In the context of global climate change, the impact of ambient temperature change on cardiovascular health has become increasingly significant. Epidemiological studies have shown that both high and low temperature can lead to the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. For example, exposure to low temperature and high temperature, and diurnal temperature difference can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) mortality. Exposure to cold and heat, heatwaves and cold spells may induce myocardial infarction. Low temperature, high temperature and variations in temperature can increase the risk of heart failure. There are complex interactions among the effects of temperature and humidity, wind speed, radiation, precipitation and air pollution on adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Valnerable groups such as the elderly, patients with chronic diseases, and outdoor workers are particularly susceptible to temperature-related CVD risks. The mechanisms by which temperature affects adverse cardiovascular outcomes involves hemodynamic changes, autonomic nervous system dysregulation, blood rheology alterations, as well as inflammation and metabolic abnormalities, but many research gaps remain. Future studies should conduct in-depth research on mechanisms, individual differences, climate change impacts, and public health interventions to provide more effective policies and interventions to reduce the burden of CVD.

Background Prior epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to pyrethroid insecticides may adversely affect children’s respiratory health. However, only limited studies are currently available on this topic in China. Objective To explore the association between exposure to pyrethroid insecticides and pulmonary function in children in Shanghai. Methods From August 2019 to January 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted, recruiting 163 healthy school-aged children (aged 5–12 years) from Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Basic information, including age, height, weight, and family income, was collected. Urine samples from the children were collected and were analyzed for the levels of three pyrethroid insecticide metabolites: 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (CDCCA), and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (TDCCA). Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was used for the analysis. Spirometry was used to assess pulmonary function and recorded following parameters: peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow between the 25th and 75th percentiles of forced vital capacity (FEF_25-75), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV₁/FVC. Multiple linear regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to evaluate the associations between urinary pyrethroid insecticide metabolite levels and pulmonary function parameters. Results The study included 163 school-aged children, with an average age of (7.04 ± 2.08) years and an average body mass index (BMI) of (16.04 ± 2.72) kg·m⁻²; 75 (46.01%) of the participants were boys. The detection rates of 3-PBA, TDCCA, and CDCCA in urine were 85.28%, 17.79%, and 4.91%, respectively. The median creatinine-adjusted 3-PBA concentration was 0.150 μg·g⁻¹. After adjusting for confounders such as height, BMI, sex, age, delivery mode, annual family income, and maternal education level, the multiple linear regression model showed that urinary 3-PBA levels were negatively associated with both FVC [β=−0.030, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.058, −0.003; P=0.031] and FEV₁ (β=−0.032, 95%CI: −0.064, 0.000; P=0.04998). The final restricted cubic spline model showed a nonlinear association between urinary 3-PBA levels and FVC, FEV₁, PEF, and FEF_25-75（P for nonlinear < 0.05；P for overall < 0.05）. Conclusion The level of pyrethroid insecticide exposure in school-aged children in Shanghai is relatively high. The urinary 3-PBA concentration is negatively associated with pulmonary function, indicating potential adverse effects of pyrethroid insecticide exposure on respiratory health of school-aged children.

Objective:To carry out evidence-based nursing for standardized management of stress hyperglycemia in perioperative period of gastrointestinal tumor patients, and to formulate indicators, analyze obstacles and promoting factors, formulate action strategies.Methods:Guided by the Johns Hopkins evidence-based nursing model, evidence were searched, evaluated and summarized. Clinical indicators and review methods were formulated to carry out quality review. From November 2021 to April 2022, the medical staff and patients in the gastrointestinal surgery department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University who met the inclusion criteria were conducted, and the incidence of compliance rate was calculated. Based on the results of the baseline review, the obstacles and contributing factors were analyzed.Results:A total of 26 pieces of best evidence were included and 14 indicators were formulated for 48 medical staff and 45 patients to clinical review, among which the compliance rate of 7 indicators was less than 60%. The main obstacle factors were lack of procedures and instruments for management of perioperative stress hyperglycemia in gastrointestinal tumor patients, lack of knowledge of medical staff, etc. The main promoting factors were organizational support, good atmosphere of medical team cooperation, strong willingness to change, etc.Conclusions:There is a big gap between the clinical practice and the best evidence of perioperative stress hyperglycemia management in patients with gastrointestinal tumor. Action strategies should be put forward for obstacles and promoting factors to promote evidence transformation.

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of Xiaojin Pills in the treatment of breast cancer using an integrated network pharmacology and experimental verification.Methods The chemical components and potential targets of Xiaojin Pills were obtained from TCMSP,TCM-ID,ETCM and SwissTargetPrediction databases.Breast cancer related targets were collected from GeneCards,OMIM and KEGG databases.The overlapped targets were imported into STRING database to analysis a protein-protein interaction(PPI).The key targets of PPI networks were screened based on node topology parameter values through Cytoscape 3.8.0.DAVID database was used to analyze the GO and KEGG pathway enrichment to build drug-chemical components-key targets-signaling pathway network.The breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 were used to study the effects of Xiaojin Pills extract on cell apoptosis,migration and invasion,and to verify the key pathway obtained by enrichment analysis.Results Totally 181 chemical components in Xiaojin Pills were obtained,including quercetin,myricetin,pinocembrin and β-sitosterol.615 potential targets were identified for the anti-breast cancer effects of Xiaojin Pills.After overlapping,170 key targets against breast cancer were identified based on the topological analysis,which included SRC,ERK1/2,AKT1,EGFR,etc.KEGG analysis enriched pathways including pathways in cancer,MAPK signaling pathway,endocrine resistance,PI3K-AKT signaling pathway,EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance,apoptosis,and HIF-1 signaling pathway,which may play important roles in the therapeutic effects of Xiaojin Pills against breast cancer.GO enrichment was involved in protein phosphorylation,inflammatory response,negative regulation of apoptosis,and positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascades.Cell experiments showed that Xiaojin Pills further induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways.At the same time,the expressions of ZO-1 and β-catenin increased,and the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation process was reversed to inhibit the metastasis of breast cancer cells.Conclusion The key targets and signaling pathways of Xiaojin Pills in the treatment of breast cancer are studied through network pharmacology combined with in vitro experiments,which provided a basis for further study of its pharmacodynamic material basis,mechanism of action and clinical application.

Objective:To assess the prevalence of dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) and related factors in urban adults in China.Methods:The study was designed as an observational, cross-sectional epidemiological study carried out in adults aged 18-69 years old in seven cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Chengdu, Xi′an, Guangzhou, and Harbin) of China. The study was conducted from March 2021 to May 2023. Patients were required to complete a questionnaire regarding the subjects′ socio-economic factors, dietary behavior, oral health behavior and personal antecedent factors. DH was clinically diagnosed by judging whether the tooth cold air stimulation provoked DH or not, and recorded by investigator pain rating Schiff score. Compare the findings of six cities (Harbin excluded) with a similar study conducted in 2008.Results:In total, 11 622 subjects from seven cities in China participated the study. Fifty two point two percent (6 072/11 622) of subjects reported DH in questionnaire, 36.7% (4 266/11 622) of subjects reported experiencing DH in response to cold air stimulation for at least one study tooth. Risk factors including age, sex, city, toothbrush method and acid reflux showed marked associations with DH ( P<0.05). The prevalence of DH of urban residents in six cities (Harbin excluded) was 33.7% (3 335/9 882), higher than that in 2008 [29.7%(2 354/7 939)]. Conclusions:Overall, DH was common among urban adults in China and the prevalence increased in recent years. Better understanding of DH and its associated factors should be considered in its prevention and management by dental professionals.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Tongdu Huoxue decoction in the treatment of acute lumbar disc herniation （LDH）. MethodA total of 316 patients with acute LDH admitted to the orthopedic outpatient department of Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Honghu City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to June 2023 were randomly divided into two groups. 156 cases in the control group （two cases with stopped follow-up） were treated with meloxicam tablets， while 153 cases in the observation group （five cases with stopped follow-up） were treated with Tongdu Huoxue decoction. Both groups were treated for three months. The clinical efficacy， McGill Pain Score Scale （SF-MPQ）， Oswestry Dysfunction Index （ODI） score， and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association （JOA） scores of the two groups before and after treatment were compared. The serum levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） of the patients before and after treatment were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The NDI-092 type electromyography-evoked potential instrument was adopted to measure the motor conduction velocity and clinical efficacy of the tibial and common peroneal nerves in patients of the two groups before and after treatment， and the clinical safety of the two groups of patients was compared. ResultAfter treatment， the total effective rate in the observation group was 95.4% （146/153）， significantly higher than that in the control group of 76.3% （119/156） （χ² =23.18， P<0.05）. After treatment， both groups showed significant reductions in SF-MPQ and ODI scores， as well as the levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α （P<0.05）， with the observation group showing a more significant reduction （P<0.05）. Both groups showed a significant increase in JOA scores and motor conduction velocities of the tibial and common peroneal nerves after treatment （P<0.05）， with the observation group showing a more significant increase （P<0.05）. ConclusionTongdu Huoxue decoction can alleviate lumbar and leg pain in acute LDH， improve lumbar spine function， and suppress inflammatory reactions. It is highly safe and is worthy of clinical promotion.

Perimenopausal syndrome （MPS）， a common endocrine system disease， is one of the diseases responding specifically to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. The China Association of Chinese Medicine organized experts in endocrinology， gynecology， and interdisciplinary fields of both Western and Chinese medicine to discuss the advantages and challenges of diagnosing and treating MPS with Western medicine， TCM， and integrative medicine. Experts at the conference believe that MPS is initiated by estrogen decline and rooted in deficiency， with the pathogenesis being imbalance between Yin and Yang in the kidney. The hormone replacement therapy in Western medicine for menopause can rapidly alleviate related symptoms by quickly restoring the estrogen level and timely detect and delay complications of menopause， whereas such a therapy has certain risks， necessitating close monitoring of adverse reactions. Moreover， the various contraindications and precautions limit the clinical application of the hormone replacement therapy. TCM has advantages in synergistically alleviating symptoms such as hot flashes， sweating， sleep disorders， and emotional abnormalities of MPS without causing obvious adverse reactions. However， its efficacy is slower than the hormone replacement therapy， and the TCM evidence for preventing and treating complications of menopause remains unclear. Three suggestions were proposed for the future development of both Western and TCM for ameliorating MPS. First， an integrated diagnosis and treatment system for MPS with both Western and Chinese medicine should be established. Second， high-quality evidence-based interventions for MPS should be developed with TCM alone or in combination with Western medicine. Third， efforts should be made to promote the new TCM drug development and the interdisciplinary cooperation for treating MPS.