Cardio-oncology is a critical field due to the escalating significance of cardiovascular toxicity as a side effect of anti‑ cancer treatments. Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) is a prevalent condition associated with car‑ diovascular toxicity, necessitating effective strategies for prediction, monitoring, management, and tracking. This comprehensive review examines the definition and risk stratification of CTRCD, explores monitoring approaches during anticancer therapy, and highlights specific cardiovascular toxicities linked to various cancer treatments. These include anthracyclines, HER2-targeted agents, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes therapies. Incorporating the Korean data, this review offers insights into the regional nuances in managing CTRCD. Using systematic follow-up incorporating cardiovascular imaging and biomarkers, a better understanding and management of CTRCD can be achieved, optimizing the cardiovascular health of both cancer patients and survivors.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of demineralized and particulate autogenous tooth, and interleukin-6 in bone regeneration. A demineralized and particulate autogenous tooth was prepared and human osteoblast-like cells (MG63) and human osteosarcoma cells were inoculated into the culture. The rate of cell adhesion, proliferation and mineralization were examined, and the appearance of cellular attachment was observed. An 8 mm critical size defect was created in the cranium of rabbits. Nine rabbits were divided into three groups including: An experimental group A (3 rabbits), in which a demineralised and particulate autogenous tooth was grafted; an experimental group B (3 rabbits), in which a demineralized, particulate autogenous tooth was grafted in addition to interleukin-6 (20 ng/mL); and a control group. The rabbits were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks for histopathological examination with H-E and Masson's Trichrome, and immunohistochemistry with osteocalcin. The cell-based assay showed a higher rate of cell adhesion, mineralization and cellular attachment in the experimental group A compared with the control group. The animal study revealed an increased number of osteoclasts, newly formed and mature bones in the experimental group A compared with the control group. Eventually, a higher number of osteoclasts were observed in the experimental group B. However, the emergence of newly formed and mature bone was lower than in the experimental group A. The current results suggest that treatment with demineralized and particulate autogenous tooth and interleukin-6 is not effective in stimulating bone regeneration during the bone grafting procedure.
Animals ; Bone Regeneration* ; Bone Transplantation ; Cell Adhesion ; Dentin* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interleukin-6* ; Miners ; Osteocalcin ; Osteoclasts ; Osteosarcoma ; Rabbits ; Skull ; Tooth ; Transplants

A 24-year-old male visited our hospital because of pain in both flanks. His biochemistry profile showed an elevated serum creatinine level and low serum uric acid level. History taking revealed that he had undertaken exercise prior to the acute kidney injury (AKI) event, and he stated that family members had a history of urolithiasis. His renal profile improved after hydration and supportive care during hospitalization. Although the patient was subsequently admitted again due to AKI, his status recovered with similar treatment. Since the diagnosis of the patient was familial renal hypouricemia with exercise-induced AKI, we performed genotyping of SLC22A12, which encodes human urate transporter 1. The diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of a homozygous mutation of W258X. We herein, report a case of familial renal hypouricemia confirmed by genotyping of SLC22A12, and review the relevant literature.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Biochemistry ; Creatinine ; Diagnosis ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Uric Acid ; Urolithiasis ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Lumbar epidural block is a common regional anesthetic/analgesic technique. The depth of the epidural space beneath the skin surface varies from patient to patient at the same vertebral level. It also varies at different levels of the spinal column in the same patient. This study was performed to evaluate the correlations between the lumbar epidural depth and physical measurements depending on the puncture site. METHODS: Data was gathered from 1,653 patients who were undergoing elective lumbar epidural blocks for anesthesia during surgical procedures. The age, gender, height and weight were obtained from the medical records. We calculated the physical parameters such as the weight/height ratio, the body mass index (BMI) and Broca's index. Pearson's correlation analysis and regression testing between the lumbar epidural depth and the physical measurements were performed. RESULTS: The epidural depths at the L2-3, L3-4, L4-5 and L5-S1 intervertebral space were 4.4 +/- 0.62, 4.6 +/- 0.69, 4.6 +/- 0.69 and 4.1 +/- 0.52 cm, respectively. A significant correlation was found between the epidural depth and the weight/height ratio and BMI. CONCLUSIONS: The weight/height ratio and BMI showed the highest correlation with the lumbar epidural depth.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Body Mass Index ; Epidural Space ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Punctures ; Skin ; Spine

This study was conducted to confirm the possible use of female Yangwonjam as a host for synnemata production of Isaria tenuipes in eight local areas in Korea. Silkworm pupation rate, infection rate and synnemata characteristics of I. tenuipes were examined. Normal silkworms had a higher pupation rate than silkworms inoculated with I. tenuipes. The pupae survival percentage of normal silkworm in cocoons was 92.5~97.6%, whereas it ranged from 91.1~95.6% in silkworms sprayed with I. tenuipes. Female Yangwonjam showed the highest survival percentage at 97.6% among the silkworm varieties tested. I. tenuipes infection rate of larvae of 5th instar newly-exuviated silkworms was 89.2~90.7% in the spring rearing season and 98.2~99.3% in the autumn rearing season. Synnemata production of I. tenuipes was excellent in female Yangwonjam with an incidence rate of 98.0% followed by male Yangwonjam (94.1%) and Baegokjam (93.3%) in the spring rearing season. Synnemata living weight ranged from 1.44~0.94 g in the spring rearing season. The female Yangwonjam had the heaviest synnemata weight (1.44 g) in the spring rearing season. The synnemata of I. tenuipes produced on pupae were white or milky-white in color, and were similar in shape and color to wild synnemata collected in Korea.
Bombyx ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Larva ; Male ; Pupa ; Seasons

Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A (MEN 2A) is an autosomal dominant disease that consists of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), pheochromocytoma and parathyroid hyperplasia. The activation of germ-line mutations in the RET proto-oncogene are responsible for MEN 2A. We describe here a rare case of MEN 2A in a patient who presented with an acute catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy with cardiogenic shock and acute renal failure. The patient was diagnosed with pheochromocytoma and MTC associated with MEN 2A, which was confirmed by the detection of a RET proto-oncogene mutation at exon 11 on codon 634 (Cys634Arg). During familial screening, the patient's younger sister was found to have a benign thyroid nodule. Re-evaluation of this thyroid nodule revealed MTC with the same gene mutation. We also provide a review of the relevant literature.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Cardiomyopathies ; Codon ; Exons ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Mass Screening ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a ; Pheochromocytoma ; Proto-Oncogenes ; Shock, Cardiogenic ; Siblings ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroid Nodule

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate how airway changes influence facial growth during puberty in Korean children. METHODS: Thirty-six patients aged 9 to 11 (mean age: 10.7 years) were selected. Cephalograms and hand-wrist x-rays were taken at pre-treatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2). The sample was divided into narrow (5.2 - 8.6 mm, AW-Narrow), medium (8.9 - 11.5 mm, AW-Medium), and wide (11.7 - 16.0 mm, AW-Wide) groups according to the airway width at T1. Cephalometric measurements at T1, T2 and growth from T1 to T2 were compared between groups. RESULTS: The degree of increase in airway size in each group was 4.55 mm, 3.84 mm and 1.94 mm in the AW-Narrow, AW-Medium, and AW-Wide groups, respectively. Moreover, the differences were statistically significant. The significant smallest posterior facial height was found in the AW-Narrow group at T1. For the growth values from T1 to T2, the AW-Narrow group showed significantly larger values of PFH/AFH, facial axis, ANS (T1 - T2), and Gn (T1 - T2) than the AW-Medium group. CONCLUSIONS: The compensational changes in the airway width and facial growth were found in the narrow group. Surgical approach of the airway to prevent unfavorable facial growth in these years of age should be carried out, but with careful deliberation because these problems may be improved naturally.
Aged ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Child ; Humans ; Puberty

Anodic spark deposition method(ASD) surface treated titanium implant possesses a considerable osteoconductive potential that promoting a high level of implant osseointegration in normal bone. The purpose of this study was to observe the ASD implant's osseointegration in the osteoporosis-induced animal model. Twenty four rats, 10 weeks of age, were ovarectomized and 5 weeks later divided into two groups : ASD implant group and control implant group. Titanium screw implants (diameter; 2.0 mm, length, 3.5 mm; pitch-height, 0.4 mm) were designed for this study. Experimental implants were ASD treated and no treatment on control implants. ASD implants and control implants were placed in to left tibiae of rats. The rats were sacrificed at different time interval(1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after implantation) for histopathologic observation and immunohisto -chemistrical observation, with collagen type I, fibronectin, integrin alpha2beta1 and integrin alpha5beta1 antibodies. The results obtained from this study were as follow: 1. Histopathologic findings, overall tissue response and the pattern of bone formation in both groups were similar. In ASD group, more newly formed bone was seen at 1 week and 2weeks than control group. 2. The levels of type I collagen and fibronectin expression were the most abundant at 2weeks and decreased gradually in both groups. Fibronectin and type I collagen expression in ASD group were stronger than control group but no significance. 3. The levels of integrin alpha2beta1 and Integrin alpha5beta1 expression were most abundant at 2 weeks and decreased gradually in both groups. No significant difference was observed in both groups. From this results, anodic oxidized titanium implants were more advantages in early stage of bone formation than control group, but have no significance in tissue responses and late bone formations. It could be stated that although anodic oxidized titanium implant possesses considerable osteoconductive potential but in osteoporotic bone condition dental implant procedure should performed after improving or treating the osteoporotic bone condition.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Collagen Type I ; Dental Implants ; Fibronectins ; Implants, Experimental ; Integrin alpha2beta1 ; Integrin alpha5beta1 ; Models, Animal ; Osseointegration ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis ; Rats ; Tibia ; Titanium

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder is uncommon and it has rarely been reported. The presence of increased numbers of eosinophils in the biopsy specimens of the gastrointestinal tract, the infiltration of eosionophils in intestinal crypts and gastric glands, the absence of involvement of other organs and the exclusion of other causes of eosinophilia support the diagnosis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis. This is characterized by infiltration of eosinophils in the gastrointestinal wall, and it's associated with protein-losing enteropathy, hypoalbuminemia, motility abnormalities and ascites. Although it is an idiopathic disorder, allergic and immunologic etiologies have been suggested. Steroid is the treatment of choice, but an operation is necessary in case of a surgical abdomen or if the patient is refractory to steroid therapy. Recently, authors experience 2 cases of eosinophilic gastroenteritis causing gastro-intestinal obstruction, and report here with clinical evaluation and literature review.
Abdomen ; Ascites ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils* ; Gastric Mucosa ; Gastroenteritis* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Hypoalbuminemia ; Intestinal Obstruction* ; Protein-Losing Enteropathies

PURPOSE: The prognosis for patients with liver metastases (LM) from colorectal cancer is significantly influenced by the clinician's decision. Recently, there have been remarkable advances in treatment of LM, so there can be some changes in therapeutic modalities. We performed a comparative study between operated and non-operated groups of patients with LM to analyze the clinical outcome. METHODS: From Feb. 2001 to Feb. 2006, 27 patients with LM underwent a hepatectomy, and 113 patients received non-surgical therapy. thirteen hepatectomized cases among the 27 patients had multiple LM. The outcomes of those 13 patients (Group A) were retrospectively compared to those of the non-operated group (Group B, n=21), which had had potentially resectable LM at the initial diagnosis or after chemotherapy, but didn't undergo hepatic resection. RESULTS: After a median follow-up duration of 31.3 months, the estimated 3-years overall survival (OS) rates were 76.9% and 14.3% in group A and B, respectively (P=0.0001). In the stepwise Cox multivariate regression analysis, factors such as the absence of hepatic resection and a greater diameter of the liver mass independently influenced the poor survival (P=0.005 and P=0.012 respectively). Additionally, two radiologists evaluated the intraoperative ultrasonographic (IOUS) results. IOUS detected new metastatic lesions in 4/13 (30%) patients. There were sub-centimeter metastatic lesions (5~7 mm) and had not been detected in SPIO-enhanced MRI. CONCLUSIONS: Our results compared to palliative chemotherapy suggest that aggressive surgical resection should be performed to increase the survival rate in patients with LM. Additionally, the treatment plan for LM patients should be discussed with the gastroenterololgist, the radiologist, the oncologist, and the surgeon.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Liver ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate