This article reports the live birth of a healthy newborn using vitrified-warmed oocytes from fertility preservation before ovarian surgery. The patient in our case underwent two cycles of controlled ovarian stimulation before laparoscopic bilateral ovarian cystectomy for endometriosis, and a total of 23 mature oocytes were vitrified. After surgery, her pathologic reports revealed a serous borderline tumor and endometrioma. Fifteen months after her second surgery of laparoscopic right salpingo-oophorectomy and left ovarian cystectomy owing to recurrence, she had been married by then, and three of the frozen oocytes were thawed for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. These oocytes were cryopreserved for 2.5 years. All three were fertilized, and two grade-A cleavage-stage embryos were transferred.A singleton pregnancy was achieved, resulting in the delivery of a healthy baby boy at 39.3 weeks of gestation. Oocyte cryopreservation is an effective method for fertility preservation prior to ovarian surgery when ovarian function decline is predictable.

Objective: In this retrospective study, we analyzed factors influencing the ongoing pregnancy rate (PR) in women with repeated implantation failure (RIF) undergoing embryo transfer with endometrial receptivity array (ERA). Methods: Eighty-three consecutive personalized embryo transfers (pETs) with ERA, from 54 women with RIF, were selected from June 2020 to April 2022. Vitrified blastocyst transfer was timed based on ERA results. Results: The ongoing PR per pET was 33.7%. Using ERA, the endometrium was identified as pre-receptive in 26 cycles, early receptive in 25 cycles, receptive in 31 cycles, and late receptive in one cycle. With cycles categorized into three receptivity phases (pre-receptive, early receptive, or receptive), no significant differences were found in the clinical PR (27.3%, 55.6%, and 40%, respectively) or ongoing PR (9.1%, 55.6%, and 40%, respectively) after a single blastocyst transfer. Similarly, no significant differences were observed in the clinical PR or ongoing PR after the transfer of two or more blastocysts. Among women with ongoing pregnancy relative to those without, age at first pET was significantly lower (35 years vs. 39 years, p=0.001), while blastocyst score (23 vs. 18, p=0.012) and the proportion of blastocyst scores >18 (71.4% vs. 38.9%, p=0.005) were significantly higher. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the woman’s age (odds ratio [OR], 0.814; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.706 to 0.940; p=0.005) and blastocyst score >18 (OR, 3.052; 95% CI, 1.075 to 8.665; p=0.036) were identified as significant factors influencing ongoing pregnancy. Conclusion In pET with ERA, ongoing pregnancy was closely associated with woman’s age and blastocyst quality.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been widely administered throughout the global community to minimize the morbidity and mortality caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although generally well-tolerated, these vaccines have generated some unwanted consequences, including thrombosis and menstrual irregularities. The effect of vaccination on female reproductive function has also been questioned. The aim of this review is to give readers a clear understanding of the effects of COVID-19 vaccines on thrombosis, reproductive function, and menstrual irregularities by systemically analyzing the available literature. The available evidence suggests that COVID-19 vaccines have a minimal impact on ovarian reserve. Furthermore, in vitro fertilization outcomes after COVID-19 vaccination remain unimpaired compared to those who did not receive the vaccines. Current evidence supports a certain degree of impact of COVID-19 vaccines on the menstrual cycle, with the most frequent alteration being menstrual irregularity, followed by menorrhagia. These changes are generally well-tolerated and transient, lasting less than 2 months. This review, by providing information with up-to-date references on this issue, may enhance readers’ understanding of the impact of COVID-19 vaccines on female reproductive function and the menstrual cycle.

Fertility preservation is a major concern in young patients diagnosed with breast cancer and planning to receive multimodality treatment, including gonadotoxic chemotherapy with or without age-related decline through long-term endocrine therapy. Most breast cancer patients undergo multimodality treatments; many short-term and long-term side effects arise during these therapies. One of the most detrimental side effects is reduced fertility due to gonadotoxic treatments with resultant psychosocial stress. Cryopreservation of oocytes, embryos, and ovarian tissue are currently available fertility preservation methods for these patients. As an adjunct to these methods, in vitro maturation or gonadotropinreleasing hormone agonist could also be considered. It is also essential to communicate well with patients in the decision-making process on fertility preservation. It is essential to refer patients diagnosed with breast cancer on time to fertility specialists for individualized treatment, which may lead to desirable outcomes. To do so, a multimodal team-based approach and in-depth discussion on the treatment of breast cancer and fertility preservation is crucial. This review aims to summarize infertility risk related to currently available breast cancer treatment, options for fertility preservation and its details, barriers to oncofertility counseling, and psychosocial issues.