Anti-tumor traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of clinic application, in which the star molecules have always been the hotspot of modern drug research, but they are limited by the solubility, stability, targeting, bioactivity or toxicity of the monomer components of traditional Chinese medicine anti-tumor star molecules and other pharmacokinetic problems, which hinders the traditional Chinese medicine anti-tumor star molecules for further clinical translation and application. Currently, the nanosystems prepared by supramolecular technologies such as molecular self-assembly and nanomaterial encapsulation have broader application prospects in improving the anti-tumor effect of active components of traditional Chinese medicine, which has attracted extensive attention from scholars at home and abroad. In this paper, we systematically review the research progress in preparation of supramolecular nano-systems from anti-tumor star molecule of traditional Chinese medicine, and summarize the two major categories and ten small classes of carrier-free and carrier-based supramolecular nanosystems and their research cases, and the future development direction is put forward. The purpose of this paper is to provide reference for the research and clinical transformation of using supramolecular technology to improve the clinical application of anti-tumor star molecule of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To analyze the changes of B lymphocyte(B cells)subsets in peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)and to explore its clinical significance.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 37 treatment-na?ve CHB patients who were admitted to the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from July 2022 to October 2022,and peripheral blood samples collected from 18 healthy individuals who have received the hepatitis B vaccine as healthy controls(HC).The study subjects'clinical indexes such as age,HBV DNA viral load,HBsAg quantification,HBeAg semi quantification,ALT,AST,and AST/ALT ratio were collected.The change characteristics of the frequency,phenotypic and functional markers of peripheral blood B lymphocytes and their subsets were compared between CHB and HC.Using multi-color flow cytometry,and the correlation between them and clinical indexes was analyzed.Results Frequency analysis of each subset of B cells showed that compared with HC,the frequency of total B cells,transitional B cells and naive B cells was decreased(P<0.05),while the frequency of mature B cells,memory B cells,atypical memory B cells and activated memory B cells was increased in CHB patients(P<0.01).And there was no significant difference in the frequency of resting memory B cells between the two groups(P>0.05).The results of functional analysis showed that compared with HC,the expression levels of CD79b on total B cells,mature B cells,memory B cells,naive B cells,activated memory B cells,atypical memory B cells and resting memory B cells in CHB patients were increased(P<0.05).The expression level of programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)on atypical memory B cells in CHB patients was also higher than that in HC group(P<0.05).The results of correlation analysis showed that the frequency of total B cells in CHB patients was slightly negatively correlated with age(r=-0.39,P<0.05),while the expression of programmed death-1(PD-1)on total B cells,mature B cells,transitional B cells,memory B cells and naive B cells were slightly positively correlated with age(r>0.36,P<0.05).Conclusions Chronic HBV infection leads to depletion of the frequency and function of a portion of B cells in the peripheral blood of CHB patients,and age is a potential risk factor for the decline in humoral immune function in CHB patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis(PM),and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP)isolates in Chinese children.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical information,laboratory data,and microbiological data of 160 hospitalized children under 15 years old with PM from January 2019 to December 2020 in 33 tertiary hospitals across the country.Results Among the 160 children with PM,there were 103 males and 57 females.The age ranged from 15 days to 15 years,with 109 cases(68.1% )aged 3 months to under 3 years.SP strains were isolated from 95 cases(59.4% )in cerebrospinal fluid cultures and from 57 cases(35.6% )in blood cultures.The positive rates of SP detection by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing and cerebrospinal fluid SP antigen testing were 40% (35/87)and 27% (21/78),respectively.Fifty-five cases(34.4% )had one or more risk factors for purulent meningitis,113 cases(70.6% )had one or more extra-cranial infectious foci,and 18 cases(11.3% )had underlying diseases.The most common clinical symptoms were fever(147 cases,91.9% ),followed by lethargy(98 cases,61.3% )and vomiting(61 cases,38.1% ).Sixty-nine cases(43.1% )experienced intracranial complications during hospitalization,with subdural effusion and/or empyema being the most common complication[43 cases(26.9% )],followed by hydrocephalus in 24 cases(15.0% ),brain abscess in 23 cases(14.4% ),and cerebral hemorrhage in 8 cases(5.0% ).Subdural effusion and/or empyema and hydrocephalus mainly occurred in children under 1 year old,with rates of 91% (39/43)and 83% (20/24),respectively.SP strains exhibited complete sensitivity to vancomycin(100% ,75/75),linezolid(100% ,56/56),and meropenem(100% ,6/6).High sensitivity rates were also observed for levofloxacin(81% ,22/27),moxifloxacin(82% ,14/17),rifampicin(96% ,25/26),and chloramphenicol(91% ,21/23).However,low sensitivity rates were found for penicillin(16% ,11/68)and clindamycin(6% ,1/17),and SP strains were completely resistant to erythromycin(100% ,31/31).The rates of discharge with cure and improvement were 22.5% (36/160)and 66.2% (106/160),respectively,while 18 cases(11.3% )had adverse outcomes.Conclusions Pediatric PM is more common in children aged 3 months to under 3 years.Intracranial complications are more frequently observed in children under 1 year old.Fever is the most common clinical manifestation of PM,and subdural effusion/emphysema and hydrocephalus are the most frequent complications.Non-culture detection methods for cerebrospinal fluid can improve pathogen detection rates.Adverse outcomes can be noted in more than 10% of PM cases.SP strains are high sensitivity to vancomycin,linezolid,meropenem,levofloxacin,moxifloxacin,rifampicin,and chloramphenicol.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(2):131-138]

Objective:Investigate the expression of thioredoxin(TXN)in pancreatic cancer and its impact on the proliferation,invasion,migration,and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells.Methods:By collecting pan-cancer and TCGA pancreatic cancer transcriptome and clinical data,the expression levels of the TXN gene family were analyzed.The expression levels of TXN in cancer tissues,adjacent tissues,and different cell lines were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting.The expression of the TXN gene in Panc-1 and BxPC-3 pancre-atic cancer cells was inhibited using small interfering RNA(siRNA),and control experiments were conducted with Panc-1 and BxPC-3 cells with unblocked TXN gene expression to explore the ef-fects of TXN on the proliferation,migration,invasion,and apoptosis of these two types of cells.Transcriptional data and survival outcome data were used to divide TXN expression into two groups based on the median value,and survival curves of the high and low TXN expression groups were plotted.Results:In pancreatic cancer tissues and cells,the expression level of TXN was signifi-cantly higher than that in adjacent tissues and normal cells(P＜0.05).After inhibiting the expression of TXN in pancreatic cancer cells,the proliferation rate,invasion cell number,and healing rate of pancreatic cancer cells with low TXN expression were lower than those of the control group,and their apoptosis rate was significantly higher than that of normal pancreatic cancer cells(P＜0.05).The higher the expression level of TXN in the tumors of pancreatic cancer patients,the shorter their survival time(P＜0.05).Conclusion:TXN can enhance the proliferation,migration,and invasion ability of pancreatic cancer cells and weaken the degree of cell apoptosis;the higher the expression level of TXN in pancreatic cancer tissues,the worse the prognosis.

Aim To explore the regulatory effect of Cangfudaotan Decoction on the ovarian Toll receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear transcription factor kBp65 (NF-κB p65) signaling pathway in obese PCOS-IR rats. Methods Forty-eight female rats were randomly divided into normal group (n = 8) and model group (n = 40). The obese PCOS-IR rats were established by letrozole (1 mg · kg

COVID-19 has been prevalent for three years. The virulence of SARS-CoV-2 is weaken as it mutates continuously. However, elderly patients, especially those with underlying diseases, are still at high risk of developing severe infections. With the continuous study of the molecular structure and pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs for COVID-19 have been successively marketed, and these anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs can effectively reduce the severe rate and mortality of elderly patients. This article reviews the mechanism, clinical medication regimens, drug interactions and adverse reactions of five small molecule antiviral drugs currently approved for marketing in China, so as to provide advice for the clinical rational use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in the elderly.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of TAR DNA-binding protein 43(TDP-43)on oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD)-induced apoptosis in mouse atrial myocytes(HL-1 cells).Methods The in vitro cultured mouse atrial myocytes(HL-1 cells)were divided into:(1)control group and groups with different OGD treatment times(2,4,8,16 h),and cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay,and TDP-43 protein expression level was detected by Western blotting,which was used to determine the time point of OGD induction for the subsequent study;(2)control and OGD groups,flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis,JC-1 staining to detect mitochondrial membrane potential,chemiluminescence to detect adenosine triphosphate(ATP)relative content,microplate method to detect malondialdehyde(MDA)content,and WST-1 method to detect superoxide dismutase(SOD)content.Mouse atrial myocytes(HL-1 cells)transfected with lentivirus were divided into:(1)negative control lentiviral intervention group(NC-shRNA),TDP-43 knockdown lentiviral intervention group(TDP-43-shRNA1,TDP-43-shRNA2,TDP-43-shRNA3),and Western blotting was used to detect the TDP-43 protein expression level,and the group with the highest lentiviral knockdown efficiency was selected as the TDP-43-shRNA for subsequent experiments;(2)NC-shRNA group,TDP-43-shRNA group,OGD+NC-shRNA group,OGD+TDP-43-shRNA group,under normoxic and OGD conditions,flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate,MitoTracker staining to detect mitochondrial morphology,JC-1 staining to detect mitochondrial membrane potential,chemiluminescence to detect the relative content of ATP,flow cytometry to detect the fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species(ROS),microplate to detect the content of MDA,and WST-1 to detect the content of SOD.Results CCK-8 method showed that,with the prolongation of OGD time,the viability of mouse atrial myocytes(HL-1 cells)gradually decreased;Western blotting assay showed that the expression level of TDP-43 protein gradually increased,and both of them showed a strong time-dependence.Compared with control group,mouse atrial myocytes(HL-1 cells)viability was the lowest(P<0.05)and TDP-43 protein expression was the highest(P<0.05)at 16 h of OGD,accordingly,OGD 16 h was chosen as the induction time point for subsequent experiments.Compared with control group,the apoptosis rate,the fluorescence intensity ratio of mitochondrial membrane potential and the content of MDA increased,the relative content of ATP and SOD decreased in OGD group,and the differences were all statistically significant(P<0.05).Western blotting detection showed that compared with NC-shRNA group,the TDP-43-shRNA2 group had the most obvious reduction in TDP-43 protein expression level(P<0.05)and the highest knockdown efficiency,so the TDP-43-shRNA2 group was selected for subsequent experiments.The results of flow cytometry showed that under normoxic conditions,there was no significant change in the apoptosis rate in TDP-43-shRNA group compared with NC-shRNA group(P>0.05);and under OGD conditions,the apoptosis rate in OGD+TDP-43-shRNA group reduced when compared with OGD+NC-shRNA group(P<0.05).MitoTracker staining results showed that the mitochondrial morphology of TDP-43-shRNA group was intact without significant changes compared with NC-shRNA group;the mitochondria of OGD+NC-shRNA group increased in number,most of which were fragmented and scattered in distribution;compared with OGD+NC-shRNA group,the mitochondrial morphology of OGD+TDP-43-shRNA group was restored.Under normoxic conditions,there were no significant changes in mitochondrial membrane potential,relative ATP content,ROS fluorescence intensity,MDA content,and SOD content in TDP-43-shRNA group compared with NC-shRNA group(P>0.05);however,under OGD conditions,the ratio of fluorescence intensity of mitochondrial membrane potential of cells the fluorescence intensity of ROS,and the content of MDA decreased,and the relative content of ATP and the content of SOD increased in OGD+TDP-43-shRNA group compared with that of OGD+NC-shRNA group,and all of these differences was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion TDP-43 exacerbates OGD-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis;therefore,knockdown of TDP-43 expression is expected to be a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Epilepsy is a chronic nervous system disease, which affects more than 70 million people all over the world. Although more than 30 kinds of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been on the market, about one third of the patients with epilepsy fail to respond to medical treatment, who become drug-resistant epilepsy patients. Identifying the mechanism and developing effective treatment methods for drug-resistant epilepsy have become a hot area in the field of epilepsy research. This review discussed resent advance on the pathogenesis of drug-resistant epilepsy from the transporter hypothesis, neural network hypothesis and target hypothesis, and we also summarized the existing potential treatment methods and research progress of drug-resistant epilepsy, such as surgical resection, deep brain stimulation, ketogenic diet, precise treatment, and traditional Chinese medicine treatment. Our review may provide useful clues for the mechanisms research and clinical treatments of drug-resistant epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effect of arsenic-containing Qinghuang Powder (QHP) and low-intensity chemotherapy (LIC) in treatment of elderly acute myeloid leukemia (eAML) patients. METHODS: Clinical data of 80 eAML patients treated at Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The treatment scheme was designed by real world study according to patients' preference, and patients were divided into a QHP group (35 cases) and a LIC group (45 cases). The median overall survival (mOS), 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates, and incidence of adverse events were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The mOS of 80 patients was 11 months, and the 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates were 45.51%, 17.96%, and 11.05%, respectively. The QHP and LIC groups demonstrated no significant difference in mOS (12 months vs. 10 months), 1- (48.57% vs. 39.65%), 2- (11.43% vs. 20.04%), and 3-year OS rates (5.71% vs. 13.27%, all P>0.05). Moreover, the related factors of mOS demonstrated no significant difference in patients with age>75 years (11 months vs. 8 months), secondary AML (11 months vs. 8 months), poor genetic prognosis (9 months vs. 7 months), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score ⩾ 3 (10 months vs. 7 months) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant comorbidity index ⩾ 4 (11 months vs. 7 months) between the QHP and LIC groups (all P>0.05). However, the incidence of myelosuppression was significantly lower in the QHP group than that in the LIC group (28.57% vs. 73.33%, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS QHP and LIC had similar survival rates in eAML patients, but QHP had a lower myelosuppression incidence. Hence, QHP can be an alternative for eAML patients who do not tolerate LIC.
Humans ; Aged ; Arsenic/therapeutic use* ; Powders/therapeutic use* ; Retrospective Studies ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy* ; Prognosis ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use*

The modernization and development of traditional Chinese medicine has led to higher standards for the quality of traditional Chinese medicine products. The extraction process is a crucial component of traditional Chinese medicine production, and it directly impacts the final quality of the product. However, the currently relied upon methods for quality assurance of the extraction process, such as simple wet chemical analysis, have several limitations, including time consumption and labor intensity, and do not offer precise control of the extraction process. As a result, there is significant value in incorporating near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in the production process of traditional Chinese medicine to improve the quality control of the final products. In this study, we focused on the extraction process of Xiao'er Xiaoji Zhike oral liquid (XXZOL), using near-infrared spectra collected by both a Fourier transform near-infrared spectrometer and a portable near-infrared spectrometer. We used the concentration of synephrine, a quality control index component specified by the pharmacopoeia, to achieve rapid and accurate detection in the extraction process. Moreover, we developed a model transfer method to facilitate the transfer of models between the two types of near-infrared spectrometers (analytical grade and portable), thus resolving the low resolution, poor performance, and insufficient prediction accuracy issues of portable instruments. Our findings enable the rapid screening and quality analysis of XXZOL onsite, which is significant for quality monitoring during the traditional Chinese medicine production process.