OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between drug treatment and outcomes in patients with late-onset severe pneumonia (LOSP) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the effects of the initiation time of treatment drugs, especially antiviral drugs and glucocorticoids on the clinical outcomes in 82 patients between January 2016 and August 2021 who developed LOSP after allo-SCT in Peking University People's Hospital. Univariate analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney U test and χ² test, and multivariate analysis was performed by Logistic regression. When multiple groups (n>2) were involved in the χ² test, Bonferroni correction was used for the level of significance test. RESULTS: Of all 82 patients in this study, the median onset time of LOSP was 220 d (93-813 d) after transplantation, and the 60-day survival rate was 58.5% (48/82). The median improvement time of the survival patients was 18 d (7-44 d), while the median death time of the died patients was 22 d (2-53 d). Multivariate analysis showed that the initiation time of antiviral drugs from the onset of LOSP (< 10 d vs. ≥10 d, P=0.012), and the initiation time of glucocorticoids from antiviral drugs (< 10 d vs. ≥10 d, P=0.027) were the factors affecting the final outcome of the patients with LOSP at the end of 60 d. According to the above results, LOSP patients were divided into four subgroups: group A (antiviral drugs < 10 d, glucocorticoids ≥10 d), group B (antiviral drugs < 10 d, glucocorticoids < 10 d), group C (antiviral drugs ≥10 d, glucocorticoids ≥10 d) and group D (antiviral drugs ≥10 d, glucocorticoids < 10 d), the 60-day survival rates were 91.7%, 56.8%, 50.0% and 21.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that in patients who developed LOSP after allo-SCT, the initiation time of antiviral drugs and glucocorticoids were associated with the prognosis of LOSP, and the survival rate was highest in patients who received antiviral drugs early and glucocorticoids later. It suggested that for patients with LOSP of unknown etiology should be highly suspicious of the possibility of a secondary hyperimmune response to viral infection.
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods* ; Humans ; Pneumonia/etiology* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplantation, Homologous/adverse effects*

To ensure the safety of medications, it is vital to accurately authenticate species of the Apocynaceae family, which is rich in poisonous medicinal plants. We identified Apocynaceae species by using nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and psbA-trnH based on experimental data. The identification ability of ITS2 and psbA-trnH was assessed using specific genetic divergence, BLAST1, and neighbor-joining trees. For DNA barcoding, ITS2 and psbA-trnH regions of 122 plant samples of 31 species from 19 genera in the Apocynaceae family were amplified. The PCR amplification for ITS2 and psbA-trnH sequences was 100%. The sequencing success rates for ITS2 and psbA-trnH sequences were 81% and 61%, respectively. Additional data involved 53 sequences of the ITS2 region and 38 sequences of the psbA-trnH region were downloaded from GenBank. Moreover, the analysis showed that the inter-specific divergence of Apocynaceae species was greater than its intra-specific variations. The results indicated that, using the BLAST1 method, ITS2 showed a high identification efficiency of 97% and 100% of the samples at the species and genus levels, respectively, via BLAST1, and psbA-trnH successfully identified 95% and 100% of the samples at the species and genus levels, respectively. The barcode combination of ITS2/psbA-trnH successfully identified 98% and 100% of samples at the species and genus levels, respectively. Subsequently, the neighbor joining tree method also showed that barcode ITS2 and psbA-trnH could distinguish among the species within the Apocynaceae family. ITS2 is a core barcode and psbA-trnH is a supplementary barcode for identifying species in the Apocynaceae family. These results will help to improve DNA barcoding reference databases for herbal drugs and other herbal raw materials.

Metastasis is the main reason that affects the survival and death of cancer patients. In recent years, it has been found that Rab25 is closely related to tumor invasion and metastasis. Rab25 has dual role in tumor metastasis, which can be used as oncogene or tumor suppressor gene. In most tumor types, Rab25 is an oncogene, and only in a few tumors, Rab25 shows tumor suppressor function. However, the dual action mechanism and signal pathway of Rab25 are not very clear. This article summarizes the related research on the role of Rab25 in tumor metastasis.

BACKGROUND:Clinical evaluation gives much attention to occlusion and improvement of soft tissue profile,while little is reported concerning the stress distribution on the temporomandibular joint in the treatment of Class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion adult patients undergoing single maxillary extraction orthodontics.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the stress distribution on the temporomandibular joint in the treatment of Class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion with single maxillary extraction orthodontics.METHODS:The three-dimensional finite element models of normal and Class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion before and after single maxillary extraction orthodontics according to CT and MRI data.The stress distribution on the temporomandibular joint was analyzed after mechanical loading and boundary constraint.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with Class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion,the stress distribution on the temporomandibular joint after single maxillary extraction orthodontics had no significant stress concentration area,and the equivalent stress of the condyle was lower than that before treatment,and the equivalent stress of the articular disc and the glenoid fossa of temporal bone were larger than those before treatment.However,the stress was well-distributed,basically fulfilling the stress characteristics of normal occlusion.To conclude,single maxillary extraction orthodontics reduces the risk of temporomandibular joint disorder in the patients with Class Ⅱ division 1 malocclusion,which is balanced and stable in line with the goal of orthodontic treatment.

This study is to develop a sensitive method by using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detector (HPLC-UV) to simultaneously determine four bioactive compounds, iriflophenone 3-C-beta-D-glucoside, iriflophenone 3,5-C-beta-D-diglucoside, mangiferin, and iriflophenone 2-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside in the leaves of Aquilaria sinensis. An Agilent Zorbax SB-C, column (4, 6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was used, and the gradient elution was performed with mobile phase of 0.1% aqueous phosphoric acid and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was 280 nm, and the column temperature was 25 degrees C. The four marker compounds were well separated with good linearity (R2 > 0.9990), precision, stability and repeatabili y. The-recovery rates were in the range of 98.80%-101.39%. For 15 branch of the leaves, the contents of iriflophenone 3-C-beta-D-gluoside, iriflophenone 3,5-C-beta-D-diglucoside, mangiferin, and iriflophenone 2-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside were between 0.41-14.48, 0.72-3.85, 4.30-29.07, 0.24-5.06 mg, respectivley. This method is precise, accurate and reliable, which provides an efficient way for the quality control of the leaves of A. sinensis. This will promote the comprehensive usage of this plant.
Benzophenones ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; methods ; Thymelaeaceae ; chemistry ; Xanthones ; analysis

The objective of this study was to prepare nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)-based topical gel of Ganoderma Triterpenoids (GTs) and evaluate their effects on frostbite treatment. GT-NLCs was prepared by the high pressure homogenization method and then characterized by morphology and analyses of particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE), and drug loading (DL). The NLCs was suitably gelled for skin permeation studies in vitro and pharmacodynamic evaluation in vivo, compared with the GT emulgel. The GT-NLC remained within the colloidal range and was uniformly dispersed after suitably gelled by carbopol preparation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study showed GT-NLCs was spherical in shape. The EE (%) and DL (%) could reach up to (81.84 ± 0.60)% and (2.13 ± 0.12)%, respectively. The result of X-ray diffractograms (XRD) showed that GTs were in an amorphous state in the NLC-gel. In vitro permeation studies through rat skin indicated that the amount of GTs permeated through skin of GT-NLCs after 24 h was higher than that of GT emulsion, and GT-NLCs increased the accumulative amounts of GTs in epidermis 7.76 times greater than GT emulsion. GT-NLC-gel was found to possess superior therapeutic effect for frostbite, compared with the GT emulgel. The NLC based topical gel of GTs could improve -their therapeutic effect for frostbite.
Animals ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Frostbite ; drug therapy ; Ganoderma ; chemistry ; Gels ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Humans ; Lipids ; chemistry ; Male ; Nanostructures ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

[ Objective] To investigate the resistance of mosquito against insecticides in Songjiang, providing scientific basis for appropriate application of insecticides. [ Methods ] The dipping method and drug velum contacting method were used for determination of the resistance of culex pipiens pallens and anopheles hurcanus sinensis against insecticides. [ Results] Culex pipiens pallens were found to have high resistance to DDVP, resistance coefficient 30.07, and low resistance to cypermethrin, fenobucarb and deltamethrin, resistance coefficient 3.96, 3.25 and 2.79, while their sensitivity to beta-cypermethrin, resistance coefficient 0.28.Anopheles sinensis had R level resistance to DDT and deltamethrin, mortality rates 73.36%and 57.50%respectively. [ Conclusion] Mosquitos in Songjiang District have developed different degrees of resistance to insecticides.In order to control and delay their resistance, insecticides should be alternated and combined in application.

Objective To investigate the effects of knee replacement postoperative on reducing hemoglobin by the different doses of tranexamic acid application.Methods A total of 116 knee replacement patients were enrolled and divided into the treatment group and the control group , 58 cases in each group .The surgical procedures and methods of the two groups were same , as patients in the control group were given intrave-nously before incision tranexamic acid 50 mg? kg -1 , and those in the treatment group received tranexamic acid 100 mg? kg -1 . During the peri-operative phase , the index of operation time , incision size , blood loss during operation , post -surgery drainage and the total number of blood transfusion , as well as hemoglobin were observed . Results Patients in two groups were all discharged after successful com-pletion surgery .The blood loss , postoperative drainage , the total amount of blood transfusion of the treatment group were significantly less than those of control group ( P<0.05 ) .The postoperative values in the two groups were showed significantly decreased ( P<0.05 ) , but preoperative hemoglobin values of the treatment group were significantly higher (P<0.05).The data of preoperative and postoperative coagulation indicators compared between two groups showed no significant difference .Patients were followed up for 3 months.The incidence of complications of deep vein thrombosis (1 case), acute myocardial infarction ( 0 case), transient neuro-logical symptom (1 case) in the treatment group were significantly lower than that in control group (5, 3, 4 cases) (P<0.05).Conclusion High dose of tranexamic acid applications can reduce blood loss and transfusion knee re -placement volume , and relieve the postoperative decrease of hemoglobin , meanwhile , it has no obvious effect on coagu-lation function with defined security .

Ten compounds, including seven sesquiterpenes, two phenols and one phenylpropanoid, were isolated from the roots of Illicium majus by means of silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and preparative HPLC. On analysis of MS and NMR spectroscopic data , their structures were established as cycloparviflorolide (1), cycloparvifloralone (2), tashironin (3), tashironin A (4), anislactone A(5), anislactone B (6), pseudomajucin (7), syringaldehyde (8), methyl-4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxybenzoate (9), and (E)-3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxycinnamic alchol (10), respectively. Compounds 1-4 and 8-10 were first isolated from this plant. In the in vitro assays, at a concentration of 1.0 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1), compounds 5 and 6 were active against LPS induced NO production in microglia with a inhibition rate of 75.31% and 53.7%, respectively.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; Illicium ; chemistry ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry

AIM: To improve the absorption and bioavailability of baicalin using a nanocrystal (or nanosuspension) drug delivery system. METHODS: A tandem, ultrasonic-homogenization-fluid bed drying technology was applied to prepare baicalin-nanocrystal dried powders, and the physicochemical properties of baicalin-nanocrystals were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, photon correlation spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, physical stability, and solubility experiments. Furthermore, in situ intestine single-pass perfusion experiments and pharmacokinetics in rats were performed to make a comparison between the microcrystals of baicalin and pure baicalin in their absorption properties and bioavailability in vivo. RESULTS: The mean particle size of baicalin-nanocrystals was 236 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.173, and a zeta potential value of -34.8 mV, which provided a guarantee for the stability of the reconstituted nanosuspension. X-Ray diffraction results indicated that the crystallinity of baicalin was decreased through the ultrasonic-homogenization process. Physical stability experiments showed that the prepared baicalin-nanocrystals were sufficiently stable. It was shown that the solubility of baicalin in the form of nanocrystals, at 495 μg·mL(-1), was much higher than the baicalin-microcrystals and the physical mixture (135 and 86.4 μg·mL(-1), respectively). In situ intestine perfusion experiments demonstrated a clear advantage in the dissolution and absorption characteristics for baicalin-nanocrystals compared to the other formulations. In addition, after oral administration to rats, the particle size decrease from the micron to nanometer range exhibited much higher in vivo bioavailability (with the AUC(0-t) value of 206.96 ± 21.23 and 127.95 ± 14.41 mg·L(-1)·h(-1), respectively). CONCLUSION The nanocrystal drug delivery system using an ultrasonic-homogenization-fluid bed drying process is able to improve the absorption and in vivo bioavailability of baicalin, compared with pure baicalin coarse powder and micronized baicalin.
Animals ; Biological Availability ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Solubility ; Ultrasonics ; X-Ray Diffraction