Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the types of pain changes that affect older Koreans, as well as their effects on depressive symptom. Methods: We analyzed the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging data collected from 2010 to 2018. A data of total of 1,359 participants, aged 65 or older were used to estimate the change in pain. A latent growth model and growth mixture modeling were performed to estimate the overall change in pain and to categorize the types of pain changes. Results: The pain changes of older adults were classified into two categories: low-stable and high increasing. The depressive symptom showed a stronger relationship among the high-increasing type of pain than the low-stable type. The high-increasing type had a higher percentage of females, lower income, relatively low educational attainment, and a higher percentage of rural residents than the low-stable type. Conclusion The significance of this study is that it reiterated the importance of early pain diagnosis and intervention by identifying the types of pain changes in older adults and analyzing their effects on depressive symptoms. Therefore, it is especially important to pay attention to interventions that are designed to help vulnerable groups with a high risk of pain obtain effective pain management.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the types of pain changes that affect older Koreans, as well as their effects on depressive symptom. Methods: We analyzed the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging data collected from 2010 to 2018. A data of total of 1,359 participants, aged 65 or older were used to estimate the change in pain. A latent growth model and growth mixture modeling were performed to estimate the overall change in pain and to categorize the types of pain changes. Results: The pain changes of older adults were classified into two categories: low-stable and high increasing. The depressive symptom showed a stronger relationship among the high-increasing type of pain than the low-stable type. The high-increasing type had a higher percentage of females, lower income, relatively low educational attainment, and a higher percentage of rural residents than the low-stable type. Conclusion The significance of this study is that it reiterated the importance of early pain diagnosis and intervention by identifying the types of pain changes in older adults and analyzing their effects on depressive symptoms. Therefore, it is especially important to pay attention to interventions that are designed to help vulnerable groups with a high risk of pain obtain effective pain management.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the types of pain changes that affect older Koreans, as well as their effects on depressive symptom. Methods: We analyzed the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging data collected from 2010 to 2018. A data of total of 1,359 participants, aged 65 or older were used to estimate the change in pain. A latent growth model and growth mixture modeling were performed to estimate the overall change in pain and to categorize the types of pain changes. Results: The pain changes of older adults were classified into two categories: low-stable and high increasing. The depressive symptom showed a stronger relationship among the high-increasing type of pain than the low-stable type. The high-increasing type had a higher percentage of females, lower income, relatively low educational attainment, and a higher percentage of rural residents than the low-stable type. Conclusion The significance of this study is that it reiterated the importance of early pain diagnosis and intervention by identifying the types of pain changes in older adults and analyzing their effects on depressive symptoms. Therefore, it is especially important to pay attention to interventions that are designed to help vulnerable groups with a high risk of pain obtain effective pain management.

Purpose: This study explored the experiences of nursing students in Korea regarding virtual reality (VR)-based anatomy education. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with 103 first-year nursing students who had participated in immersive VR-based anatomy education. Nursing students wore head mounted displays and controllers, and performed VR-based practice for 10 minutes per student. The submitted materials were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method developed by Elo and Kyngäs. Results: The collected materials were classified into three themes, six categories, and 14 subcategories. Three themes are emerged: (1) amazing experiential learning about the human body, (2) challenges in VR-based anatomy education, and (3) expandability of VR-based anatomy education. These results showed that nursing students who participated in VR-based anatomy education experienced “amazing” experiential learning about the human body in this new approach, with the vividness and knowledge consolidation of VR. However, nursing students experienced challenges in VR-based anatomy education related to the unfamiliarity and limitations of VR. Furthermore, they experienced the expandability of VR-based anatomy education by strengthening learning motivation and new approach to nursing education. Conclusion This study will help in planning VR-based education in human anatomy by exploring the experiences of nursing students. It is suggested that VR-based education in human anatomy be expanded and implemented as part of regular anatomy practice within the curriculum rather than a one-time educational intervention.

Purpose: This study explored the experiences of nursing students in Korea regarding virtual reality (VR)-based anatomy education. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with 103 first-year nursing students who had participated in immersive VR-based anatomy education. Nursing students wore head mounted displays and controllers, and performed VR-based practice for 10 minutes per student. The submitted materials were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method developed by Elo and Kyngäs. Results: The collected materials were classified into three themes, six categories, and 14 subcategories. Three themes are emerged: (1) amazing experiential learning about the human body, (2) challenges in VR-based anatomy education, and (3) expandability of VR-based anatomy education. These results showed that nursing students who participated in VR-based anatomy education experienced “amazing” experiential learning about the human body in this new approach, with the vividness and knowledge consolidation of VR. However, nursing students experienced challenges in VR-based anatomy education related to the unfamiliarity and limitations of VR. Furthermore, they experienced the expandability of VR-based anatomy education by strengthening learning motivation and new approach to nursing education. Conclusion This study will help in planning VR-based education in human anatomy by exploring the experiences of nursing students. It is suggested that VR-based education in human anatomy be expanded and implemented as part of regular anatomy practice within the curriculum rather than a one-time educational intervention.

Purpose: This study explored the experiences of nursing students in Korea regarding virtual reality (VR)-based anatomy education. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with 103 first-year nursing students who had participated in immersive VR-based anatomy education. Nursing students wore head mounted displays and controllers, and performed VR-based practice for 10 minutes per student. The submitted materials were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method developed by Elo and Kyngäs. Results: The collected materials were classified into three themes, six categories, and 14 subcategories. Three themes are emerged: (1) amazing experiential learning about the human body, (2) challenges in VR-based anatomy education, and (3) expandability of VR-based anatomy education. These results showed that nursing students who participated in VR-based anatomy education experienced “amazing” experiential learning about the human body in this new approach, with the vividness and knowledge consolidation of VR. However, nursing students experienced challenges in VR-based anatomy education related to the unfamiliarity and limitations of VR. Furthermore, they experienced the expandability of VR-based anatomy education by strengthening learning motivation and new approach to nursing education. Conclusion This study will help in planning VR-based education in human anatomy by exploring the experiences of nursing students. It is suggested that VR-based education in human anatomy be expanded and implemented as part of regular anatomy practice within the curriculum rather than a one-time educational intervention.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the types of pain changes that affect older Koreans, as well as their effects on depressive symptom. Methods: We analyzed the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging data collected from 2010 to 2018. A data of total of 1,359 participants, aged 65 or older were used to estimate the change in pain. A latent growth model and growth mixture modeling were performed to estimate the overall change in pain and to categorize the types of pain changes. Results: The pain changes of older adults were classified into two categories: low-stable and high increasing. The depressive symptom showed a stronger relationship among the high-increasing type of pain than the low-stable type. The high-increasing type had a higher percentage of females, lower income, relatively low educational attainment, and a higher percentage of rural residents than the low-stable type. Conclusion The significance of this study is that it reiterated the importance of early pain diagnosis and intervention by identifying the types of pain changes in older adults and analyzing their effects on depressive symptoms. Therefore, it is especially important to pay attention to interventions that are designed to help vulnerable groups with a high risk of pain obtain effective pain management.

Purpose: This study explored the experiences of nursing students in Korea regarding virtual reality (VR)-based anatomy education. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with 103 first-year nursing students who had participated in immersive VR-based anatomy education. Nursing students wore head mounted displays and controllers, and performed VR-based practice for 10 minutes per student. The submitted materials were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method developed by Elo and Kyngäs. Results: The collected materials were classified into three themes, six categories, and 14 subcategories. Three themes are emerged: (1) amazing experiential learning about the human body, (2) challenges in VR-based anatomy education, and (3) expandability of VR-based anatomy education. These results showed that nursing students who participated in VR-based anatomy education experienced “amazing” experiential learning about the human body in this new approach, with the vividness and knowledge consolidation of VR. However, nursing students experienced challenges in VR-based anatomy education related to the unfamiliarity and limitations of VR. Furthermore, they experienced the expandability of VR-based anatomy education by strengthening learning motivation and new approach to nursing education. Conclusion This study will help in planning VR-based education in human anatomy by exploring the experiences of nursing students. It is suggested that VR-based education in human anatomy be expanded and implemented as part of regular anatomy practice within the curriculum rather than a one-time educational intervention.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the types of pain changes that affect older Koreans, as well as their effects on depressive symptom. Methods: We analyzed the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging data collected from 2010 to 2018. A data of total of 1,359 participants, aged 65 or older were used to estimate the change in pain. A latent growth model and growth mixture modeling were performed to estimate the overall change in pain and to categorize the types of pain changes. Results: The pain changes of older adults were classified into two categories: low-stable and high increasing. The depressive symptom showed a stronger relationship among the high-increasing type of pain than the low-stable type. The high-increasing type had a higher percentage of females, lower income, relatively low educational attainment, and a higher percentage of rural residents than the low-stable type. Conclusion The significance of this study is that it reiterated the importance of early pain diagnosis and intervention by identifying the types of pain changes in older adults and analyzing their effects on depressive symptoms. Therefore, it is especially important to pay attention to interventions that are designed to help vulnerable groups with a high risk of pain obtain effective pain management.

Purpose: This subgroup analysis of the Korean subset of patients in the phase 3 LASER301 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of lazertinib versus gefitinib as first-line therapy for epidermal growth factor receptor mutated (EGFRm) non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: Patients with locally advanced or metastatic EGFRm NSCLC were randomized 1:1 to lazertinib (240 mg/day) or gefitinib (250 mg/day). The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS). Results: In total, 172 Korean patients were enrolled (lazertinib, n=87; gefitinib, n=85). Baseline characteristics were balanced between the treatment groups. One-third of patients had brain metastases (BM) at baseline. Median PFS was 20.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.7 to 26.1) for lazertinib and 9.6 months (95% CI, 8.2 to 12.3) for gefitinib (hazard ratio [HR], 0.41; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.60). This was supported by PFS analysis based on blinded independent central review. Significant PFS benefit with lazertinib was consistently observed across predefined subgroups, including patients with BM (HR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.53) and those with L858R mutations (HR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.63). Lazertinib safety data were consistent with its previously reported safety profile. Common adverse events (AEs) in both groups included rash, pruritus, and diarrhoea. Numerically fewer severe AEs and severe treatment–related AEs occurred with lazertinib than gefitinib. Conclusion Consistent with results for the overall LASER301 population, this analysis showed significant PFS benefit with lazertinib versus gefitinib with comparable safety in Korean patients with untreated EGFRm NSCLC, supporting lazertinib as a new potential treatment option for this patient population.