Objective:To explore the correlation between serum levels of interleukin-9 (IL-9), platelet activating factor (PAF), total immunoglobulin E (IgE), interferon γ (IFN-γ), and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU).Methods:Sixty CSU active phase patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from March 2018 to March 2019 were selected and included in the CSU active phase group. Based on the 7-day Urticaria Activity Score (UAS7), they were divided into three groups: 15 mild group, 25 moderate group, and 20 severe group; And 19 patients who entered the quiescent phase of the disease after 28 days of standardized antihistamine treatment were included in the CSU quiescent phase group. Another 30 healthy subjects who participated in the physical examination at the same time at our hospital′s physical examination center were selected to be included in the healthy control group. 5 ml of fasting elbow vein blood was collected from CSU active and stationary patients, as well as healthy subjects. The serum levels of IL-9, PAF, total IgE, IFN-γ, and IL-4 were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between serum IL-9, PAF levels and total IgE, IFN-γ, and IL-4 levels in CSU active patients.Results:The serum levels of IL-9, PAF, total IgE, and IL-4 in the CSU active phase group were higher than those in the CSU stationary phase group and healthy control group (all P<0.05), and the serum IFN-γ levels were lower than those in the CSU stationary phase group and healthy control group (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the levels of the above indicators between the healthy control group and the CSU stationary group (all P>0.05). The serum levels of IL-9, PAF, total IgE, and IL-4 in the severe group were significantly higher than those in the mild and moderate groups (all P<0.05), and the serum IFN-γ levels were significantly lower than those in the mild and moderate groups (all P<0.05); The serum levels of IL-9, PAF, total IgE, and IL-4 in the moderate group were significantly higher than those in the mild group (all P<0.05), and the serum IFN-γ levels were significantly lower than those in the mild group ( P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum IL-9 and PAF levels were positively correlated with serum total IgE and IL-4 levels in CSU active phase patients (IL-9: r=0.726, 0.870, PAF: r=0.788, 0.795, all P<0.01), and negatively correlated with serum IFN-γ levels (IL-9: r=-0.831, PAF: r=-0.816, all P<0.01). Conclusions:The serum levels of IL-9 and PAF in patients with active CSU are elevated and correlated with total IgE, IFN-γ, and IL-4 levels, suggesting that IL-9 and PAF may be related to the occurrence and development of CSU.

Objective:To explore the relationship of serum interleukin (IL) -9 and platelet-activating factor (PAF) levels with serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, disease severity and disease course in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) .Methods:A total of 60 patients with active CSU were collected from Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from March 2018 to March 2019 (active CSU group), and divided into mild group, moderate group and severe group according to 7-day urticaria activity score (UAS7). After 28-day standard antihistamine therapy, the patients whose condition became stable were included in the stable CSU group. During the same period, 30 health examinees were included in the healthy control group. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from the subjects in each group, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect serum levels of IL-9 and PAF, and immunoturbidimetric assay to detect the serum total IgE level. Correlations of serum IL-9 and PAF levels with serum total IgE levels, UAS7 scores and disease courses were analyzed in patients with CSU. One-way analysis of variance was used for comparisons among multiple groups, least significant difference- t test for multiple comparisons, and Pearson correlation analysis for correlation analysis. Results:Totally, 28 males and 32 females were included in the active CSU group, their age ranged from 11 to 68 years (34.68 ± 8.62 years), and the disease duration ranged from 2 months to 7 years (1.42 ± 0.41 years). In the healthy control group, 14 were males and 16 were females, and their age ranged from 10 to 70 years (35.06 ± 7.89 years). According to UAS7, 12, 26, and 22 patients were diagnosed with mild, moderate and severe CSU respectively, and 22 were included in the stable CSU group after standard treatment. The levels of serum IL-9, PAF and total IgE significantly differed among the active CSU group, stable CSU group and healthy control group (IL-9: 144.34 ± 23.19 vs. 109.25 ± 20.77 vs. 107.23 ± 19.23 pg/ml; PAF: 362.45 ± 51.45 vs. 223.18 ± 32.46 vs. 221.23 ± 28.38 pg/ml; total IgE: 168.12 ± 32.48 vs. 24.04 ± 7.04 vs. 21.76 ± 5.95 IU/ml; F = 38.80, 148.38, 499.12, respectively, all P < 0.001), and were significantly higher in the active CSU group than in the stable CSU group and healthy control group (all P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between the stable CSU group and healthy control group (all P > 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the serum IL-9 and PAF levels were positively correlated with serum total IgE levels and UAS7 scores (all P < 0.05), but not correlated with the disease course (both P > 0.05) . Conclusion:Serum IL-9 and PAF levels in patients with active CSU were markedly elevated along with the increase in disease severity, and closely correlated with serum total IgE levels.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the rationality of TLC identification method （3） of （R，S）-epigoitrin in Isatis indigotica stated in 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopeia （partⅠ） （later abbreviated as pharmacopeia）， and make some improvements. METHODS： Three batches I. indigotica were collected and prepared into decoction pieces according to the processing method of I. indigotica in pharmacopoeia. TLC identification of （R，S）-goitrin in I. indigotica decoction piece and medicinal material were conducted according to identification method （3） in pharmacopeia （80％ ethanol as solvent for sample treatment， ultrasound extraction）； the rationality of pharmacopoeia method was investigated. Then the method was improved by changing the extraction solvent and pretreatment method （method one： using water as solvent， ultrasound extraction； method two： soaking in water for 1 h， then adding into methanol， ultrasound extraction； method three： the sample was wetted and then dried， using 80％ methanol as solvent， ultrasound extraction） of samples， and the optimal method was verified. According to the optimal method， the TLC identification of （R，S）-goitrin was detected by using chromatographic plates from different manufacturers， under the conditions of low temperature and low humidity （7 ℃， relative humidity 48％） and high temperature and high humidity （35 ℃， relative humidity 75％） respectively，to investigate the durability of the method. RESULTS： According to the method of pharmacopeia， in the chromatograms of decoction pieces， the same color spots appeared at the corresponding chromatographic positions of reference substance， but no corresponding spots appeared in the medicinal material chromatograms. After the samples were treated by three improvement methods， in medicinal material chromatograms， the same color spots appeared in the corresponding chromatographic positions of reference substances. There were single chromatographic spot after medicinal materials were treated with method one， and there were more spots after medicinal materials were treated with method two and three， and method two consumed less time than method three. The results of validation tests and method durability tests  showed that after the treatment of I. indigotica and its decoction pieces according to method two， the same color spots appeared in the corresponding positions of the decoction pieces and the medicinal materials chromatograms as those of the control. CONCLUSIONS： The improved TLC identification method is effective， the chromatographic spots are clear， and the repeatability is good.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of antibiotics combined with recombinant tuberculosis vaccine AEC/BC02 on Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in guinea pigs. Methods Two weeks after guinea pigs were challenged subcutaneously with a high dose of Mycobacterium tuberculosis,the guinea pigs with the positive skin test responses to the recombinant ESAT6-CFP10 allergen were randomly di-vided into four groups:normal saline (NS),AEC/BC02,antibiotics and antibiotics+AEC/BC02. In antibiotics+AEC/BC02 group,guinea pigs firstly received isoniazid ( INH) and rifapentine ( RFT) treatment once a week for a total of three times,and then were immunized with a single dose of AEC/BC02 vaccine six times at 10-day intervals. Guinea pigs in AEC/BC02 and antibiotics groups were respectively vaccinated with AEC/BC02 vaccine and given INH and RFT treatment at the same dose and frequency as given to antibiotics+ AEC/BC02 group. Thirteen weeks after challenge,all guinea pigs were sacrificed for necropsy. Results The gross pathological scores of NS,AEC/BC02,antibiotics and antibiotics+AEC/BC02 groups were 83±8,77± 22,45±28 and 19±14,respectively. Antibiotics+AEC/BC02 group had a significantly lower gross pathological score than antibiotics,AEC/BC02 and NS groups (P<0. 05,P<0. 01,P<0. 01,respectively). Moreover,the gross pathological scores of antibiotics and AEC/BC02 groups were significantly decreased as compared with that of NS group (both P<0. 01). However,there was no significant difference between AEC/BC02 and NS groups. The spleen bacterial load of antibiotics+AEC/BC02 group was (2. 50±1. 26) lg CFU,which was sig-nificantly lower than those of NS [(4. 92+0. 52) lg CFU],AEC/BC02 [(4. 78+0. 84) lg CFU] and antibi-otics [(4. 39+0. 50) lg CFU] groups (P<0. 01). Compared with NS group,antibiotic and AEC/BC02 groups showed no significant difference in spleen bacterial load. Histopathological changes indicated different levels of granulomatous lesions appeared in lung tissues of all groups and the most severe change was ob-served in AEC/BC02 group,followed by that in NS,antibiotics and antibiotics+AEC/BC02 groups. Conclu-sion INH and RFT treatment in combination with AEC/BC02 vaccine in the treatment of guinea pigs with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was superior to either treatment alone as it significantly alleviated organ lesions and lowered the bacterial loads in spleen and lung.

Objective To establish a rat model of superior mesenteric vein thrombosis by vein ligation and to simulate the pathological process of the disease, and to provide the basis for studies of its pathogenesis and treatment.Methods Ninety-six SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: Group A (sham operation group), group B (strangulation group) and group C (simple group), 32 rats in each group.Rats in group A were only opened the abdominal cavity but not blocked the blood supply.The rats were sacrificed at 8, 24, 48 and 72 h after operation.The rats in groups B and C were subjected to establish the strangulation and simple models by superior mesenteric vein thrombosis, respectively, and were sacrificed at 8, 24, 48 and 72 h after modeling.Histological changes (H&E staining) in the rat intestinal tissues were evaluated by a pathological scoring system.The levels of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP) and α-glutathione S-transferase (α-GST) were detected by ELISA.Results The rat model of mesenteric vein thrombosis was successfully established, with a success rate of 100% (96/96).The pathological analysis revealed that compared with the group A, different degrees of blood stasis and injuries were observed in the intestinal tissues of groups B and C, and the injury were gradually increased in the group B, while gradually reduced in the group C.The degrees of blood stasis and injury were positively correlated with the scope of ligation.The result of ELISA showed that the serum levels of IFABP and α-GST of the rats in groups B and C were significantly higher than those in group A (P < 0.05), and the degree of elevation was positively correlated with the scope of ligation.Conclusions In this study, the rat model of superior mesenteric vein thrombosis is successfully established by vein ligation.This model is simple and easy to operate with a high success rate, and can be used in related research.

More than 60% of active tuberculosis(TB) patients are smear- and culture-negative, constituting a prime group in the prevention and control of TB in China. In the existing laboratory testing technologies, immunological diagnosis is more advantageous than etiological diagnosis in the detection of smear-and culture-negative TB. Serum antibody detection reagents are cheap,easy to operate and time-sav-ing,and have been widely used in China. However,these agents are not stable in sensitivity and specificity, and because of that their accuracy in the diagnosis of smear-and culture-negative TB is doubtful. In this re-view,we summarize some problems in the use of serum antibody detection among smear- and culture-nega-tive pulmonary TB patients and discuss possible methods to solve these problems expecting to provide some ideas for promoting its development,application and policy formulation.

Objective To investigate the expression change of RACK1 ,Src and Bcl‐2 in gastric carcinoma tissue and adjacent carcinomatous tissue .Methods Eighty specimens of gastric carcinoma and adjacent carcinomatous tissues in our hospital from Au‐gust 1 ,2011 to February 1 ,2014 were collected .The immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting methods were adopted to detect the expression of RACK1 ,Src and Bcl‐2 protein in gastric carcinoma and adjacent carcinomatous tissues ,and their correlation was analyzed and performed the statistical analysis by combining with the clinicopathological data .Results The immunohistochem‐istry staining and Western blotting detection displayed that the expression positive rate and expression level of RACK 1 in gastric carcinoma tissue were obviously lower than those in the adjacent carcinomatous tissue ,while the expression positive rate and ex‐pression level of Src and Bcl‐2 in gastric carcinoma tissue were obviously higher than those in the adjacent carcinomatous tissue ,the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .The RACK1 expression in gastric carcinoma tissue was negatively correlated with the Src and Bcl‐2 expression(r= -0 .632 ,-0 .754 ,P<0 .01) ,while Src had no obvious correlation with Bcl‐2 protein(r=0 .217 ,P>0 .05) .Conclusion The expression of RACK1 in gastric carcinoma tissue is significantly decreased ,while the expres‐sions of Src and Bcl‐2 are increased .

Objective To investigate the effect of different pore sized hydroxyapatite for promoting bone vascularization in tissue engineering.Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups,named group A,B and C,which were im-planted hydroxyapatite bioceramics compositing 4 μg bone morphogenetic protein with different aperture of 200 -300,350 -450, 500-600 μm in the back subcutaneously.The size of each block was 5 mm×5 mm×1 mm in a weight about of 40.0 mg.After im-plantation,the animals were killed and the implants and the surrounding tissue were taken out at the first,second,third and forth week respectively.HE staining of histological analysis was used to detect the situation of local neovascularization.Results There was significant difference between second and third week in group A.Comparing the area of vascularization at different time points in group B and group C,there were significant difference in the comparison of intragroup (P <0.05 ).During the first week after surgery,there was only group C that had the area of vascularization.During the second and forth week after operation,the area of vascularization in group B and group C were significant higher than group A (P <0.05).The C group showed a great deal of new-born blood vessels and clear formation of bone trabeculae.Conclusion The hydroxyapatite bioceramics of 500-600 μm could better promote vascalarization of tissue engineering in bone.

Community-based rehabilitation (CBR) is positioned to provide various strategies for people with disabilities for achieving the embracing development of the community. CBR is also the terminal of the three-level rehabilitation service system. This paper analyzed the status of domestic community-based rehabilitation based on the document, discussed the possible problems referred to the international concepts about CBR, and suggested a new service pattern of CBR based on the internet and information technology.

Objective To study the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on the recovery of neurological functional after cerebral infarction,and to discuss its possible mechanism.Methods Forty-five patients with cerebral infarction were randomly divided into a control group,an rTMS group and an rTMS plus HBO group,each group with 15 patients.The patients in the two treatment groups received 1 Hz rTMS to inhibit the unaffected hemisphere and 3 Hz rTMS to stimulate the affected hemisphere.One of the treatment groups also received HBO therapy,14 daily sessions.The National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) and the Barthel index (BI) were evaluated on the 1st,14th and 30th day of treatment.Results The neurological function scores of those in the rTMS group and the rTMS & HBO group improved significantly.On the 1st and 14th day,no significant difference in NIHSS or BI scores was observed among the three groups,but by the 30th day the average neurological functional score in the rTMS & HBO group had improved significantly compared with the control group.The rTMS plus HBO group showed significantly better improvement than the rTMS group in terms of BI scores,but no significant difference in average NIHSS and BI scores was observed between the rTMS group and the control group.Fifteen days after the treatments had finished,the follow up results showed the improvements of the patients in the rTMS plus HBO group were significantly better than those in the other groups.Conclusion For patients with cerebral infarction,rTMS combined with HBO therapy can improve neurological function more significantly than rTMS therapy alone.