Background: The lack of data on the solubility of certain crystals has resulted in conflicting findings. Therefore, establishing a standardized solubility test for use in clinical laboratories is essential. Methods: Calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium phosphate dibasic, calcium sulfate, cystine, hippuric acid, leucine, magnesium ammonium phosphate, meglumine diatrizoate, tyrosine, uric acid, uric acid sodium salt, and xanthine were procured from SigmaAldrich Co., USA. These crystals were suspended in 30% acetic acid, 30% hydrochloric acid, 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH), distilled water, ethanol, chloroform, and ether. Their morphology and dissolution characteristics were examined under an inverted microscope. Results: The morphology and solubility of all 13 crystals were examined.Calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, cystine, triple phosphate, tyrosine, and uric acid demonstrated solubility patterns consistent with those reported in existing literature. Meanwhile, the solubility of five crystals that lacked data was newly established. Calcium sulfate exhibited partial dissolution in 10% KOH and in distilled water at 60°C. Hippuric acid, uric acid sodium salt, and xanthine dissolved in 10% KOH, while meglumine diatrizoate dissolved in distilled water and 10% KOH.Notably, the solubility patterns of calcium sulfate, hippuric acid, and leucine differed from those documented in the literature. Conclusions This study confirmed the solubility of five crystals. Notably, the solubility of three crystals differed from that documented in existing literature. Microscopic examination, augmented by polarization, proved invaluable for distinguishing urinary crystals during the solubility test. The study findings are expected to improve the discrimination of crystals in future analyses.

Background: The lack of data on the solubility of certain crystals has resulted in conflicting findings. Therefore, establishing a standardized solubility test for use in clinical laboratories is essential. Methods: Calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium phosphate dibasic, calcium sulfate, cystine, hippuric acid, leucine, magnesium ammonium phosphate, meglumine diatrizoate, tyrosine, uric acid, uric acid sodium salt, and xanthine were procured from SigmaAldrich Co., USA. These crystals were suspended in 30% acetic acid, 30% hydrochloric acid, 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH), distilled water, ethanol, chloroform, and ether. Their morphology and dissolution characteristics were examined under an inverted microscope. Results: The morphology and solubility of all 13 crystals were examined.Calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, cystine, triple phosphate, tyrosine, and uric acid demonstrated solubility patterns consistent with those reported in existing literature. Meanwhile, the solubility of five crystals that lacked data was newly established. Calcium sulfate exhibited partial dissolution in 10% KOH and in distilled water at 60°C. Hippuric acid, uric acid sodium salt, and xanthine dissolved in 10% KOH, while meglumine diatrizoate dissolved in distilled water and 10% KOH.Notably, the solubility patterns of calcium sulfate, hippuric acid, and leucine differed from those documented in the literature. Conclusions This study confirmed the solubility of five crystals. Notably, the solubility of three crystals differed from that documented in existing literature. Microscopic examination, augmented by polarization, proved invaluable for distinguishing urinary crystals during the solubility test. The study findings are expected to improve the discrimination of crystals in future analyses.

Background: The lack of data on the solubility of certain crystals has resulted in conflicting findings. Therefore, establishing a standardized solubility test for use in clinical laboratories is essential. Methods: Calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium phosphate dibasic, calcium sulfate, cystine, hippuric acid, leucine, magnesium ammonium phosphate, meglumine diatrizoate, tyrosine, uric acid, uric acid sodium salt, and xanthine were procured from SigmaAldrich Co., USA. These crystals were suspended in 30% acetic acid, 30% hydrochloric acid, 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH), distilled water, ethanol, chloroform, and ether. Their morphology and dissolution characteristics were examined under an inverted microscope. Results: The morphology and solubility of all 13 crystals were examined.Calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, cystine, triple phosphate, tyrosine, and uric acid demonstrated solubility patterns consistent with those reported in existing literature. Meanwhile, the solubility of five crystals that lacked data was newly established. Calcium sulfate exhibited partial dissolution in 10% KOH and in distilled water at 60°C. Hippuric acid, uric acid sodium salt, and xanthine dissolved in 10% KOH, while meglumine diatrizoate dissolved in distilled water and 10% KOH.Notably, the solubility patterns of calcium sulfate, hippuric acid, and leucine differed from those documented in the literature. Conclusions This study confirmed the solubility of five crystals. Notably, the solubility of three crystals differed from that documented in existing literature. Microscopic examination, augmented by polarization, proved invaluable for distinguishing urinary crystals during the solubility test. The study findings are expected to improve the discrimination of crystals in future analyses.

Background: The lack of data on the solubility of certain crystals has resulted in conflicting findings. Therefore, establishing a standardized solubility test for use in clinical laboratories is essential. Methods: Calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium phosphate dibasic, calcium sulfate, cystine, hippuric acid, leucine, magnesium ammonium phosphate, meglumine diatrizoate, tyrosine, uric acid, uric acid sodium salt, and xanthine were procured from SigmaAldrich Co., USA. These crystals were suspended in 30% acetic acid, 30% hydrochloric acid, 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH), distilled water, ethanol, chloroform, and ether. Their morphology and dissolution characteristics were examined under an inverted microscope. Results: The morphology and solubility of all 13 crystals were examined.Calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, cystine, triple phosphate, tyrosine, and uric acid demonstrated solubility patterns consistent with those reported in existing literature. Meanwhile, the solubility of five crystals that lacked data was newly established. Calcium sulfate exhibited partial dissolution in 10% KOH and in distilled water at 60°C. Hippuric acid, uric acid sodium salt, and xanthine dissolved in 10% KOH, while meglumine diatrizoate dissolved in distilled water and 10% KOH.Notably, the solubility patterns of calcium sulfate, hippuric acid, and leucine differed from those documented in the literature. Conclusions This study confirmed the solubility of five crystals. Notably, the solubility of three crystals differed from that documented in existing literature. Microscopic examination, augmented by polarization, proved invaluable for distinguishing urinary crystals during the solubility test. The study findings are expected to improve the discrimination of crystals in future analyses.

Background: The lack of data on the solubility of certain crystals has resulted in conflicting findings. Therefore, establishing a standardized solubility test for use in clinical laboratories is essential. Methods: Calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium phosphate dibasic, calcium sulfate, cystine, hippuric acid, leucine, magnesium ammonium phosphate, meglumine diatrizoate, tyrosine, uric acid, uric acid sodium salt, and xanthine were procured from SigmaAldrich Co., USA. These crystals were suspended in 30% acetic acid, 30% hydrochloric acid, 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH), distilled water, ethanol, chloroform, and ether. Their morphology and dissolution characteristics were examined under an inverted microscope. Results: The morphology and solubility of all 13 crystals were examined.Calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, cystine, triple phosphate, tyrosine, and uric acid demonstrated solubility patterns consistent with those reported in existing literature. Meanwhile, the solubility of five crystals that lacked data was newly established. Calcium sulfate exhibited partial dissolution in 10% KOH and in distilled water at 60°C. Hippuric acid, uric acid sodium salt, and xanthine dissolved in 10% KOH, while meglumine diatrizoate dissolved in distilled water and 10% KOH.Notably, the solubility patterns of calcium sulfate, hippuric acid, and leucine differed from those documented in the literature. Conclusions This study confirmed the solubility of five crystals. Notably, the solubility of three crystals differed from that documented in existing literature. Microscopic examination, augmented by polarization, proved invaluable for distinguishing urinary crystals during the solubility test. The study findings are expected to improve the discrimination of crystals in future analyses.

Purpose: The effects of a prevention program applied on psychodrama for female high school students were examined. Methods: Thirty-seven students at a female high school in D and G city participated. The study was conducted from September 8 to November 21, 2014. To test the effects of the program, participants were divided into two groups of 17 students experimental group and 20 students control group. A nonequivalent control group, non- synchronized pre-posttest quasi-experimental research design was used. The tools included a self-efficacy scale, an anger scale, and a suicide ideation scale. x 2 test, t-test, and ANCOVA were used to analyze the data with the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: Significant differences between the two groups were found in the anger scale (F=12.43, p=001), self-efficacy (F=4.23, p=.048), and a suicide ideation (F=29.98, p<.001). Conclusion Results suggest that the suicide prevention program applied on psychodrama is an effective nursing intervention, for improving self-efficacy as well as decreasing anger and suicide ideation among female high school students.

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate effects of a stim-up matt walking exercise program on balance and gait of the frail elderly. METHODS: A total of 37 elderly people recruited from S city were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=22) and control group (n=15). The stim-up matt walking exercise program was offered twice a week for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0. RESULTS: The dynamic balance ability Timed Up and Go test of the experimental group was significantly faster than that of the control group (t=21.72, p<.001). The static balance ability open-eye standing test (t=44.15, p<.001) and close-eye standing test (t=9.01, p=.005) also showed increase in effects of the experimental group. In the walking ability, gait cycle (t=2.48, p=.018), cadence (t=−2.21, p=.034) and gait speed (t=−2.78, p=.009), positive effects were on. However, no statistically significant differences were found in stride length and double support. At the ankle joint range left ankle plantar flexion (t=3.92, p<.001) and left ankle dorsal flexion (t=4.51, p<.001) were higher in the experimental group than in the control group, and also right ankle plantar flexion (t=2.79, p=.008) and right ankle dorsal flexion (t=2.92, p=.006) increased in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: The significance of this study is that the stim-up matt walking exercise program for the frail elderly proves to be useful for improving balance and walking.
Aged ; Ankle ; Ankle Joint ; Frail Elderly ; Gait ; Humans ; Joints ; Walking

BACKGROUND: Youth suicide is increasingly being recognized as a major social problem in South Korea. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of parental support on the relationship between life stress and suicidal ideation among middle-school students. METHODS: This study analyzed data from a cross-sectional study on mental health conducted by the South Korea National Youth Policy Institute between May and July of 2013. Questionnaire responses from 3,007 middle-school students regarding stress factors, thoughts of suicide during the past year, and parental support were analyzed in terms of 3 subscale elements: emotional, academic, and financial support. RESULTS: Among the participants, 234 male students (7.8%) and 476 female students (15.8%) reported experiencing suicidal ideation in the past year. Life stress significantly influenced suicidal ideation (P<0.001), and parental support and all of the subscale elements had a significant influence on decreasing suicidal ideation. As shown in model 1, life stress increased suicidal ideation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.318; P<0.001), and, in model 2, the effect of life stress on suicidal ideation decreased with parental support (aOR, 1.238; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Parental support was independently related to a decrease in suicidal ideation, and life stress was independently related to an increase in suicidal ideation. Parental support buffered the relationship between life stress and suicidal ideation.
Adolescent ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Financial Support ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Mental Health ; Negotiating* ; Odds Ratio ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parents* ; Social Problems ; Stress, Psychological* ; Suicidal Ideation* ; Suicide

BACKGROUND: Adolescent smoking is positively related to weight control attempts, especially by unhealthy methods. The co-occurrence of smoking and unhealthy weight control behaviors may cause serious health problems in adolescents. This study examined the relationship of smoking with unhealthy weight control behaviors among Korean adolescents. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 31,090 students of grades 7 to 12, who had tried to reduce or maintain their weight during the 30 days prior to The Tenth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, 2014. Data on height, weight, weight control methods, smoking, alcohol intake, living with one's family, and perceived economic status were obtained through self-report questionnaires. ‘Unhealthy weight control behaviors’ were subcategorized into ‘extreme weight control behaviors’ and ‘less extreme weight control behaviors.’ RESULTS: The smoking rates were 13.3%±0.4% in boys and 3.8%±0.2% in girls. Current smokers were more likely to engage in extreme weight control behaviors (odds ratio [OR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 2.00 in boys, and OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.59 to 2.65 in girls) and less extreme weight control behaviors (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.40 in boys, and OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.76 in girls) compared to non-smokers among both boys and girls. CONCLUSION: Current smoking is independently related to a high likelihood of engaging in unhealthy weight control behaviors among Korean adolescents. This relationship is stronger for girls than for boys. Extreme weight control behaviors have a stronger relationship with current smoking than less extreme weight control behaviors.
Adolescent* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Korea* ; Problem Behavior ; Risk-Taking* ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Weight Loss

BACKGROUND: Influenza causes morbidity and mortality, resulting in the medical and socioeconomic costs. We aimed to analyse whether socioeconomic and medical factors may affect influenza vaccination status divided into 2 groups; one aged 19 to 64 years old and the other aged 65 or over who are eligible for free vaccination. METHODS: The study included 1,412 individuals aged 19 and over who responded to influenza vaccination survey, based on 2013 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Related factors were categorized into socioeconomic factors and medical factors. Univariate analyses were conducted to examine the correlations between vaccination rate and each variables. Multivariate analysis was obtained after adjusting variables which were statistcally significant. RESULTS: Influenza vaccination rate was significantly different in the population aged 19 to 64 (24.9%) and the population aged 65 or over (80.5%). In the former population, high vaccination rate was associated with healthcare usage (odds ratio [OR]=1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.03-1.83), underlying chronic diseases (OR=2.21, 95% CI=1.43-3.40), and public assistance recipient households (OR=2.21, 95% CI=1.03-4.78), while low vaccination rate was correlated with no use of medical check up (OR=0.70, 95% CI=0.52-0.94) and heavy alcoholics (OR=0.41, 95% CI=0.24-0.70). In the latter population aged 65 or over, high vaccination rate was associated with healthcare usage (OR=1.82, 95% CI=1.28-2.59), and underlying malignancies (OR=4.79, 95% CI=1.07-21.54), whereas low vaccination rate was associated with public assistance recipient households (OR=0.33, 95% CI=0.14-0.76), and no use of medical check up (OR=0.37, 95% CI=0.19-0.73). CONCLUSIONS: In the population below 65 years old, vaccination rate would be expected to rise by the recommendation of medical care providers and expanding the coverage of free vaccination. In elderly, individualized care for those who have less access to medical care and high susceptibility is highly recommended.
Adult* ; Aged ; Alcoholics ; Chronic Disease ; Delivery of Health Care ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human* ; Mortality ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nutrition Surveys ; Public Assistance ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Vaccination*