ObjectiveTo explore the effects of angle and original moisture content on the moisture distribution， migration and contents of effective components in the drying process of sliced Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma（SMRR）. MethodsSet the slicing angles of SMRR at 30°， 45°， and 90°. Cut the fresh samples， 1/3 dehydrated samples， and 2/3 dehydrated samples， dry them in an oven at 40 ℃ and take samples at the set time points. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance（LF-NMR） and magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） were used to analyze the changes in transverse relaxation time（T₂） of SMRR samples in 9 treatment groups at specific times， as well as the distribution and migration of water in the samples. The contents of tanshinone Ⅱ_A， tanshinone Ⅰ， cryptotanshinone， and salvianolic acid B in samples from 9 different treatment groups were determined by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， and the best processing technology of SMRR was screened by combining with One-way ANOVA， Duncan multiple comparison and principal component analysis（PCA）. ResultsThe moisture content of dry basis of SMRR in each treatment group decreased with the extension of drying time. The drying rate of fresh cut group decreased slowly at first， while the drying rate of water loss group showed a trend of increasing at first and then decreasing. The internal water of SMRR could be divided into three states， including bound water， non flowing water and free water. During the drying process， the water migration law showed that the free water of fresh cut group disappeared after drying for 12 h， the content of bound water gradually decreased， and the overall fluidity deteriorated. In the water loss group， part of the free water was transformed into more cohesive and non flowing water after drying for 3 h， and the three kinds of water basically disappeared after drying for 12 h. The MRI results showed that the entire dehydration process slowly moved from the outer side to the center， and the internal water eventually dissipated. In terms of the contents of active ingredients， the order of the effect of slicing angle on the total content of active ingredients in SMRR was 30°>45°>90°. The content of tanshinones was ranked as 1/3 dehydrated group>2/3 dehydrated group>fresh cut group， and the content of salvianolic acid B was ranked as 1/3 dehydrated group>fresh cut group>2/3 dehydrated group. Combined with the results of PCA and comprehensive scoring results， the overall level of effective component content in SMRR was the highest when cut at 30° after 1/3 of water loss. ConclusionAfter comprehensive evaluation， SMRR can be sliced at 30° after 1/3 of water loss. It is not only easy to cut， but also the surface and cross-sectional colors remain basically unchanged after drying， which is similar to the color under traditional processing， and the effective ingredients are preserved the highest. This study can provide a basis for the optimization of processing technology of SMRR.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of rhizosphere organic acids secreted by the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza on continuous cropping obstacles. MethodsThe mixed solution of organic acids in the rhizosphere of S. miltiorrhiza in continuous cropping and rotation cropping was added to the hairy roots subcultured for 21 days， and samples were collected on days 0， 2， 4， 6， 8， and 10. The changes of biomass， effective components， primary metabolites， secondary metabolites， antioxidant enzymes， and hormones in hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza were observed and determined. ResultsCompared with the rotation cropping group and the blank control group， the simulation of organic acid secretion from the roots of S. miltiorrhiza had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of hairy roots and decreased the content of effective components as well as total sugar and total protein in primary metabolites. Compared with the blank control group， the rotation cropping group and the continuous cropping group showed total sugar and total protein content decreases of 33.9% and 5.1%， respectively. On the other hand， the secretion of organic acids from S. miltiorrhiza roots significantly promoted the accumulation of total phenolic acids and total tanshinone， which showed increases of 14.6% and 1.6%， respectively， in continuous cropping group and rotation cropping group compared with the blank control group. ConclusionThe organic acid environment under continuous cropping significantly inhibited the growth of hairy roots and the accumulation of primary metabolites， while promoting the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites of S. miltiorrhiza.

Objective:To reveal the molecular characteristics of mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) in rat model of peripheral nerve injury (PNI) using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology that would provide the developmental changes and major biological process involved in the function of MPs after PNI.Methods:Twenty-seven male SD rats (200-300 g in weight) were selected from the Department of Hand and Foot Microscopy and Wound Repair Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University) and the Department of Orthopaedics of First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from July 2023 to December 2023. The rats were divided into a Sham operation group (Sham group), a 3 days post crush group (3 dpc group) and a 7 days post crush group (7 dpc group), following the randomised table method with 9 rats per group. After 7 days of environmental acclimatisation, the 3 dpc group and 7 dpc group were subjected to have the right sciatic nerve crushed in order to create a model of crush injury. And as a control group, the Sham group was subjected to Sham surgery only. Nine right sciatic nerves of rats were collected from each group at the corresponding time pints. Single-cell isolation was performed on the 10X Genomics platform. ScRNA-seq libraries were constructed using the Gel Bead Kit V3 and the libraries were sequenced using an Illumina Novaseq 6000 sequencer. Dimensionality reduction was performed using Principal Component Analysis and T-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding to visualise and explore the cellular heterogeneity within the dataset. Nine distinct cell clusters and their corresponding marker genes were identified based on the dimensionality-reduced data. Differential gene expression analysis was then performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MPs between different groups. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed to uncover the biological processes and pathways based on the DEGs. Monocle program for pseudo-time analysis was used to infer the developmental trajectory of MPs after injury.Results:A total of 19 054 cells were obtained by sequencing, and the results showed that the proportion of MPs in peripheral nerves was significantly up-regulated after PNI, and MPs were classified into 9 cellular subgroups based on the clustering analysis of the scRNA-seq data, which were Cluster 1 (3 398 cells), Cluster 2 (3 388 cells), Cluster 3 (3 262 cells), Cluster 4 (2 825 cells), Cluster 5 (2 753 cells), Cluster 6 (1 894 cells), Cluster 7 (648 cells), Cluster 8 (492 cells) and Cluster 9 (394 cells), respectively. Based on the expression of different cell subpopulation markers, MPs in the Sham group, 3 dpc group and 7 dpc group of sciatic nerves were classified into 9 cell clusters and the distributions of different MPs clusters in the 9 sciatic nerve samples were identified, among which, the Sham group had the lowest number of MPs cells in the sciatic nerve samples (a total of 2 719 cells) and the clusters were mainly dominated by clusters 5 (1 119 cells) and clusters 6 (1 240 cells). The 3 dpc group had the highest number of MPs cells (9 760 cells in total) and the clusters were mainly dominated by cluster 2 (1 760 cells), cluster 3 (3 130 cells) and cluster 4 (2 300 cells). The MPs (6 575 cells in total) in the 7 dpc group were mainly dominated by cluster 1 (2 406 cells) and cluster 2 (1 628 cells). Compared with the Sham group, the GO and KEGG annotations of the DEGs were significantly upregulated in the 3 dpc group, indicating that MPs in the rat sciatic nerves would have the ability to bind to extracellular molecules and remove debris from the injury site at 3 days post-injury, and the 7 dpc group would have the ability to activate the signalling pathways related to nerve repair. The proposed time-series analysis revealed that, in the uninjured condition, the MPs were mainly in the cluster 5 (Ccl17 +Cd80 +) and cluster 6 (Fcmr +Slc9a9 +). At 3 days post-injury, MPs developed into cell types dominated by cluster 2 (Cd8b +Meis3 +), cluster 3 (Il10 +Cd163 +) and cluster 4 (Ccl24 +Prg4 +). At 7 days post-injury, the effector state of cluster 2 among the main cell types of MPs was still maintained but the other parts had developed into cluster 1 (Hspa1b +Apobec1 +) related phenotypes. Conclusion:The molecular characteristics of MPs in the peripheral nerve revealed through scRNA-seq data provide valuable insights into the role of MPs in mediating inflammation and neural regeneration after PNI.

BACKGROUND: Corneal disease is second only to cataract considered as the leading cause of blindness in the world, with high morbidity. Construction of corneal substitutes In Vitro by tissue engineering technology to achieve corneal regeneration has become a research hotspot in recent years. We conducted in-depth research on the biocompatibility, physicochemical and mechanical properties of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBM-MSCs)-seeded gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) as a bioengineered cornea. METHODS: Four kinds of GelMA with different concentrations (7, 10, 15 and 30%) were prepared, and their physicchemical, optical properties, and biocompatibility with rBM-MSCs were characterized. MTT, live/dead staining, cell morphology, immunofluorescence staining and gene expression of keratocyte markers were performed. RESULTS: 7%GelMA hydrogel had higher equilibrium water content and porosity, better optical properties and hydrophilicity. In addition, it is more beneficial to the growth and proliferation of rBM-MSCs. However, the 30%GelMA hydrogel had the best mechanical properties, and could be more conducive to promote the differentiation of rBM-MSCs into keratocyte-like cells. CONCLUSION As a natural biological scaffold, GelMA hydrogel has good biocompatibility. And it has the ability to promote the differentiation of rBM-MSCs into keratocyte-like cells, which laid a theoretical and experimental foundation for further tissue-engineered corneal stromal transplantation, and provided a new idea for the source of seeded cells in corneal tissue engineering.

The fundus lesions caused by high myopia (HM) often lead to irreversible visual impairment or even blindness. However, the pathogenesis of HM and its fundus lesions is still unclear, the intraocular fluid detection technology of micro samples has brought new prospects for the early diagnosis, monitoring and intervention of the fundus lesions. The molecules associated with HM are various and functionally diverse, intermolecular interactions are staggered and the specific mechanism is complex. With the development of intraocular fluid detection technology, while gradually revealing the role of each molecule in the pathogenesis of HM, it is expected to successfully assist clinical work in the future, providing outpost markers for the progress of myopia and targets for early intervention, or providing a new therapy choice for HM fundus lesions at the molecular level targeting pathogenesis, which is expected to provide more accurate and effective treatment for HM patients in the future.

A large number of investigations and studies abroad have focused on the quality of life of breast cancer long-term survivors (BCLS) and its influencing factors. Although their long-term quality of life has been improved, the improvement of their quality of life is affected by many factors. At present, there are few researches on BCLS in China. This research systematically searches CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed and Web of Science, includes relevant literature on quality of life of BCLS in recent years and describes the current domestic and foreign research status of quality of life of BCLS. It reviews from four aspects, including general demographic factors, disease-related factors, psychosocial factors and exercise, in order to provide reference for the follow-up research and practice.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of intermittent irrigation with povidone iodine for early postoperative infections of prosthetic joint.Methods:From September 2014 to September 2017, a total of 6 patients with early postoperative infections of prosthetic joint were analyzed retrospectively. They underwent one of three types of orthopedic surgery, namely femoral head replacement (FHR), total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). These patients were treated with intermittent irrigation at the bedside instead of debridement. After extensive disinfection, the presence of pus and sinuses communicating with the prosthesis were detected with vascular forceps. Then, the specimens were taken for bacterial culture. Under the protection of the forceps, a needle was entered the joint cavity. Povidone iodine solution (50 g/L, 10 ml) was injected into the joint for irrigation. The intervention was repeated once every day. When the wound was fresh, no pus was observed with negative bacterial cultures for more than twice. The irrigation operation was stopped followed by dressing change until the wound heals. During the follow-up, six patients were observed for systemic and local infections, including body temperature, swelling, tenderness, fluctuations, exudation and sinus. At 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after discharge, the routine blood tests, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, liver and kidney function were tested. X-rays of the affected joints were examined to record the signs of infection such as prosthesis subsidence, loosening, osteolysis, and periosteal reaction. Harris/KSS joint function score and visual analogue score (VAS) were used to evaluate the hip or knee joint function. The iatrogenic injuries and complications were also recorded.Results:The follow-up duration was 42.1±13.4 months (24-60 months). Each case has been irrigated for 12.7±5.7 times (6-18 times). At the last follow-up, all patients achieved satisfied incision healing. No swelling, exudation, systemic and local infection was observed without signs of infection such as osteolysis, loosening of prosthesis and periosteal reaction in radiographs. The VAS scores at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 months after discharge were all lower than those at the preoperative (4.67±0.82) ( F=24.79, P<0.001). The Harris scores of the 5 hip patients at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 months after discharge were 70.00±8.92, 76.40±7.23, 81.40±6.07, 82.80±4.87 and 83.20±5.07, respectively. No statistical difference was found between them ( P>0.05). However, they were all higher than the preoperative Harris score (22.40±12.74) ( F=43.74, P<0.001). In a patient with TKA, the knee function was significantly improved after discharge. Before surgery and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 months after discharge, the KSS scores were 50, 75, 80, 88, 90 and 90 respectively. No iatrogenic injuries, serious complications such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, severe liver/kidney damage or deaths were observed. Conclusion:When debridement is contraindicated or refused by patients, intermittent irrigation with povidone iodine may be a treatment method for patients with early postoperative infections of prosthetic joint.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in medical institutions in Tianjin from 2005 to 2017 and provide evidence for the improvement of AIDS prevention and treatment in medical institutions.Methods:The data of the newly reported cases of HIV/AIDS in medical institutions in Tianjin from 2005 to 2017 were analyzed. Meanwhile a retrospective survey was conducted on the source department of medical institutions and the main disease for treatment of HIV/AIDS cases.Results:A total of 3 035 HIV/AIDS cases were reported in medical institutions in Tianjin from 2005 to 2017 with an annual increase of 24.8 %, among these cases, 49.2 % (1 343/2 728) were reported from inpatients and 50.8 % (1 385/2 728) were reported from outpatients. There was an increasing trend in the HIV positive detection rate in STD outpatients from 2011 to 2017 ( χ2=18.469, P=0.005). The counts of the first CD 4+ T cell counts (CD 4) ( χ2=17.189, P=0.000) among the cases from inpatients and outpatients and the proportions of deaths in the year when the cases were found differed ( χ2=61.198, P=0.000), the differences were significant. And the statistically significant differences in the counts of the first CD 4 ( χ2=16.751, P=0.000) and the proportions of deaths in the year when the cases were found ( χ2=18.926, P=0.000) existed among the cases in grade Ⅲ hospitals and in grade Ⅱ hospitals; meanwhile the differences in the counts of the first CD 4 ( χ2=37.620, P=0.000) and the proportions of deaths in the year when the cases was found ( χ2=95.489, P=0.000) among the cases from different departments were significant. Conclusion:The timeliness of HIV/AIDS case reporting by outpatient departments was better in medical institutions in Tianjin, and the case reporting in grade Ⅱ hospitals were more timely than in grade Ⅲ hospitals; so it is suggested to provide active HIV test in key departments of medical institutions for the better HIV/AIDS prevention and control in Tianjin.

Objective: To verify the diagnostic value of adenosine deaminase (ADA) for tuberculous pleural effusion. Methods: Forty-three cases with tuberculous pleural effusion and 163 cases with non-tuberculous pleural effusion were consecutively collected. The concentration of ADA in pleural effusion was determined by enzyme kinetics. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis curve was used to calculate the optimal cut-off value of ADA for diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion based on the control groups with non-tuberculous pleural effusion. Meanwhile, the specificity and sensitivity of ADA level for diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion were compared with previous reports. Results: The concentration of ADA in tuberculous pleural effusion (median 52.5 U/L) was significantly higher than that in non-tuberculous pleural effusion (median 9.8 and 10.6 U/L) (P＜0.05). With a cut-off level for ADA of 25 U/L, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was 88.0% and 91.0%, respectively. A system review analyzed data from 17 studies with QUADAS score ≥10 points and revealed the cut-off value of ADA to be （28.1±12.8） U/L (range 10.2 to 55.8 U/L) with a sensitivity of 89% (95%CI: 87% to 91%) and a specificity of 89% (95%CI: 88% to 91%). Conclusion The specificity and sensitivity of ADA for diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusions should be up to over 85%, while the cut-off value of ADA from different literature reports were diverse.

Objective: To investigate efficacy of operation and non-operation treatment for hip fractures patients complicated with pulmonary embolism. Methods: A retrospective case control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 18 hip fracture patients complicated with pulmonary embolism admitted to Dongyang People's Hospital from May 2017 to January 2019. There were 11 males and seven females, aged 59 to 96 years[(80.0±9.3)years]. There were 10 patients with intertrochanteric fractures, one with femoral subtrochanteric fracture and seven with femoral neck fractures. After diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, the patients were given anticoagulant therapy with low molecular weight heparin for at least one week. The re-examination showed that pulmonary embolism absorption improved and D-dimer did not increase. Eleven patients chose surgical treatment (operation group) with intramedullary nail internal fixation or artificial hip replacement. Seven patients chose non-surgical treatment (non-operation group) with skin traction. The Harris score of hip function was compared between the two groups. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate hip joint pain. At the last follow-up, fracture healing, prognosis of pulmonary embolism and mortality within 3 months were recorded. Results: All the patients were followed up for 3-22 months [(11.2±6.0)months]. At last follow-up, the Harris score was (92.1±2.2)points in the operation group and (28.8±18.8)points in the non-operation group (P<0.01); the VAS was 0 point (0-1 point) in the operation group and 3 points (1-3 points) in the non-operation group (P<0.01). At the last follow-up in the operation group, five patients obtained fracture healing after internal fixation, and among the six patients receiving artificial joint replacement, five patients recovered well except for one deceased patient. At the last follow-up, pulmonary embolism was absorbed and no recurrence of pulmonary embolism was found. None of the patients died within 3 months in operation group, while 14% of the patients (1/7) in the non-operation group died within 3 months. Conclusions For hip fracture patients complicated with pulmonary embolism, compared with non-operation treatment, operation treatment is more beneficial to restore hip function and relieve pain, with lower mortality rate within 3 months. Operation treatment is feasible for patients who showed improved absorption of pulmonary embolism and no secondary increase of D-dimer after one to two weeks of full anticoagulation treatment before operation.