Objective To analyze the demand for non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) services and related influencing factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Liuzhou City, Guangxi Province. Methods MSM was recruited in Liuzhou City, Guangxi Province. Face-to-face survey was used to collect demographic information, knowledge about AIDS, history of high-risk behavior, knowledge and demand for nPEP services. 2 test was used to analyze the differences of demand for nPEP services among MSM with different characteristics and different high-risk behaviors. Log-binomial regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of demand for nPEP services. Prevalence ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated. Results 31.1% of MSM population had heard of nPEP service, and 61.6% of them needed the service after being informed of nPEP about its protective effect. 58.6% of MSM would spend money to buy nPEP service after high-risk behavior. Logistic regression analysis showed that the education level was university degree or above (PR=2.743, 95% CI: 1.996-3.450), the perception of the local MSM AIDS epidemic was not serious or unknown (PR=0.211, 95% CI: 0.112-0.294), and the number of temporary sexual partners in half a year was 2 or more (PR=3.642, 95% CI: 2.223-4.842), these subjects above were influencing factors of nPEP service demanded for respondents. Conclusions MSM population in Liuzhou area of Guangxi have a certain need for nPEP service. We should implement nPEP service as soon as possible in accordance with local conditions, and strengthen the corresponding propaganda to reduce the harm of AIDS to MSM population.

The study of interaction mechanism between chrysin and leptin was investigated by various spectroscopic techniques and atom force microscope. The ultraviolet spectrum presents a red shift in 200-220 nm after chrysin upon. And there is a structure alternative showed in 270 nm when the concentration ratio of chrysin and leptin in 10-15. From the fluorescence spectrum, it was found that chrysin could combine with leptin in physiological condition. The binding constant (Ka) values, at 298 K and 310 K, were (0.41±0.05)×10⁶ and (3.26±0.46)×10⁶ L·mol⁻¹, and the binding site number were 1.02±0.04 and 0.51±0.01, respectively. The atom force microscope results showed that the dimension of leptin molecules became more swollen after binding with chrysin because of the hydrophobicity. These results demonstrate that the mechanism of chrysin and leptin interaction could play a role in leptin adjust in human body, and it could provide a new aspect for the study of obesity treatment.

Background and objective Post-operation management of minimally invasive thoracic surgery is simi-lar to that of open surgery, especially on the drainage tube of the chest. hTe aim of this study is to compare the advantages of us-ing 16 F versus 28 F chest tubes in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy of lung cancer.Methods Data from 163 patients (February-May 2014) who underwent VATS lobectomy of lung cancer with insertion of one chest drain (16 F or 28 F) were analyzed. hTe following post-operative data were evaluated: primary healing of tube incision, CXR abnormalities (pneumothorax, lfuid, atelectasis, subcutaneous emphysema, and hematoma), drainage time, new drain insertion, and wound healing at the site of insertion.Results A total of 75 patients received 28 F chest tubes, and 88 patients received 16 F chest tubes. Both groups were similar in age, gender, comorbidities, and pathological evaluation of resection specimens. Atfer adjust-ment, no statistically signiifcant difference was found between the two groups in relation to tube-related complications includ-ing residual pneumothoraces (4.00%vs 4.44%;P=0.999), subcutaneous emphysema (8.00%vs 6.67%;P=0.789), retained hemothorax (0vs41%,P=0.253), and drainage time [(28.4±16.12) hvs(22.1±11.8) h;P=0.120)] hTe average total drainage volume and rrhythmia rates of the 16 F group [(365±106) mL, 14.67%)] was less than that of the 28 F group [(665±217) mL, 4.5%;P=0.030,P=0.047]. hTe rates of primary healing at the site of insertion in the 16 F group (95.45%) was higher than that in the 28 F group (77.73%,P=0.039). A signiifcant difference was found on the post-operative length of stay of the two groups [(4.23±0.05) dvs(4.57±0.16) d,P=0.078].Conclusion hTe use of 16 F chest tube for VATS lobectomy of patients with lung cancer did not affect the clinically relevant outcomes tested. However, 16 F chest tube facilitated faster wound healing at the site of insertion.

This study was purposed to elucidate the influence of donor mouse age on the establishment of murine acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) model after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The male mice with 2-week-old, 10-week-old and 18-week-old mice (BALB/cH-2Kb) were taken as donors. The 8-week-old mice (BALB/c, H-2Kd) were selected as recipients. Each group animals were irradiated with 7.5 Gy (60)Co for total body, the recipient mice were injected intravenously with 1 × 10⁷ bone marrow cells and 1 × 10⁷ spleenoctyes from various donors in 4-5 hours after irradiation. Mouse transplant characteristics and survival were observed every day. The white blood cell number in peripheral blood of each group were counted at day 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 after transplantation. Furthermore, the pathological damage in the liver, spleen, lung and intestines were evaluated by sectioning and in situ hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The results showed that compared with the 2-week-old and 10-week-old donor groups, mice received bone marrow (BM) cells and splenocytes from 18-week-old mice showed higher incidence of aGVHD, lower clinical GVHD scores and suffered from diarrhea, ruffled hair, a hunched posture, and diminished body weight. In contrast, mice received BM cells and splenocytes from 2-week-old donor mice indicated attenuated GVHD symptoms and survived longer. The histo-pathological analysis in 18-week-old donor group demonstrated the most serious pathological damage in the liver, spleen, lung and intestines. It is concluded that the donor age has been confired to have an obvious influence on the establishment of murine aGVHD model. This study lay an important foundation for establishing animal models and may be helpful for further study.
Acute Disease ; Aging ; Animals ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Spleen ; Transplantation, Homologous

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective method for the treating of malignant diseases of hematopoietic system or non-malignant proliferative diseases, but the occurrence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) limits the success rate of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Moreover, chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is the main factor affecting the long-term survival rate and life quality of recipient after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In this article, the latest research progress of the pathogenesis of cGVHD and related problems are reviewed from the thymus, cytokines, T lymphocyte subsets, B lymphocytes and its secreted antibody.
Chronic Disease ; Graft vs Host Disease ; immunology ; pathology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Transplantation, Homologous

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of different irradiation doses on the establishment of murine cGVHD model after MHC matched spleen stem cell transplantation. The male mouse BALB/c(H)-2d was totally irradiated with different radiation dose of (60)Co (TBI), then was infused with the same number of splenocytes from MHC matched DBA/2 male mice. After transplantation, the bodyweight, general appearance, hair changes, survival time and pathological damage were observed. The results indicated that compared to the control group (0 Gy) and the 7.0 Gy group, the mice irradiated with 7.5 Gy and 8.0 Gy showed cGVHD symptoms and obvious pathological damage. At the end of experiments (60 d after transplantation), all mice irradiated by 7.5 Gy survived while only 60% animals survived in the 8.0 Gy group. It is concluded that under infusion of 10(8) MHC matched splenocytes per mouse, 7.5 Gy irradiation is appropriate to efficiently establish cGVHD model. This study laid an important foundation for further studying the pathogenesis, biological characteristics, and intervention factors of cGVHD.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Graft Survival ; radiation effects ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Radiation Dosage ; Spleen ; cytology ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Transplantation Conditioning ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Whole-Body Irradiation

Objective To investigate the effect of employers' respirator and hat wearing method on class 100 000 clean ICU air quality,in order to provide basis for hospital infection management in ICU.Methods For the control group,the first day (d1) and third day (d3),every employer was demanded to wear a respirator and a hat before entering the ICU.For the observation group,the second day (d2) and forth day (d4),employers were demanded not to wear any respirator or hat.During all four days,they must wear respirator and hat before any nursing operation.Air quality was sampled by class 100 000 clean air using flat panel natural settlement method,dust planktonic bacteria method and particle counting method.The amount of dust,plankton bacterium and descending bacteria were monitored for 4 days and compared between two groups.Results The difference of 0.5 μm dust particles in ICU between the control group and the observation group were statistically significant ( F =40.95,P ＜ 0.05 ).As to 5.0 μm dust particles,there was no significant difference between two groups (F =2.86,P ＞ 0.05 ).0.5 μm dust particles in ICU was lower at d1 and d3,and the difference was statistically significant ( F =40.95,P ＜ 0.05).The number of 0.5 μm dust particles had significant difference between different periods of a day:the morning time segmcnt＞ evening ＞ afternoon ( F =80.72,P ＜0.05 ).The number of 0.5 μm dust particles in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant ( F =68.84,P ＜ 0.05 ).The number of 5.0 μm dust particles had significant difference between different time periods of a day:the morning time segment ＞afternoon ＞ evening ( F =98.17,P ＜ 0.01 ).The number of dust particles at hall was larger than that at single and double rooms (P ＜0.01 ),but the number had no difference between single room and double room.More subsidence bacteria and floatingbacteria was detected during dl and d3 in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Besides,the difference of the number of subsidence bacteria and floating bacteria in ICU between different time periods was also statistically significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The number of 0.5 μm dust particles in ICU is smaller when workers wear hats and respirators,while the number of 5.0 μm dust particles remains the same.Under the other conditions remain unchanged,the mainly cause of number increase of dusts,planktonic bacteria and sedimentation bacteria in the morning rounds is the increasing number of working staff.ICU staff has no apparent effect on dynamic class 100 000 clean ICU air quality whether they wear respirators or hats.This kind of behavior is not the key management elements in clean ICU environment.

Objective To study the dynamic air quality of clean ICU so as to provide evidence for hospital infection management in clean ICU.Methods Flat natural sedimentation method,six percussive determination of planktonic bacteria and dust particle counting method were used to get samples at three different time periods,different regions for four consecutive days in 100 000 air clean ICU.Results The counts of 0.5μm,5 μm dust particles at different time ( morning,afternoon,evening) were significantly different( F =78.85,89.94 ;P ＜ 0.01 ) and the monitor results of different regions( single rooms,double rooms,hall) were significantly different( F =20.21,16.17; P ＜ 0.01 ).The number of planktonic bacteria at different time (morning,afternoon,evening) were significant different(F =14.21,P ＜0.01 ),while there was no difference in different regions ( single rooms,double rooms,hall) ( F =0.98,P ＞ 0.05 ).There was significant difference of depositing bacterial counts at different time and regions( F =5.68,17.05,P ＜ 0.01 ) and there was a positively correlation between planktonic bacterial counts and depositing bacterial counts ( r =0.612,P ＜ 0.05 ).Each level of bacterial average counts of six percussive samplers measured was significantly different (F =8.35,P ＜ 0.01 ),with fifth grade most and fourth grade following.Conclusions Air quality of ICU is not good especially when making ward round; Less than 5 μm particles dominant; the counts of planktonic bacteria and depositing bacteria is increasing when dust particles counts increase,and the air quality of single rooms and double rooms is better than that of the hall.

Objective To observe the association between job stress (effort-reward imbalance model) and blood lipids among university staff in Yunnan province. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1244 university staff in Yunnan province. The job stress was measured by the validated Chinese self-reported Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERI). Blood lipids were measured in all participated staff members. Results After adjustment for relevant confounding factors, it was found that the risk of increased serum triglyceride was 3.5 folds higher in male staffs with high extrinsic effort compared those with low extrinsic effort (OR = 3.45, 95% CI: 1.32-9.04) while the risk of increased serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol was 2.9 folds higher in male staffs with high overcommitment compared those with low overcommitment (OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.03-7.96). The risk of elevated serum triglyceride increased in proportion to increasing job stress: 3.5 folds increase in male staffs with moderate job stress (OR = 3.43,95% CI: 1.24-9.53) and 4 folds increase in male staffs with high job stress (OR = 4.16, 95% CI: 1.42-12.17) compared those with low job stress. However, there was no significant association between job stress and lipid profile in female staffs. Conclusion Our results show that job stress (effort-reward imbalance) is positively associated with abnormal blood lipids in male university staffs.

AIM: To analyze curative effect of four regulating-intestines prescriptions (Wumei Wan, Baitouweng Tang, Shenling Baizhu San and Tongxie Yao-fang) on the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) through summing up the previous animal experimental results.METHODS: We collected the conclusions in the papers related to four regulating-intestines prescriptions for the treatment of UC which were published recently, made comparisons from the aspectsof symptoms, physical sign, pathological change, cytokine and its protein expression, blood adhesion molecule, cell apoptosis and controlling gene and analyzed the pathogenesis of UC and action mechanism of four regulating-intestines prescriptions. Four regulating-intestines prescriptions included Wumei Wan,Baitouweng Tang, Shenling Baizhu San and Tongxie Yaofang. Wumei Wan is from Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, which consists of dark plum, asarum herb, dried ginger, Chinese goldthread, Chinese angelica root, aconite root, pricklyash peel, cassia twig,ginseng (sun-dried ginseng) and bark of cork tree and has marked effect in treating colic caused by ascariasis and persistent dysentery. Baitouweng Tang, from Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Diseases, consists of medicinal herbs such as pulsatilla root, Chinese goldthread, bark of cork tree and ash bark, which has functions of clearing away the heat-evil, expelling superficial evils and relieving dysentery. In addition, it has marked effect in treating heat-type dysentery. Shenling Baizhu San, from Prescriptions of Peaceful benevolent Dispensary, consists of medicinal herbs such as pulp of lotus seed, coix seed, amomum fruit, balloon flower root, white hyacinth bean, poria, ginseng (sun-dried ginseng), glycyrrhiza, bighead atractylodes and rhizoma dioscoreae, which has the nature of replenishing qi to invigorate the spleen and eliminate wetness to arrest diarrhea and has marked effect on treating diarrhea due to the hypofunction of spleen. Tongxie Yao-fang which is from The Complete Works of Zhang Jingyue consists of four herbals of agehead atractylodes, root of herbaceous peony, dried tangerine peel and ledebouriella root and has the functions of soothing liver and invigorating spleen and stopping diarrhea, and has marked effect on treating liver sthenia and deficient spleen, borborygmus and abdominal pain and diarrhea.RFSULTS: ① Because UC is a chronic protracted dysentery with deficiency of vital energy and existing of evil energy, the vital energy will be harmed if its treatment is specialized in removing and dissolving the stagnation, evil energy will continue to exist and stagnation will continue to accumulate if its treatment is specialized in strengthening vital energy and inducing astringency. Only supporting healthy energy and expelling evil energy is the correct therapy method. This is in accordance with the main treatment of Wumei Wan ②Eliminating dampness and pathogenic heat from the blood to treat diarrhea is the main treatment method of Baitouweng Tang, and this is incompletely suitable for the treatment of UC.③Shenling Baizhu San had the effect on soothing liver and invigorating spleen and stopping diarrhea, and this is also incompletely suitable for the treatment of UC. ④ The prescription of Tongxie Yaofang is used for treating diarrhea caused by deficient spleen and liver sthenia, and spleen controlled by liver, and abnormal ascent and descent. It accords with main pathogenesis of UC, deficient spleen, excessive dampness of deficient spleen and it is weaker in invigorating the spleen in catabasis of UC than Shenling Baizhu San. Therefore, Wumei Wan has the best curative effect,Baitouweng Tang the second, Shengling Baizhu San the third and Tongxie Yaofang a little poor.CONCLUSION: UC belongs to recurrent dysentery, and its pathogenesis is in accordance with the main treatment of Wumei Wan, but not the other three prescriptions, so Wumei Wan is the most efficient prescription in treating ulcerative colitis. Diagnosis and treatment based on an overall analysis of signs and symptoms of TCM is the premise of obtaining the best curative effect. Modeling of animal tests must be consistent with the type of syndrome of the traditional Chinese medicine. Ating ulcerative colitis (UC) from aspects such as symptom, physical sign, pathological changes, adherence factor, cytokine and its protein expression, apoptosis and its controlling gene by means of modeling, which proves their functions and effects are different and their curative effect are also different due to their different ingredient though they all have the functions of treating. Results of this test show Wumei Wan has the best curative effect, Baitouweng Tang the second, Shenling Baizhu San the third and Tongxie Yaofang a little poor[1-11] Mechanism of four regulating-intestines prescription in the treatment of ulcerative colitis is discussed from the viewpoints of traditional Chinese medicine as follows.