Objective:To investigate the relationship between plasma fluoride content, daily calcium intake and blood cell parameters in children and adolescents.Methods:This study was based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database of the United States from 2013 to 2016, with 3 684 children and adolescents aged 6 - 19 as the research subjects. Information on plasma fluoride content, daily calcium intake and blood cell parameters from the database were collected. Non-linear relationships between plasma fluoride content, daily calcium intake and blood cell parameters were analyzed using restricted cubic splines. If there was a non-linear relationship, the optimal inflection point was calculated using threshold/saturation effect analysis method. Subsequently, multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the associations among the three, and the modification effect of daily calcium intake (binary classification, stratified by median daily calcium intake) on the association between plasma fluoride content and blood cell parameters was analyzed.Results:There was no non-linear relationship between plasma fluoride content and white blood cell count, hemoglobin content and platelet count ( Pnon-linear > 0.05), but there was a non-linear relationship between plasma fluoride content and erythrocyte count and hematocrit ( Pnon-linear < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, the optimal inflection points of the effects of plasma fluoride content on erythrocyte count and hematocrit were 0.54 and 0.31 μmol/L, respectively. There was no non-linear relationship between daily calcium intake and blood cell parameters ( Pnon-linear > 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, for every 1 μmol/L increase in plasma fluoride content, the white blood cell count increased by 0.49 × 10 9/L ( P = 0.009). There was a saturation effect in the association between plasma fluoride content, erythrocyte count and hematocrit: when plasma fluoride content was < 0.54 μmol/L, the erythrocyte count decreased by 0.46 × 10 12/L for every 1 μmol/L increase ( P < 0.001). When plasma fluoride content was < 0.31 μmol/L, the hematocrit decreased by 6.29% for every 1 μmol/L increase ( P = 0.006). The above associations were not statistically significant when plasma fluoride content was higher than the optimal inflection points ( P > 0.05). After stratification according to the median daily calcium intake, in the low-calcium group (daily calcium intake < 0.87 g), for every 1 μmol/L increase in plasma fluoride content, the white blood cell count increased by 0.77 × 10 9/L ( P = 0.001). When plasma fluoride content was < 0.54 μmol/L, the erythrocyte count decreased by 0.41 × 10 12/L for every 1 μmol/L increase ( P = 0.002). When plasma fluoride content was ≥0.54 μmol/L, erythrocyte count decreased by 0.47 × 10 12/L for every 1 μmol/L increase ( P < 0.001). When the plasma fluoride content was < 0.31 μmol/L, the hematocrit decreased by 8.29% for every 1 μmol/L increase ( P = 0.011). The above associations were not statistically significant in the high-calcium group (daily calcium intake ≥0.87 g, P > 0.05). There was an interaction of daily calcium intake and plasma fluoride content on platelet count ( Pinteraction = 0.070), as demonstrated by an increase in platelet count of 12.68 × 10 9/L ( P = 0.013) in the low-calcium group and a decrease in platelet count of 9.05 × 10 9/L ( P = 0.035) in the high-calcium group for every 1 μmol/L increase in plasma fluoride content. Conclusions:The blood cell parameters of children and adolescents are closely related to plasma fluoride content, but not directly related to daily calcium intake. However, the correlation between plasma fluoride content and blood cell parameters varies among different calcium intake populations, and daily calcium intake can modify the association between plasma fluoride content and platelet count.

Objective To construct a group psychological training for junior officers based on competency model and explore its intervention effect on competency and mental health of junior officers.Methods Delphi method was used to construct a group psychological training program for junior officers based on competency model.A total of 63 junior officers were subjected with convenience sampling during October and November 2023.According to the principle of randomized controlled experimental design,the participants were divided into experimental group(n=30)and control group(n=33).The experimental group was given our group psychological training program for totally 8 sessions,90～120 min per session,2 sessions per week,while the control group received no such training.Competency scale,12-item general health questionnaire(GHQ-12),Chinese perceived stress scale(CPSS),and Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory(NEO-FFI)were used to assess the 2 groups before and at the end of intervention.Results ① The results of the 2 rounds of expert consultation showed that the total recovery rate was 100％,the expert authority coefficient was 0.87,the Kendall's coordination coefficients(ω)of the 2 rounds of expert consultation were 0.102(P＜0.001)and 0.410(P＜0.001),respectively,with a coefficients of variation of＜0.3,indicating reliable expert consultation.(2)The results of post-intervention time main effect indicated that the total score of competence(P＜0.001),extroversion score(P＜0.05)and responsibility score(P＜0.01)were significantly higher,but the total score of GHQ-12 was obviously lower in the experimental group than the control group(P＜0.001).(3)The results of post-intervention group main effects revealed that the extraversion score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P＜0.01).(4)The results of the post-intervention time × group interaction displayed that the experimental group had notably higher total competency score(P＜0.01),job performance score(P＜0.05),extraversion score(P＜0.05),agreeableness score(P＜0.001)and responsibility score(P＜0.01),but lower total GHQ-12 score(P＜0.01)than the control group.Conclusion Competency-based modeling group psychological training for junior officers can significantly enhance the competency,strengthen the extroversion,agreeableness and responsibility in personality traits,and thus improve job performance for them.

Objective To explore the mediating role of personality traits and mental resilience in the relationship between competence and job performance among junior officers.Methods Competency Inventory,25-Item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC-25),short version of the Big Five Personality Scale[Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory(NEO-FFI)],and Chinese Perceived Stress Scale(CPSS)were used as assessment tools to survey 586 junior officers selected by convenience sampling.Results ① For junior officers,their competence was positively and moderately correlated with job performance,openness personality,extroversion personality,agreeableness personality,responsibility personality,and total score and score for each dimension of psychological resilience(P＜0.01),and negatively and moderately correlated with neuroticism personality(P＜0.01).② Significantly mediating role was observed in personality and mental resilience for competence and job performance in junior officers,with an indirect effect of 20.68％for personality and 33.18％for mental resilience.Conclusion Personality and mental resilience mediate significantly between competence and job performance in junior officers.Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the action mechanism of competence in job performance for junior officers.

Background: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), caused by the PPR virus (PPRV), is an acute and fatal contagious disease that mainly infects goats, sheep, and other artiodactyls.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are considered the primary innate immune cells. Objectives: PBMCs derived from goats were infected with PPRV and analyzed to detect the relationship between PPRV replication and apoptosis or the inflammatory response. Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to identify PPRV replication and cytokines expression. Flow cytometry was conducted to detect apoptosis and the differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+T cells after PPRV infection. Results: PPRV stimulated the differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In addition, PPRV induced apoptosis in goat PBMCs. Furthermore, apoptosis and the inflammatory response induced by PPRV could be suppressed by Z-VAD-FMK and Z-YVAD-FMK, respectively.Moreover, the virus titer of PPRV was attenuated by inhibiting caspase-1-dependent apoptosis and inflammation. Conclusions This study showed that apoptosis and the inflammatory response play an essential role in PPR viral replication in vitro, providing a new mechanism related to the cell host response.

Objective:To investigate genetic characteristics of human rhinovirus (HRV) in adult inpatients with pneumonia in autumn and winter in Bengbu, Anhui province, 2021.Methods:The pharyngeal swabs of inpatients with pneumonia in Bengbu were collected for the detection of 14 common respiratory pathogens by Real-time PCR during September to December 2021. VP4/VP2 coding regions of HRV positive samples were amplified by nested PCR and phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA7.0.Results:A total of 146 samples were collected from inpatients with pneumonia; 35.62% (52/146) samples were positive with at least one pathogen. The four viruses with high detection rate were HRV, adenovirus, human coronavirus OC43 and influenza B virus. HRV positive samples accounted for 44.23% (23/52) of the positive samples, among which 9 cases (39.13%, 9/23) co-infected with HRV. Phylogenetic analysis found that HRV infection were dominated by HRV-A and HRV-B groups. The analysis based on clinical syndrome found that the white blood cells count and the proportion neutrophils of patients with HRV co-infection were higher that of HRV single infection. The proportion of patients with hypertension, diabetes, mechanical ventilation and poor prognosis in the HRV co-infection group were higher than that of HRV single infection group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:HRV is the predominant pathogen among the adult inpatients with pneumonia in Bengbu. HRV-A and HRV-B groups are common. Patients accompanied by hypertension, diabetes were easily co-infected with HRV. Patients coinfeted with HRV are more likely to be mechanical ventilation and poor prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Excessive exposure to fluoride can reduce intelligence. Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase, and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1 ( MTHFD1 ) polymorphisms have important roles in neurodevelopment. However, the association of MTHFD1 polymorphisms with children's intelligence changes in endemic fluorosis areas has been rarely explored. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four randomly selected primary schools in Tongxu County, Henan Province, from April to May in 2017. A total of 694 children aged 8 to 12 years were included in the study with the recruitment by the cluster sampling method. Urinary fluoride (UF) and urinary creatinine were separately determined using the fluoride ion-selective electrode and creatinine assay kit. Children were classified as the high fluoride group and control group according to the median of urinary creatinine-adjusted urinary fluoride (UF Cr ) level. Four loci of MTHFD1 were genotyped, and the Combined Raven's Test was used to evaluate children's intelligence quotient (IQ). Generalized linear model and multinomial logistic regression model were performed to analyze the associations between children's UF Cr level, MTHFD1 polymorphisms, and intelligence. The general linear model was used to explore the effects of gene-environment and gene-gene interaction on intelligence. RESULTS: In the high fluoride group, children's IQ scores decreased by 2.502 when the UF Cr level increased by 1.0 mg/L (β = -2.502, 95% confidence interval [CI]:-4.411, -0.593), and the possibility for having "excellent" intelligence decreased by 46.3% (odds ratio = 0.537, 95% CI: 0.290, 0.994). Children with the GG genotype showed increased IQ scores than those with the AA genotype of rs11627387 locus in the high fluoride group ( P   <  0.05). Interactions between fluoride exposure and MTHFD1 polymorphisms on intelligence were observed (Pinteraction < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that excessive fluoride exposure may have adverse effects on children's intelligence, and changes in children's intelligence may be associated with the interaction between fluoride and MTHFD1 polymorphisms.
Child ; Creatinine ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Fluorides/urine* ; Formate-Tetrahydrofolate Ligase ; Humans ; Intelligence/genetics* ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (NADP) ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)

Background: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an infectious disease caused by the peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) that mainly produces respiratory symptoms in affected animals, resulting in great losses in the world's agriculture industry every year. Singledomain variable heavy chain (VHH) antibody fragments, also referred to as nanobodies, have high expression yields and other advantages including ease of purification and high solubility. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to obtain a single-domain antibody with good reactivity and high specificity against PPRV. Methods: A VHH cDNA library was established by immunizing camels with PPRV vaccine, and the capacity and diversity of the library were examined. Four PPRV VHHs were selected, and the biological activity and antigen-binding capacity of the four VHHs were identified by western blot, indirect immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses. ELISA was used to identify whether the four VHHs were specific for PPRV, and VHH neutralization tests were carried out. ELISA and western blot analyses were used to identify which PPRV protein was targeted by VHH2. Results: The PPRV cDNA library was constructed successfully. The library capacity was greater than 2.0 × 106 cfu/mL, and the inserted fragment size was approximately 400 bp to 2000 bp. The average length of the cDNA library fragment was about 1000 bp, and the recombination rate was approximately 100%. Four single-domain antibody sequences were selected, and proteins expressed in the supernatant were obtained. The four VHHs were shown to have biological activity, close affinity to PPRV, and no cross-reaction with common sheep diseases. All four VHHs had neutralization activity, and VHH2 was specific to the PPRV M protein. Conclusions The results of this preliminary research of PPRV VHHs showed that four screened VHH antibodies could be useful in future applications. This study provided new materials for inclusion in PPRV research.

Objective:To explore the factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD) in adult males with low-to-moderate fluoride exposure in Henan Province.Methods:Adult male villagers from low-to-moderate fluoride exposure areas in Tongxu County, Kaifeng City, Henan Province were recruited from April to May 2017 based on cluster random sampling. Questionnaire survey, physical measurements and urinary samples collection were conducted respectively. Urinary fluoride (UF) was determined by fluoride ion-selective electrode. Ultrasound bone densitometer was used to measure BMD (T-score). Partial correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the influence factors of BMD.Results:A total of 439 adult males were included in this study. Age, body mass index (BMI), UF content, and T-score of the participants were (47.99 ± 8.49) years, (25.77 ± 3.23) kg/m 2, (1.34 ± 0.74) mg/L, and-1.79 ± 0.79, respectively. Partial correlation analysis showed a significantly positive correlation between BMI and T-score after age adjustment ( r = 0.194, P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that T-score decreased by 0.015 (95% CI:-0.024 -- 0.005, P < 0.05) for each 1-year increase in age and T-score increased by 0.034 (95% CI: 0.009-0.059, P < 0.05) for each 1.0 kg/m 2 increase in BMI. Interaction analysis showed that T-score was closely related to the interaction between overweight (≥24.0 kg/m 2), non-smoking, tea drinking and UF [ β (95% CI): 0.134 (0.001-0.269), 0.163 (- 0.015-0.337), 0.215 (- 0.006-0.436), P < 0.10]. Conclusions:Our findings reveal a negative correlation between age and BMD, and a positive correlation between BMI and BMD in adult males with low-to-moderate fluoride exposure in Henan Province. In addition, low-to-moderate fluoride exposure is more likely to damage the BMD of smokers.

Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology* ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology* ; COVID-19/virology* ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology* ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity* ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology* ; Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology*

Background: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an infectious disease caused by the peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) that mainly produces respiratory symptoms in affected animals, resulting in great losses in the world's agriculture industry every year. Singledomain variable heavy chain (VHH) antibody fragments, also referred to as nanobodies, have high expression yields and other advantages including ease of purification and high solubility. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to obtain a single-domain antibody with good reactivity and high specificity against PPRV. Methods: A VHH cDNA library was established by immunizing camels with PPRV vaccine, and the capacity and diversity of the library were examined. Four PPRV VHHs were selected, and the biological activity and antigen-binding capacity of the four VHHs were identified by western blot, indirect immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses. ELISA was used to identify whether the four VHHs were specific for PPRV, and VHH neutralization tests were carried out. ELISA and western blot analyses were used to identify which PPRV protein was targeted by VHH2. Results: The PPRV cDNA library was constructed successfully. The library capacity was greater than 2.0 × 106 cfu/mL, and the inserted fragment size was approximately 400 bp to 2000 bp. The average length of the cDNA library fragment was about 1000 bp, and the recombination rate was approximately 100%. Four single-domain antibody sequences were selected, and proteins expressed in the supernatant were obtained. The four VHHs were shown to have biological activity, close affinity to PPRV, and no cross-reaction with common sheep diseases. All four VHHs had neutralization activity, and VHH2 was specific to the PPRV M protein. Conclusions The results of this preliminary research of PPRV VHHs showed that four screened VHH antibodies could be useful in future applications. This study provided new materials for inclusion in PPRV research.