Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of clinical nurses' nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction and organizational commitment on quality of nursing service. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design. Data were collected from 209 general nurses working in a tertiary hospitals in D city using self-report questionnaires from November 28 to December 14, 2022. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction, organizational commitment, and quality of nursing services. The regression analysis showed nursing character (β=.75, p<.001), organizational communication satisfaction (β=.12, p=.034) significantly influenced quality of nursing service, and explained 64.0% of the quality of nursing service. Conclusion The findings indicate that the quality of nursing service can be improved by raising nursing character and organizational communication satisfaction. Therefore, to improve the quality of nursing services, repeated and continuous implementation of training programs, including education to enhance nursing character, is necessary. Additionally, it is essential to develop and apply a programs to strengthen organizational communication satisfaction.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of clinical nurses' nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction and organizational commitment on quality of nursing service. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design. Data were collected from 209 general nurses working in a tertiary hospitals in D city using self-report questionnaires from November 28 to December 14, 2022. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction, organizational commitment, and quality of nursing services. The regression analysis showed nursing character (β=.75, p<.001), organizational communication satisfaction (β=.12, p=.034) significantly influenced quality of nursing service, and explained 64.0% of the quality of nursing service. Conclusion The findings indicate that the quality of nursing service can be improved by raising nursing character and organizational communication satisfaction. Therefore, to improve the quality of nursing services, repeated and continuous implementation of training programs, including education to enhance nursing character, is necessary. Additionally, it is essential to develop and apply a programs to strengthen organizational communication satisfaction.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of clinical nurses' nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction and organizational commitment on quality of nursing service. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design. Data were collected from 209 general nurses working in a tertiary hospitals in D city using self-report questionnaires from November 28 to December 14, 2022. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction, organizational commitment, and quality of nursing services. The regression analysis showed nursing character (β=.75, p<.001), organizational communication satisfaction (β=.12, p=.034) significantly influenced quality of nursing service, and explained 64.0% of the quality of nursing service. Conclusion The findings indicate that the quality of nursing service can be improved by raising nursing character and organizational communication satisfaction. Therefore, to improve the quality of nursing services, repeated and continuous implementation of training programs, including education to enhance nursing character, is necessary. Additionally, it is essential to develop and apply a programs to strengthen organizational communication satisfaction.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of clinical nurses' nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction and organizational commitment on quality of nursing service. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design. Data were collected from 209 general nurses working in a tertiary hospitals in D city using self-report questionnaires from November 28 to December 14, 2022. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between nursing character, organizational communication satisfaction, organizational commitment, and quality of nursing services. The regression analysis showed nursing character (β=.75, p<.001), organizational communication satisfaction (β=.12, p=.034) significantly influenced quality of nursing service, and explained 64.0% of the quality of nursing service. Conclusion The findings indicate that the quality of nursing service can be improved by raising nursing character and organizational communication satisfaction. Therefore, to improve the quality of nursing services, repeated and continuous implementation of training programs, including education to enhance nursing character, is necessary. Additionally, it is essential to develop and apply a programs to strengthen organizational communication satisfaction.

Purpose: To determine subjective symptoms and medical history of patients with intermittent exotropia in a large study population. Methods: The Korean Intermittent Exotropia Multicenter Study (KIEMS) is a nationwide, observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study conducted by the Korean Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus including 5,385 patients with intermittent exotropia. Subjective symptoms and medical history of patients with intermittent exotropia were extracted by a comprehensive survey based on a self-administered questionnaire according to the study protocol of the KIEMS. Results: The mean age of symptom onset was 5.5 years. The most common symptom reported in patients with intermittent exotropia was photophobia (52.1%), followed by diplopia at near fixation (7.3%) and distance fixation (6.2%). Preterm birth was found in 8.8%, and 4.1% had perinatal complications. A family history of strabismus was present in 14.9%, and 5.5% of patients had a family member who underwent strabismus surgery. Conclusions The KIEMS is one of the largest clinical studies on intermittent exotropia. Intermittent exotropia frequently caused photophobia and diplopia, and patients with a family history was not uncommon.

Two trials of external quality assessment for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) subcommittee of Korean Association of Quality Assurance for Clinical Laboratory (KAQACL) were performed in 2007. Number of participating laboratories were increased to 109, by 5.63% increase comparing with the previous year. Response rates reached 98.7% for both trials slightly lower than that of the previous year. Two kinds of control materials were requested to be tested in each trial so that each institution could know the possible systematic error. In both trials, 20 test items were responded at least from one laboratory. The average drug item was 6.3 per institution, which was decreased slightly from 6.8 in recent 5 years. The most common test items were valproic acid, digoxin, carbamazepine, theophylline, phenytoin, and phenobarbital which were peformed in more than 55% of the participating laboratories, followed by cyclosporine, vancomycin, lithium, tacrolimus, methotrexate, amikacin, gentamicin, salicylate, tobramycin, acetaminophen, primidone, free phenytoin, and amitryptyline. The inter-laboratory coefficients of variations showed simliar tendency comparing with those of the previous years. We started the proficiency test for drug of abuse from 2007 and got the response from 13 and 17 laboratories in the 1st and 2nd trial, respectively. Average drug items were 3.4 for the 2nd trial. We found the relatively good performances as we got the correct answers from all laboratories except 4 for each one mistake. In conclusion, the TDM external quality assessment of 2007 showed grossly similar pattern comparing with those of previous year and drug of abuse proficiency testing showed a relatively good performance.
Acetaminophen ; Amikacin ; Carbamazepine ; Cyclosporine ; Digoxin ; Drug Monitoring ; Gentamicins ; Korea ; Lithium ; Methotrexate ; Phenobarbital ; Phenytoin ; Primidone ; Tacrolimus ; Theophylline ; Tobramycin ; Valproic Acid ; Vancomycin

Two trials of external quality assessment for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) subcommittee of Korean Association of Quality Assurance for Clinical Laboratory (KAQACL) were performed in 2007. Number of participating laboratories were increased to 109, by 5.63% increase comparing with the previous year. Response rates reached 98.7% for both trials slightly lower than that of the previous year. Two kinds of control materials were requested to be tested in each trial so that each institution could know the possible systematic error. In both trials, 20 test items were responded at least from one laboratory. The average drug item was 6.3 per institution, which was decreased slightly from 6.8 in recent 5 years. The most common test items were valproic acid, digoxin, carbamazepine, theophylline, phenytoin, and phenobarbital which were peformed in more than 55% of the participating laboratories, followed by cyclosporine, vancomycin, lithium, tacrolimus, methotrexate, amikacin, gentamicin, salicylate, tobramycin, acetaminophen, primidone, free phenytoin, and amitryptyline. The inter-laboratory coefficients of variations showed simliar tendency comparing with those of the previous years. We started the proficiency test for drug of abuse from 2007 and got the response from 13 and 17 laboratories in the 1st and 2nd trial, respectively. Average drug items were 3.4 for the 2nd trial. We found the relatively good performances as we got the correct answers from all laboratories except 4 for each one mistake. In conclusion, the TDM external quality assessment of 2007 showed grossly similar pattern comparing with those of previous year and drug of abuse proficiency testing showed a relatively good performance.
Acetaminophen ; Amikacin ; Carbamazepine ; Cyclosporine ; Digoxin ; Drug Monitoring ; Gentamicins ; Korea ; Lithium ; Methotrexate ; Phenobarbital ; Phenytoin ; Primidone ; Tacrolimus ; Theophylline ; Tobramycin ; Valproic Acid ; Vancomycin

PURPOSE: This study analyzed the treatment results of highly unstable trochanteric fractures and made treatment guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among three hundred six cases of trochanteric fractures from October 2001 to February 2006, the patients were divided into group 1(highly unstable trochanteric fracture, 69 cases) and group 2(age and gender-matched control group, 70 cases). The two groups were compared clinically and radiologically. A highly unstable trochanteric was defined as a fracture with a neck-shaft angle<100degrees and anterior angulation. The mean follow-up duration in groups 1 and 2 was 13.2 and 15.5 months, respectively. The mean neck-shaft angle in groups 1 and 2 was 92.1degrees and 118.9degrees , respectively. The mean anterior angulation in groups 1 and 2 was 23.0degrees and 4.6degrees. RESULTS: In group 1, 39 cases were treated with a dynamic hip screw (DHS), 22 cases were treated with a proximal femoral nail (PFN), and 8 cases(11.6%) were treated with primary bipolar hemiarthroplasty. The average amount of sliding of the lag screw in groups 1 and 2 was 10.5 mm and 3.7 mm, respectively (p<0.05). The average change in the neck-shaft angle in groups 1 and 2 was 7.0degrees 1 and 2.1degrees , respectively (p<0.05). There were 7 complications in group 1, including 5 cutting-out, 1 back-out and 1 Z-effect, and 2 cases of cutting-out in group 2. CONCLUSION: A highly unstable trochanteric fracture has a high risk of the need for additional surgery. Therefore, considerable care should be taken to treat it with a consideration of the possible need for arthroplasty.
Arthroplasty ; Femur* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemiarthroplasty ; Hip ; Hip Fractures* ; Humans

Two trials of external quality assessment for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) subcommittee of Korean Association of Quality Assurance for Clinical Pathology (KAQACP) were performed in 2005. The number of participating laboratories were increased to 95, by 6.7% comparing with the previous year. Response rates were 100.0% for both trials just like the two previous years. Two kinds of control materials were requested to be tested in each trial so that each institution could know the possible systematic error. In both trials, 20 test items were responded at least from one laboratory. The average drug item was 6.7 per institution, which was elevated slightly from 6.5 in recent 5 years. The most common test items were digoxin, valproic acid, carbamazepine, theophylline, phenytoin, and phenobarbital which were peformed in more than 65% of participating laboratories, followed by cyclosporine, lithium, vancomycin, tacrolimus, methotrexate, amikacin, gentamycin, tobramycin, salicylate, primidone, acetaminophen, free phenytoin, amitryptyline, and ethosuximide. The most widely used TDM analyzer was Abbott TDx/TDxFLx (41.7%), followed by Abbott AxSym (23.3%), and Roche Cobas Integra (19.2%). The inter-laboratory coefficients of variations were not much improved comparing with previous years. We also determined cyclosporine with reference method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In conclusion, the TDM external quality assessment of 2005 showed grossly similar pattern comparing with those of previous year with increasing participating laboratories.
Acetaminophen ; Amikacin ; Carbamazepine ; Cyclosporine ; Digoxin ; Drug Monitoring* ; Ethosuximide ; Gentamicins ; Korea* ; Lithium ; Mass Spectrometry ; Methotrexate ; Pathology, Clinical ; Phenobarbital ; Phenytoin ; Primidone ; Tacrolimus ; Theophylline ; Tobramycin ; Valproic Acid ; Vancomycin

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of Flexible intramedullary pin fixation in pediatric forearm diaphyseal fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, we reviewed 15 cases of forearm diaphyseal fractures operated using flexible intra-medullary nail fixation technique between January 2000 and December 2004. Of these 15 children, there were 11 boys and 4 girls with an average age of 11.6 years (range, 7~15 years). The implants were introduced in the distal radius and proximal ulna in all patients. An average duration of fixation was 5.3 months in the radius, 4.7 months in the ulna. After operation, all patient were applied with a long arm cast and the duration of immobilization was 5.2 weeks (range, 4~6 weeks) on average. RESULTS: All fractures in this series healed with normal range of supination (average 80.0) and pronation (average, 71.6 degrees). Average operation time including anesthesia was 123 minutes and hospital stay was 5.4 days. Time to union was 8.4 weeks on average. Range of motion and functional results were satisfactory in all cases. There were one case of incomplete ulnar nerve injury and two cases of refracture which were treated conservatively without any permanent complication. CONCLUSION: Flexible intramedullary pin fixation technique is a good method in case of unstable displaced fracture and difficult or failed closed treatment.
Anesthesia ; Arm ; Child* ; Female ; Forearm* ; Fractures, Bone* ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Length of Stay ; Pronation ; Radius ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Reference Values ; Retrospective Studies ; Supination ; Ulna ; Ulnar Nerve