin/chemistry* ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Microfluidics ; Motion

Objective To analyze the expression levels of serum miR-21-5p and miR-100-5p in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)and healthy controls,and to explore their impact on the differential diagnosis,clinical characteristics correlation,and patient prognosis of ESCC.Methods A total of 158 patients with advanced ESCC who underwent radiotherapy in our hospital's radiotherapy department from January 2018 to January 2022 were collected as the experimental group.Additionally,150 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations were selected as the control group.Peripheral blood(5 ml)was collected from each subject,and serum was prepared.The expression levels of miR-21-5p and miR-100-5p were detected using real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR).The expression differences of miR-21-5p and miR-100-5p between the experimental and control groups were compared using the t-test,and the clinical prognosis survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method with Log-Rank test.Results Compared with the healthy control group,the expression levels of serum miR-21-5p and miR-100-5p in ESCC patients were significantly increased(both P＜0.001).The elevated expression levels of serum miR-21-5p and miR-100-5p can accurately distinguish ESCC from healthy controls,with an area under the curve(A UC)of 0.918 for combined diagnosis,a sensitivity of 93.2％,and a specificity of 87.1％.The increased expression of serum miR-21-5p and miR-100-5p in ESCC patients was correlated with later TNM stages and poorer disease-free survival and overall survival(both P＜0.05).Multivariate Cox analysis showed that TNM stage Ⅲ,high expression of serum miR-21-5p,and low expression of miR-100-5p are independent risk factors for the disease-free survival and overall survival of ESCC patients(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression levels of serum miR-21-5p and miR-100-5p are significantly increased in ESCC patients and indicate a poorer prognosis.Serum miR-21-5p and miR-100-5p hold promise as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of ESCC.

Objective To discuss the application of the"rotating guidewire and correcting the filter recovery hook direction technique"("rotation-correction loop technique"for short),a technique invented by the authors in clinical practice,in the retrieval of complex inferior vena cava filter(IVCF),and to discuss its technical skills and advantages.Methods The clinical data of 417 patients carrying an IVCF,who were admitted to the Department of Vascular Surgery of Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University of China to retrieve IVCF between January 2022 and December 2022,were retrospectively analyzed.Taking the time spent on the retrieval of IVCF and the intraoperative radiation dose as the evaluation indicators,the advantages and disadvantages of the standard filter retrieval technique,the"rotation-correction loop technique"and the other loop-assisted techniques were compared.Results Both the intraoperative radiation dose and the time spent on the retrieval of IVCF using"rotation-correction loop technique"were remarkably lower than those of other loop-assisted techniques(P＜0.000 1).Conclusion For the retrieval of complex IVCF,especially for the IVCF which is heavily tilted and/or its recovered hook is attached to the vascular wall,the use of"rotation-correction loop technique"can shorten the time spent on the the retrieval of IVCF and reduce the intraoperative radiation dose.This technique carries high safety and practicability,the device is simple and it can be manipulated by single physician,which is conducive to clinical application and promotion.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:289-294)