Background: and Purpose Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) following endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is a severe complication associated with adverse functional outcomes and increased mortality rates. Currently, a reliable predictive model for sICH risk after EVT is lacking. Methods: This study used data from patients aged ≥20 years who underwent EVT for anterior circulation stroke from the nationwide Taiwan Registry of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke (TREAT-AIS). A predictive model including factors associated with an increased risk of sICH after EVT was developed to differentiate between patients with and without sICH. This model was compared existing predictive models using nationwide registry data to evaluate its relative performance. Results: Of the 2,507 identified patients, 158 developed sICH after EVT. Factors such as diastolic blood pressure, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, platelet count, glucose level, collateral score, and successful reperfusion were associated with the risk of sICH after EVT. The TREAT-AIS score demonstrated acceptable predictive accuracy (area under the curve [AUC]=0.694), with higher scores being associated with an increased risk of sICH (odds ratio=2.01 per score increase, 95% confidence interval=1.64–2.45, P<0.001). The discriminatory capacity of the score was similar in patients with symptom onset beyond 6 hours (AUC=0.705). Compared to existing models, the TREAT-AIS score consistently exhibited superior predictive accuracy, although this difference was marginal. Conclusions The TREAT-AIS score outperformed existing models, and demonstrated an acceptable discriminatory capacity for distinguishing patients according to sICH risk levels. However, the differences between models were only marginal. Further research incorporating periprocedural and postprocedural factors is required to improve the predictive accuracy.

Background: and Purpose Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) following endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is a severe complication associated with adverse functional outcomes and increased mortality rates. Currently, a reliable predictive model for sICH risk after EVT is lacking. Methods: This study used data from patients aged ≥20 years who underwent EVT for anterior circulation stroke from the nationwide Taiwan Registry of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke (TREAT-AIS). A predictive model including factors associated with an increased risk of sICH after EVT was developed to differentiate between patients with and without sICH. This model was compared existing predictive models using nationwide registry data to evaluate its relative performance. Results: Of the 2,507 identified patients, 158 developed sICH after EVT. Factors such as diastolic blood pressure, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, platelet count, glucose level, collateral score, and successful reperfusion were associated with the risk of sICH after EVT. The TREAT-AIS score demonstrated acceptable predictive accuracy (area under the curve [AUC]=0.694), with higher scores being associated with an increased risk of sICH (odds ratio=2.01 per score increase, 95% confidence interval=1.64–2.45, P<0.001). The discriminatory capacity of the score was similar in patients with symptom onset beyond 6 hours (AUC=0.705). Compared to existing models, the TREAT-AIS score consistently exhibited superior predictive accuracy, although this difference was marginal. Conclusions The TREAT-AIS score outperformed existing models, and demonstrated an acceptable discriminatory capacity for distinguishing patients according to sICH risk levels. However, the differences between models were only marginal. Further research incorporating periprocedural and postprocedural factors is required to improve the predictive accuracy.

Background: and Purpose Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) following endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is a severe complication associated with adverse functional outcomes and increased mortality rates. Currently, a reliable predictive model for sICH risk after EVT is lacking. Methods: This study used data from patients aged ≥20 years who underwent EVT for anterior circulation stroke from the nationwide Taiwan Registry of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke (TREAT-AIS). A predictive model including factors associated with an increased risk of sICH after EVT was developed to differentiate between patients with and without sICH. This model was compared existing predictive models using nationwide registry data to evaluate its relative performance. Results: Of the 2,507 identified patients, 158 developed sICH after EVT. Factors such as diastolic blood pressure, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, platelet count, glucose level, collateral score, and successful reperfusion were associated with the risk of sICH after EVT. The TREAT-AIS score demonstrated acceptable predictive accuracy (area under the curve [AUC]=0.694), with higher scores being associated with an increased risk of sICH (odds ratio=2.01 per score increase, 95% confidence interval=1.64–2.45, P<0.001). The discriminatory capacity of the score was similar in patients with symptom onset beyond 6 hours (AUC=0.705). Compared to existing models, the TREAT-AIS score consistently exhibited superior predictive accuracy, although this difference was marginal. Conclusions The TREAT-AIS score outperformed existing models, and demonstrated an acceptable discriminatory capacity for distinguishing patients according to sICH risk levels. However, the differences between models were only marginal. Further research incorporating periprocedural and postprocedural factors is required to improve the predictive accuracy.

Objective To make an epidemiological investigation on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)dampness syndrome manifestations in the population at risk of cerebrovascular diseases in Guangdong area.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the clinical data related to the risk of cerebrovascular diseases in 330 Guangdong permanent residents.The diagnosis of dampness syndrome,quantitative scoring of dampness syndrome and rating of the risk of stroke were performed for the investigation of the distribution pattern of dampness syndrome and its influencing factors.Results(1)A total of 306(92.73%)study subjects were diagnosed as dampness syndrome.The percentage of dampness syndrome in the risk group was 93.82%(258/275),which was slightly higher than that of the healthy group(48/55,87.27%),but the difference was not statistically significant(χ2 = 2.91,P = 0.112).The quantitative score of dampness syndrome in the risk group was higher than that of the healthy group,and the difference was statistically significance(Z =-2.24,P = 0.025).(2)Among the study subjects at risk of cerebrovascular disease,evaluation time(χ2 = 26.11,P = 0.001),stroke risk grading(χ2= 8.85,P = 0.031),and history of stroke or transient ischemic attack(TIA)(χ2 = 9.28,P = 0.015)were the factors influencing the grading of dampness syndrome in the population at risk of cerebrovascular disease.Conclusion Dampness syndrome is the common TCM syndrome in the population of Guangdong area.The manifestations of dampness syndrome are more obvious in the population with risk factors of cerebrovascular disease,especially in the population at high risk of stroke,and in the population with a history of stroke or TIA.The assessment and intervention of dampness syndrome should be taken into account for future project of stroke prevention in Guangdong.

ObjectiveGQDs has become a superstar among zero-dimensional carbon-based materials. As one of the most abundant and important biological elements, its unique optical properties, high dispersion and biocompatibility have attracted extensive attention from scientists. This paper aims to investigate the effect of GQDs on cell viability, apoptosis and inflammatory factor expression in RAW264.7 macrophages and evaluate cell imaging capability of GQDs in vitro, which could provide theoretical basis for the safe application of GQDs in biomedical field. MethodsGraphene oxide was prepared by modified Hummer’s method. H₂O₂ and W₁₈O₄₉ interacted with each other under hydrothermal conditions to produce hydroxyl radicals, which can cut graphene oxide into GQDs using a top-down approach. The microstructure of GQDs was analyzed in detail by X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier infrared transform. The biocompatibility of GQDs on macrophage was evaluated by CCK-8 and dead/alive staining. Flow cytometry results showed the apoptosis of RAW264.7 macrophages induced by GQDs. mRNA expression of inflammatory factors was evaluated byRT-qPCR. Cell imaging was exhibited by laser scanning confocal. ResultsHydroxyl radicals are produced by H₂O₂ and W₁₈O₄₉ under hydrothermal conditions, which contribute to cut graphene oxide into 3-5 nm GQDs in one step. The quantum yield of this method is 43%. Fluorescence lifetime of these blue GQDs is 1.67 ns. The Zigzag-type site and defect state of the triplet carbene radical lead to the excitation wavelength dependence of GQDs, and the optimal excitation and emission wavelengths are 330 nm and 400 nm, respectively. The boundary effect and amphiphilicity of quantum dots make GQDs possess abundant functional groups, vacancy defects and high dispersion, which results in GQDs exhibits good water solubility. RAW264.7 macrophages are incubated with different concentration in DEME medium for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h to evaluate cell. The survival rate of RAW264.7 cells is significantly dependent on the concentration and time of GQDs. CCK-8 and dead/alive staining show that GQDs have high biocompatibility. The effect of 200 mg/L GQDs on apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells is revealed by the scatter plot of bivariate flow cytometry. Under the stimulation of LPS+INF‑γ, the expression of TNF-α was increased in RAW264.7 cells, which co-acted with other cytokines to participate in the immune response of RAW264.7 cells in vitro, and mediated the production of IL-1β inflammatory factor in RAW264.7 cells, thereby inducing apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells. The results of RT-qPCR showed that GQDs can inhibit the growth of RAW264.7 cells in vitro, and stimulate them to increase TNF-α expression in RAW264.7 cells, which make cell membrane rupture and produce IL-1β inflammatory factors to induce cell apoptosis. The high biocompatibility of GQDs is attributed to the rich oxygen-containing functional groups (―COOH, ―OH, and CO) on the surface of GQDs, which makes its surface negatively charged and easy to be swallowed into the cell interior when interacting with the cell membrane with low affinity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observed that the GQDs were swallowed into the cells. Furthermore, laser confocal results displayed that blue GQDs has certain ability of cell imaging in vitro. ConclusionThe water solubility, low toxicity, fluorescence properties and the induction effect of inflammatory factors of GQDs provide broad prospects for their application in the field of immunotherapy and cell imaging in the future.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of gut flora related to dampness syndrome in the population at risk of cerebrovascular disease and to explore their influencing factors.Methods Based on the results of epidemiological investigation of damp syndrome in at-risk population of cerebrovascular disease in Guangdong from October 2021 to February 2023,60 subjects(including 41 at-risk cases of cerebrovascular disease and 19 healthy controls)were included in the study.The identification of dampness syndrome and the risk rating of stroke were carried out for the subjects,and fecal samples were collected.High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing technology and bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the characteristics of gut flora.Results(1)A total of 53 cases(88.33％)were identified as dampness syndrome.There was significant difference in the quantitative score of dampness syndrome between the risk group and the healthy group,and between the low-,medium-and high-risk groups(P=0.016;P=0.041).(2)There was no statistical difference in the species and abundance of gut flora between the dampness syndrome group and the non-dampness syndrome group.(3)In the population identified as dampness syndrome,there was no significant difference in Alpha diversity between the healthy group and the risk group,but there was significant difference in Beta diversity analysis;LEfSe analysis found that Fusobacterium and Lactobacillus were enriched in the risk group;correlation analysis showed that the differential bacteria were related to the three risk factors of diabetes,dyslipidemia and obesity and carotid intima-media thickness(IMT).(4)In the population identified as dampness syndrome and having the risk of cerebrovascular disease,there was no significant difference in Alpha diversity among three groups with different levels of risks,while significant difference in Beta diversity was observed;LEfSe analysis showed that Acidaminococcaceae,Phascolarctobacterium and Butyricimonas were enriched in the low-risk group,Veillonellaceae was enriched in the medium-risk group,and Ruminococcus 2 and Alloprevotella were enriched in the high-risk group;correlation analysis showed that the differential bacteria were associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),white blood cell count(WBC),and neutrophil count(NEUT).Conclusion In the Guangdong population predominated by dampness syndrome,the severity of dampness syndrome is related to the risk of stroke,and the specific flora associated with sub-clinical atherosclerosis,inflammatory response and lipid metabolism are presented.

Objective To analyze the stress changes of thoracic vertebra(T)11-sacrum(S)titanium rods in patients with ankylosing spondylitis after vertebral column decancellation(VCD)osteotomy,and provide reference for the selection and improvement of titanium rods before surgery.Methods The original data of the continuous scanning tomographic images of patients with ankylosing spondylitis after VCD osteotomy were imported into Mimics 21.0 in DICOM format,and T11-S vertebrae,screws and titanium rods were respectively reconstructed.They were imported into 3-Matic to establish a preliminary geometric modeling,and then processed with noise removal,paving,smoothing,etc.The improved model was imported into Hypermesh 10 software for grid division,and the material was imported into ANSYS 19.2 to display the finite element model after attribute assignment,Set the boundary and load conditions,and measure the stress value at the connection between the screw and the titanium rod.Results Under neutral position,forward bending,lateral bending,and axial rotation conditions,the titanium rod had the highest stress at the upper vertebrae(T11)and the lowest stress at the top vertebrae(L3);Under the backward extension condition,the titanium rod has the highest stress at the lower end vertebra(L5).Conclusion In the upper and lower vertebrae,it is possible to consider increasing the diameter of the titanium rod,enhancing its hardness,or changing it to a double rod.

Objective To investigate the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells after neural injury utilizing Sox10 cell lineage tracing in the cortical tissue.Methods C57BL/6 mice and Sox10-CreERT2/red fluorescent protein(RFP)model mice were used in the current study.The Sox10-CreERT2/RFP model mice generated by crossing Sox10-CreERT2 and Ai9 were 8-week-old F1 mice(n=16),which were randomly divided into control group(n=4)and 7 days(n=4),14 days(n=4),and 30 days feed groups(n=4).Tamoxifen(TAM)was used to induce the expression of RFP.The control group received tamoxifen dissolved in sunflower seed oil by gavage(40 mg/kg once daily for three consecutive days)and the brain tissues were obtained after 4 days.The feed group mice were fed with tamoxifen-containing feed to induce RFP expression,and the brain tissues were obtained after 7,14,and 30 days,respectively.Immunofluorescent staining was performed to detect the expressions of neuronal nuclei(NeuN),microtubule-associated protein 2(MAP2),phosphorylated histone 2AX(γ-H2AX),cluster of differentiation 13(CD 13),γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA),glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),cluster of differentiation 11b(CD11b),vesicular glutamate transporter 2(VGLUT2),and adenomatous polyposis coli(APC,CC-1)in the brains of each group mice.The number of positive cells was counted,and the proportion was calculated.Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into wild type(WT)group(n=4)and WT+TAM group(n=4).They were fed with regular feed and tamoxifen-containing feed for 30 days,respectively,and then brain tissues were obtained.Immunofluorescent double-labeling was used to detect the expressions of γ-H2AX positive neurons in the cortex of mice in both groups.Results In the control group,feed 7 days,14 days,and 30 days groups,the proportions of RFP+pericytes among all RFP+cells in the cortical tissue were(0.8±0.1)％,(2.7±0.1)％,(3.2±0.1)％,(4.0±0.1)％,respectively,and the proportion of mature oligodendrocytes(CC-1+RFP+)in the feed 7 days group was(51.2±0.7)％.The proportions of RFP-positive neurons in the cortex after 14 and 30 days of tamoxifen feed were(0.7±0.1)％and(1.5±0.1)％,respectively,while no conversion to RFP-positive neurons was observed in the gavage group and 7 days feed group.RFP cells in the cortex of the 7 days or 30 days feed group did not express GFAP or CD11b.Extensive γ-H2AX+NeuN+staining was observed in the WT group and WT+TAM group.Conclusion Long-term administration of tamoxifen can promote the differentiation of Sox10 cells into pericytes and neurons.Further investigation into the role of OPC in the neurovascular unit repair mechanism may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis underlying AD.

Aim To investigate the effect of total glu-cosides of paeony on inflammatory injury and TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in autoimmune thyroiditis(AIT)rats.Methods The experiment was divided into control group,model group,total glucosides of pae-ony(TGP),TLR4 inhibitor group and TGP+TLR4 ag-onist group,with 10 animals in each group.Except for the control group,the rats in other groups were subcu-taneously injected with thyroglobulin and Freund's ad-juvant to induce the AIT rat model.After six weeks of administration,thyroid histopathological changes were observed using hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining;ser-um levels of TPOAb,TgAb,TSH,T3,T4,TNF-α,INF-γ,IL-1 β and IL-1 β were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA);TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway mRNAs and proteins expression in thyroid tis-sues were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot.Re-sults Compared with the control group,the thyroid follicular epithelium of rats was significantly damaged,and the serum levels of TPOAb,TgAb,TSH,T3,T4,TNF-α,INF-γ,IL-1 β and IL-1 β increased(P＜0.01).The expression of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 path-way mRNAs and proteins increased in the model group(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the damage of thyroid follicular epithelium was alleviated,and the serum levels of TPOAb,TgAb,TSH,T3,T4,TNF-α,INF-γ,IL-1 β and IL-1 β were reduced(P＜0.01),the expression of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 path-way mRNAs and proteins were down-regulated in the TGP group and TLR4 inhibitor group(P＜0.01).Compared with TGP group,the damage of thyroid follic-ular epithelium was aggravated,and the levels of serum TPOAb,TgAb,TSH,T3,T4,TNF-α,INF-γ,IL-1 β and IL-1 β were elevated(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),the pro-tein expressions of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway mR-NAs and proteins were up-regulated in TGP+TLR4 ag-onist group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusions TGP may play a protective role in thyroid by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and improving the inflammatory injury of thyroid tissues.

The presence of 4-aminophenol(4-AP)in wastewater from the pharmaceutical industry is a common occurrence due to its role as a byproduct or intermediate during the hydrolysis process of paracetamol metabolism,resulting in significant water pollution.Therefore,it is crucial to employ a straightforward and reliable analytical approach for detecting 4-AP in the environment.In this study,a specific type of metal-organic framework(MOF)material called[Cd4(ABTC)2(H2O)12]n(SXNU-4-Cd,H4ABTC=3,3′,5,5′-azobenzene tetracarboxylic acid)was successfully synthesized,which exhibited a unique two-dimensional layered structure consisting of three intertwined spiral chains forming a distinctive″twist braid″.These layers underwent π-π stacking,creating three-dimensional channels with azo bonds decorating the channel walls.This p-π interaction significantly enhanced the adsorption capacity of SXNU-4-Cd towards 4-AP,thereby improving its recognition sensitivity.The fabricated SXNU-4-Cd/GCE sensor showed high sensitivity towards 4-AP in the linear concentration range of 0.1-130 μmol/L,with a detection limit of 8.6 nmol/L,and also exhibited good anti-interference capability,reproducibility and stability.The SXNU-4-Cd/GCE sensor was successfully used for detecting 4-AP in lake water sample,with spiked recoveries of 95.9%-102.8%.This study introduced a novel technique that utilized pure Cd-MOFs to develop electrochemical sensor capable of effectively detecting 4-AP in water samples.