Objective: To explore the distribution characteristics of the influencing factors of injury among left behind primary school students, so as to provide a reference for identifying high risk injury groups and carrying out accurate injury intervention. Methods: From August 2021 to July 2022, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 3 769 students from grades 4 to 6 from nine primary schools in three townships in Pingliang City by using the a random cluster sampling method. Multiple correspondence analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of injury. Results: The detection rate of injuries among non left behind pupils was 21.8%(573/2 631), whereas the detection rate of injuries among left behind pupils was 40.9%(466/1 138). In addition, a statistically significant difference was observed in the detection rate of injuries between left behind pupils and non left behind pupils ( χ 2=146.21, P <0.01). Among the injuries of left behind pupils, 263 had fall related injuries, accounting for the highest proportion ( 56.4 %). Whether it was an only child，and different grades, gender, personality, psychological status, monitoring type, and maternal education level were statistically significant ( χ 2=39.05, 96.69, 143.00, 155.80, 461.39, 285.35, 17.10, P <0.01). The multiple correspondence analysis category graph showed higher rates of fall injuries, blunt injuries and sharp injuries among boys, extroverted personality types, and left behind pupils whose grandparents were their legal guardians. Animal bites, burns and other injury types were higher among left behind pupils with an introverted personality, pupils in peer/other guardianship situations, and those with a sub mental health status. Unharmed left behind students mainly included those with intermediate personality and mental health characteristics. Conclusion The injury detection rate among left behind primary school students is high. Gender, personality type, guardianship type, and mental health status are closely related to injury. Extroverted boys under grandparents guardians are identified as high risk groups for injury prevention and control. Under the guidance of the precision prevention model, precision intervention strategies for all round high risk groups should be carried out in order to effectively reduce the occurrence of injuries among left behind pupils.