An analytical method based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-HRMS/MS)and high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(HPLC-TQ MS)was established to reveal the characteristics of various sulfur mustard analogs with different active thiol molecules in CWC Schedule 1.A.04.Firstly,the toxic agents were prepared by micro-directed synthesis,and then the differences of the reactivity and abundance of formed adducts between different sulfur mustards and glutathione(GSH),cysteine(Cys)and N-acetylcysteine(NAC)in incubation solution,plasma and cell were investigated,respectively.The results indicated that all target sulfur mustards could react with three kinds of thiol molecules.The content of Cys and sulfur mustard adducts in plasma was higher than that of GSH and sulfur mustard adducts,while NAC and sulfur mustard adducts might have fewer types of adducts due to low content or poor mass spectrometry response.Additionally,the content of GSH and sulfur mustard adducts in exposed cells was higher than that of Cys,which should be due to the significant difference in the content of thiol molecules in plasma and cells.

Humans ; Osteoma, Osteoid/surgery* ; Bone Neoplasms/surgery* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective: To investigate the safety, feasibility and short-term efficacy of total laparoscopic loop ileostomy reversal in patients after resection of rectal cancer. Methods: The clinical data of 20 patients who underwent total laparoscopic loop ileoscopic loop ileostomy after radical resection of rectal cancer at Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, or Beijing Chaoyang District Sanhuan Cancer Hospital from October 2019 to June 2020 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Results: All patients had successfully underwent total laparoscopic ileostomy reversal without conversion to open surgery or discontinued operation. No perioperative related death cases were found. In the whole group, the median operation time was 97 (60-145) minutes and the median intraoperative blood loss was 20 (10-100) milliliters. The median Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score was 1.9 (1-5) one day after the operation. Nobody needed to use additional analgesic drugs. The median time to grand activities was 25 (16-42) hours, the median time to flatus was 44 (19-51) hours, and the median hospitalization after operation was 6.9 (5-9) days. No patients underwent operation related complications such as operative incision infection, abdominal and pelvic infection, intestinal obstruction, anastomotic leakage, bleeding and so on. Conclusions: Total laparoscopic loop ileostomy reversal appears to be safe, feasible and with promising efficacy for selected patients.
Humans ; Ileostomy ; Retrospective Studies ; Laparoscopy ; Rectal Neoplasms/surgery* ; Anastomotic Leak ; Anastomosis, Surgical

OBJECTIVE: To compare the distribution characteristics of pressing sensitive acupoints on the body surface between bronchial asthma (BA) patients and healthy subjects, and to analyze the distribution rules of pressing sensitive acupoints in BA patients. METHODS: Seventy BA patients and 70 healthy subjects were selected in this study. The pressing sensitive acupoints were checked with finger pulp and marked on human nerve segment graph. The numbers of pressing sensitive acupoints were counted and the positional relationship between distribution of pressing sensitive acupoints and the position of meridians and nerve segment was observed. RESULTS: (1) The incidence rates of pressing sensitive acupoints in BA patients group and healthy subjects group were 91.4% (64/70) and 15.7% (11/70) respectively, and the BA patients group was higher than the healthy subjects group (<0.01). (2) The top 3 meridians with pressing sensitive acupoints occuring in BA patients were bladder meridian of foot-, lung meridian of hand- and large intestine meridian of hand-, and the most frequent pressing sensitive acupoints were Feishu（BL 13）, Xinshu（BL 15）, Chize（LU 5） and Jueyinshu (BL 14). (3) The pressing sensitive acupoints in BA patients were distributed mainly on C, C and T-T nerve segment. CONCLUSION Pressing sensitive acupoints have a close correlation with physical condition, and there is a close relation between pressing sensitive acupoints distribution and corresponding meridians and nerve segments in BA patients.

Percolation extraction is a conventional extraction method used in the processing of traditional Chinese medicines. After medicinal material powder is placed in a percolation tank, the extraction solvent is continuously added, and percolation extract is collected simultaneously. The percolation equipment is simple. The percolation operation is easy. It is applicable to a wide range of medicinal materials. Components that are unstable under thermal conditions can be effectively extracted. However, there are also disadvantages, such as high solvent consumption, long extraction time, and high energy consumption in subsequent concentration processes. This article mainly reviews the research progress on the common equipment types, affecting factors, parameter optimization methods, and process monitoring. According to analysis on literatures, solvent composition, impregnation time, percolation speed, and solvent consumption are considered as the important factors of percolation processes. At present, near-infrared spectroscopy is widely used in the monitoring of percolation process, and partial least square is a commonly used quantitative modeling method. According to the concept of "Quality by Design", in-depth investigation of the percolation process mechanism and development of process control methods are future development trends. Therefore, process modeling, process optimization and process monitoring shall be improved. The mechanism models and the empirical models of column chromatography can be used as references to construct the percolation process models. The effect of the quality changes of medicinal materials shall be taken into account when optimizing the percolation process parameters. More simple and easy methods shall be developed to monitor the percolation process status and key properties of percolation extracts.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Powders ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared

Quality marker(Q-marker) is a new concept and pattern for quality control of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),which will lead the development direction for quality control of TCM.Among them,how to characterize the overall quality attribute of TCM and its biological effect,is a critical scientific problem in the study of Q-marker.In this paper,integrated pharmacology is utilized to screen out and confirm the Q-marker from the complex system of TCM,so as to solve the critical scientific problem.System biology in vivo is firstly applied to establish the correlation of chemical fingerprints of TCM,their metabolic fingerprints,network targets,biological effects and efficacy of TCM,which is used to preliminary screen out Q-marker of TCM.Following that,a pharmacological method in vitro,including intestinal absorption in vitro coupled with bioactivity assessment,is employed to simultaneously determine the absorbed doses of TCM and evaluate their biological activity.Furthermore,data mining is utilized to establish the exact quantitative mathematic model between Q-marker of TCM and bioactivity.Meanwhile,two representative examples,including Yuanhu Zhitong tablets,Xinsuning capsules,are introduced to identify Q-marker of TCM and establish their quality standards related with bioactivity,which will be beneficial to improve the level of quality control of TCM and ensure the effectiveness and safety of clinical applications.

Objective:To observe the effects of recipes for tonifying kidney and replenishing Qi, Zuoguiwan (ZG) and Yiqi Congming Tang(YQ) on memory capacity, expressions of learning and memory-related genes expression, and explore the changes in relevant epigenetic modification enzymes. Method:SD male rats with natural aging (24 months old) were used as animal models and randomly divided into aged control group, aged ZG group(12.12 g·kg^-1), aged YQ group(10.18 g·kg^-1), aged compound group(11.15 g·kg^-1) and aged antagonist RU38486 group(5×10^-3g·kg^-1). Another 5 months old male SD rats were included as the young control group. Morris water maze method was used to observe the spatial learning and memory ability of the rats. The co-localizations of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) in hippocampus of rats in each group were observed by laser confocal microscope. The changes in expressions of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), synapsin1(Syn-1), HDAC2, and histone acetyltransferase 1(HAT1) proteins in hippocampus of each group were detected by Western blot, and mRNA expression of HDAC2 was detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase Chain reaction (Real-time PCR). At the same time, the effects of ZG, YQ and compound decoction in alleviating the above-mentioned abnormal changes were observed. Result:Compared with the young control group(control group), the latency of the aged control group was significantly prolonged (P<0.05), the number of crossing platforms was significantly reduced (P<0.05); compared with the aged control group(model group), the latencies of the ZG group and the YQ group were significantly shortened (P<0.05), and the numbers of crossing platforms were increased. Compared with the young control group, the protein and mRNA expressions of HDAC2 in the aged control group were significantly increased (P<0.05,P<0.01), and the co-expression with MeCP2 in the nucleus was significantly increased; and the expressions of HAT1, GR and Syn-1 were significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01). ZG, YQ and compound can all alleviate the abnormal changes of the above indicators to varying degrees, but the YQ and the compound group had no effect on HAT1. Conclusion:ZG group, YQ group, and compound group can improve the spatial learning and memory abilities of aged rats by increasing the expression of learning-memory-associated protein GR and epigenetic modification enzyme HAT1, and reducing the expression of HDAC2 and the co-localization of HDAC2 protein and MeCP2 in the nucleus.

This study aims to develop the quality standards of Fructus Corni piece standard decoction. Morroniside and loganin were considered as index components. The content determination method of morroniside and loganin were developed. The fingerprint analysis method was also established. The standard decoctions of 15 batches of Fructus Corni pieces from Henan, Zhejiang, and Shaanxi were analyzed. The similarity values of fingerprint were all above 0.99. The transfer rates of morroniside were all higher than 100%. The quality evaluation indices of standard decoction were discussed. The transfer rate of an index component was not easy to be measured accurately and its concept was not rigorous. Therefore, index component yield was suggested as an evaluation index of standard decoction. Two methods for setting quality standards of standard decoctions, which were the ■ method and the ■ method, were compared. It was found that the standard range of ■ method was wider and more suitable for smaller sample size of standard decoction. The quality standards of Fructus Corni standard decoction were as follows, dry matter extraction ratio 37.48%-69.60%; morroniside yield 8.719-16.19 mg·g~(-1) piece; loganin yield 4.342-8.064 mg·g~(-1) piece.
Cornus ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; standards ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Quality Control

In this work,a high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet( HPLC-UV) detection technology was used to establish fingerprint analysis method for Sanye Tangzhiqing Decoction following an analytical quality by design( AQb D) approach. Firstly,column temperature,flow rate,and gradient elution conditions were determined as the method parameters needing to be optimized. Then according to the results of definitive screening design,three critical method attributes( CMAs) were identified,including peak number,the percentage of common peak area to total peak area,and retention time of the last peak. A stepwise regression method was used then to build quantitative models between CMAs and method parameters. Probability-based design space was calculated and successfully verified using the experimental error simulation method. After the analysis conditions were optimized,the contents of six components,namely chlorogenic acid,paeoniflorin,rutin,hyperoside,quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide,and salvianolic acid B were simultaneously determined. There were 19 common peaks in the fingerprint and their common peak area accounted for 96% of the total peak area. Both fingerprint and quantitative analysis methods were validated applicable in methodology study,and they can be applied to determine new samples.
Chlorogenic Acid ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal

In this work, two algorithms (overlapping method and the probability-based method) for design space calculation were compared by using the data collected from extraction process of Codonopsis Radix as an example. In the probability-based method, experimental error was simulated to calculate the probability of reaching the standard. The effects of several parameters on the calculated design space were studied, including simulation number, step length, and the acceptable probability threshold. For the extraction process of Codonopsis Radix, 10 000 times of simulation and 0.02 for the calculation step length can lead to a satisfactory design space. In general, the overlapping method is easy to understand, and can be realized by several kinds of commercial software without coding programs, but the reliability of the process evaluation indexes when operating in the design space is not indicated. Probability-based method is complex in calculation, but can provide the reliability to ensure that the process indexes can reach the standard within the acceptable probability threshold. In addition, there is no probability mutation in the edge of design space by probability-based method. Therefore, probability-based method is recommended for design space calculation.