ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of rhizosphere organic acids secreted by the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza on continuous cropping obstacles. MethodsThe mixed solution of organic acids in the rhizosphere of S. miltiorrhiza in continuous cropping and rotation cropping was added to the hairy roots subcultured for 21 days， and samples were collected on days 0， 2， 4， 6， 8， and 10. The changes of biomass， effective components， primary metabolites， secondary metabolites， antioxidant enzymes， and hormones in hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza were observed and determined. ResultsCompared with the rotation cropping group and the blank control group， the simulation of organic acid secretion from the roots of S. miltiorrhiza had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of hairy roots and decreased the content of effective components as well as total sugar and total protein in primary metabolites. Compared with the blank control group， the rotation cropping group and the continuous cropping group showed total sugar and total protein content decreases of 33.9% and 5.1%， respectively. On the other hand， the secretion of organic acids from S. miltiorrhiza roots significantly promoted the accumulation of total phenolic acids and total tanshinone， which showed increases of 14.6% and 1.6%， respectively， in continuous cropping group and rotation cropping group compared with the blank control group. ConclusionThe organic acid environment under continuous cropping significantly inhibited the growth of hairy roots and the accumulation of primary metabolites， while promoting the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites of S. miltiorrhiza.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of angle and original moisture content on the moisture distribution， migration and contents of effective components in the drying process of sliced Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma（SMRR）. MethodsSet the slicing angles of SMRR at 30°， 45°， and 90°. Cut the fresh samples， 1/3 dehydrated samples， and 2/3 dehydrated samples， dry them in an oven at 40 ℃ and take samples at the set time points. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance（LF-NMR） and magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） were used to analyze the changes in transverse relaxation time（T₂） of SMRR samples in 9 treatment groups at specific times， as well as the distribution and migration of water in the samples. The contents of tanshinone Ⅱ_A， tanshinone Ⅰ， cryptotanshinone， and salvianolic acid B in samples from 9 different treatment groups were determined by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， and the best processing technology of SMRR was screened by combining with One-way ANOVA， Duncan multiple comparison and principal component analysis（PCA）. ResultsThe moisture content of dry basis of SMRR in each treatment group decreased with the extension of drying time. The drying rate of fresh cut group decreased slowly at first， while the drying rate of water loss group showed a trend of increasing at first and then decreasing. The internal water of SMRR could be divided into three states， including bound water， non flowing water and free water. During the drying process， the water migration law showed that the free water of fresh cut group disappeared after drying for 12 h， the content of bound water gradually decreased， and the overall fluidity deteriorated. In the water loss group， part of the free water was transformed into more cohesive and non flowing water after drying for 3 h， and the three kinds of water basically disappeared after drying for 12 h. The MRI results showed that the entire dehydration process slowly moved from the outer side to the center， and the internal water eventually dissipated. In terms of the contents of active ingredients， the order of the effect of slicing angle on the total content of active ingredients in SMRR was 30°>45°>90°. The content of tanshinones was ranked as 1/3 dehydrated group>2/3 dehydrated group>fresh cut group， and the content of salvianolic acid B was ranked as 1/3 dehydrated group>fresh cut group>2/3 dehydrated group. Combined with the results of PCA and comprehensive scoring results， the overall level of effective component content in SMRR was the highest when cut at 30° after 1/3 of water loss. ConclusionAfter comprehensive evaluation， SMRR can be sliced at 30° after 1/3 of water loss. It is not only easy to cut， but also the surface and cross-sectional colors remain basically unchanged after drying， which is similar to the color under traditional processing， and the effective ingredients are preserved the highest. This study can provide a basis for the optimization of processing technology of SMRR.

Clinically,tandem carotid artery stenosis(TCAS)is a relatively rare atherosclerotic disease,and with the development of interventional techniques,its treatment has become more and more minimally invasive,and the technical feasibility of hybrid surgery(HS)has been already confirmed for long time.In recent years,with the increasing of the number of patients and the deepening of research both at home and abroad,it has been found that the safety and effectiveness of HS for TCAS are still questionable,and it is particularly important to choose the appropriate treatment for such patients.This article aims to make a comprehensive review about the HS for TCAS,focusing on its surgical process,comparison of its surgical methods,and the current controversies over the treatment of TCAS,with the hope that clinicians can get a more comprehensive understanding about this surgical method.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,32:95-99)

Objective:To explore the values of single and combined detection of mammography,ultrasound Doppler and serum markers of tumor included serum prostate specific antigen(PSA),serum carbohydrate antigen 15-3(CA153),mucin 1(MUC1)and human growth differentiation factor 3(GDF3)in diagnosing early breast cancer.Methods:A total of 96 patients with breast cancer,who admitted to Tangshan People's Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 and were confirmed by pathological examination,were selected as breast cancer group.At the same time,70 patients with benign breast diseases who received diagnosis and treatment in our hospital were selected as benign lesions group.In addition,50 normal people who were confirmed as health by physical examination in our hospital were selected as research subjects of healthy control group.The postoperative pathological examination was used as the gold standard to compare the diagnostic values of single mammography,ultrasonic Doppler examination,serum PSA,CA153,MUC1,GDF3 and the combined examination of them for breast cancer.Results:In the breast cancer group,78 cases of the 96 patients with breast cancer were diagnosed as malignant tumor by ultrasound on breast,with a positive detection rate of 81.3%,and 80 cases of them were diagnosed as malignant tumor by mammography X-ray examination,with a positive detection rate of 83.1%.The levels of serum PSA,CA153,MUC1 and GDF3 of breast cancer group were respectively higher than those of the benign lesion group and healthy control group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=8.783,10.361,11.258,18.965,9.564,12.658,12.688,20.163,P<0.05).Using breast cancer as the dependent variable,and using serum PSA,CA153,MUC1 and GDF3 as independent variable to perform Logistic regression analysis.The results of Logistic regression analysis indicated that serum PSA,CA153,MUC1 and GDF3 were important risk factors of breast cancer(OR value =1.165,1.168,1.472,1.248,P<0.05).The results of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(95%CI),sensitivity and specificity of single application of each indicator of ultrasound on breast,mammography,serum PSA,CA153,MUC1 and GDF3 were respectively[0.723(0.595-0.851),82.56%and 67.32%],[0.761(0.636-0.886),85.79%and 65.36%],[0.833(0.726-0.941),81.48%and 85.73%],[0.837(0.738-0.926),61.25%and 70.17%],[0.768(0.648-0.889),71.49%and 80.87%],[0.613(0.469-0.758),52.94%and 50.57%].However,the AUC(95%CI),sensitivity and specificity of the combined application of 6 items were respectively 0.958(0.905-0.999),96.37%and 84.83%,which had higher diagnostic efficiency.Conclusion:The combined detection performance of mammography,ultrasound Doppler and serum PSA,CA153,MUC1 and GDF3 is higher than that of single each detection,which is helpful to conduct early identification and diagnosis for breast cancer.

Objective:To explore the trends and distribution of liver cancer between sexes, ages, and urban-rural areas in Tianjin, China from 1999 to 2021, and provide data for targeted prevention and control strategies of liver cancer in Tianjin.Methods:Liver cancer mortality data of Tianjin during 1999-2021 were from the Tianjin population based mortality surveillance system maintained by the Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the population data of permanent Tianjin residents were from Tianjin Municipal Public Security Bureau. Liver cancer mortality, years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability adjusted life years (DALY) were calculated using the cause of death surveillance data collected by Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The distributions of these data among residents of different sexes, ages, and regions were analyzed. Segi's world standard population was used for standardization. Joinpoint regression was used for trend analysis on the mortality rate of liver cancer and the disease burden.Results:The liver cancer mortality rate in Tianjin decreased by 46.75% from 1999 to 2021, with distinct phased characteristics. From 1999 to 2010, the age-sex-standardized mortality rate (SMR) decreased from 12.62/100 000 to 11.64/100 000 with an annual percent change (APC) of -1.32% ( P=0.003). From 2010 to 2021, the SMR decreased from 11.64/100 000 to 6.72/100 000 (APC=-3.89%, P＜0.001). The age-sex-standardized DALY rates(SDR) decreased by 50.63% from 1999 to 2021, also with distinct phased characteristics. From 1999 to 2010, the SDR decreased from 388.67/100 000 to 349.38/100 000 (APC=-1.35%, P=0.002). From 2010 to 2021, the SDR decreased from 349.38/100 000 to 191.88/100 000 (APC=-4.43%, P＜0.001). The liver cancer mortality rate declined most rapidly in the age group under 45 years; the APC for those under 35 years was -5.07% ( P＜0.001), and for those aged 35-44 years, the APC was 0.63% ( P=0.707) and -8.21% ( P＜0.001) before and after 2007, respectively. Both SMR and SDR were significantly higher in males than in females ( P＜0.01). Both SMR and SDR were significantly higher in urban areas than in rural areas from 1999 to 2007 ( P＜0.05), but they became similar after 2008. Liver cancer DALY are predominantly YLL, accounting for 99%. The median age of liver cancer deaths in Tianjin during 1999-2021 was 64-68 years old, with males lower than females ( P＜0.05), and rural areas lower than urban areas ( P＜0.05), generally showing an increasing trend (1999-2014: APC=0.11%, P=0.047; 2014-2021: APC=0.51%, P=0.005). Conclusions:Liver cancer mortality rate and disease burden decreased from 1999 to 2021 in Tianjin, with an especially accelerated decline after 2010. Further efforts to reduce liver cancer mortality in Tianjin are needed, and special attention should be focused on the elderly, male, and rural residents.

Objective:To explore the trends and distribution of liver cancer between sexes, ages, and urban-rural areas in Tianjin, China from 1999 to 2021, and provide data for targeted prevention and control strategies of liver cancer in Tianjin.Methods:Liver cancer mortality data of Tianjin during 1999-2021 were from the Tianjin population based mortality surveillance system maintained by the Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the population data of permanent Tianjin residents were from Tianjin Municipal Public Security Bureau. Liver cancer mortality, years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability adjusted life years (DALY) were calculated using the cause of death surveillance data collected by Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The distributions of these data among residents of different sexes, ages, and regions were analyzed. Segi's world standard population was used for standardization. Joinpoint regression was used for trend analysis on the mortality rate of liver cancer and the disease burden.Results:The liver cancer mortality rate in Tianjin decreased by 46.75% from 1999 to 2021, with distinct phased characteristics. From 1999 to 2010, the age-sex-standardized mortality rate (SMR) decreased from 12.62/100 000 to 11.64/100 000 with an annual percent change (APC) of -1.32% ( P=0.003). From 2010 to 2021, the SMR decreased from 11.64/100 000 to 6.72/100 000 (APC=-3.89%, P＜0.001). The age-sex-standardized DALY rates(SDR) decreased by 50.63% from 1999 to 2021, also with distinct phased characteristics. From 1999 to 2010, the SDR decreased from 388.67/100 000 to 349.38/100 000 (APC=-1.35%, P=0.002). From 2010 to 2021, the SDR decreased from 349.38/100 000 to 191.88/100 000 (APC=-4.43%, P＜0.001). The liver cancer mortality rate declined most rapidly in the age group under 45 years; the APC for those under 35 years was -5.07% ( P＜0.001), and for those aged 35-44 years, the APC was 0.63% ( P=0.707) and -8.21% ( P＜0.001) before and after 2007, respectively. Both SMR and SDR were significantly higher in males than in females ( P＜0.01). Both SMR and SDR were significantly higher in urban areas than in rural areas from 1999 to 2007 ( P＜0.05), but they became similar after 2008. Liver cancer DALY are predominantly YLL, accounting for 99%. The median age of liver cancer deaths in Tianjin during 1999-2021 was 64-68 years old, with males lower than females ( P＜0.05), and rural areas lower than urban areas ( P＜0.05), generally showing an increasing trend (1999-2014: APC=0.11%, P=0.047; 2014-2021: APC=0.51%, P=0.005). Conclusions:Liver cancer mortality rate and disease burden decreased from 1999 to 2021 in Tianjin, with an especially accelerated decline after 2010. Further efforts to reduce liver cancer mortality in Tianjin are needed, and special attention should be focused on the elderly, male, and rural residents.

Objective:To build a training and promotion model for traditional Chinese medicine nursing tourism project in Zhejiang Province, promoting homogeneous management and standardized promotion of traditional Chinese medicine nursing tourism project.Methods:From July 2022 to June 2023, purposive sampling was used to select 20 experts from ClassⅢ traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in Zhejiang Province for Delphi expert consultation. Two rounds of consultation were conducted via email to construct a training and promotion model for traditional Chinese medicine nursing tourism project in Zhejiang Province.Results:In the two rounds of expert consultation, the effective response rate of the questionnaire was 100% (20/20), the familiarity coefficient of the experts was 0.89, the judgment coefficient was 0.94, and the authority coefficient of the experts was 0.92. The Kendall harmony coefficients for two rounds of consultation were 0.268 and 0.105, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.001). The training and promotion model for traditional Chinese medicine nursing tourism project in Zhejiang Province included six first-level indicators, 22 second-level indicators, 74 third-level indicators, and 28 fourth-level indicators. Conclusions:The construction process of the training and promotion model for traditional Chinese medicine nursing tourism project in Zhejiang Province is rigorous and standardized, providing reference for training and helping to promote innovation and sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine nursing.

Objective:To understand the current situation of knowledge, attitude and practice of nasointestinal tube nursing among emergency department nurses and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:A total of 470 emergency department nurses from 35 hospitals with nasoenteric tube technology in Beijing were selected as the survey objects by the convenient sampling method from December 2023 to January 2024. The general data questionnaire and Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Questionnaire on Nasointestinal Tube Nursing among Emergency Department Nurses were used to investigate. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze influencing factors on the knowledge, attitude and practice level of nurses in nasointestinal tube nursing.Results:A total of 470 questionnaires were sent out and 470 were effectively collected, with the effective recovery rate of 100.0%. The scores of knowledge, attitude and practice dimensions and total score of emergency department nurses in nasointestinal tube nursing were (25.14±6.80), (44.55±6.94), (79.33±11.73) and (149.03±18.35), respectively. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the education level of emergency department nurses, whether they were teachers, whether they had systematically cared for nasointestinal tubes and whether they had encountered nasointestinal tube blockage were the influencing factors of knowledge dimension ( P<0.05), the professional title of nurses was the influencing factor of attitude dimension ( P<0.05), and hospital level, whether they systematically studied and whether they could independently complete nasointestinal tube placement were the influencing factors of practice dimension ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The nasointestinal tube nursing level of nurses in the emergency department still needs to be improved and is affected by various factors. Nursing managers should strengthen the training and guidance of nasointestinal tube nursing, train clinical nutrition specialized nurses, formulate targeted training plans and carry out quality supervision combining various methods to comprehensively promote the improvement of nurses' nasointestinal tube nursing level.

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of circular RNA(circRNA)has_circ_0003304(circAZIN1)in regulating chondrocyte degeneration in osteoarthritis(OA).Methods Gene chip was used to detect the expression level of circRNA during the chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose-de-rived stem cells(hADSC).The circAZIN1 was further screened through the chondrocyte inflammation model constructed with interleukin-β(IL-β)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)from the top 10 circRNAs with the most differentiated expression detected by gene chip.Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain re-action PCR(qPCR)was used to detect the effect of circAZIN1 overexpression(transfected with pcDNA3.1-circAZIN1-EF1-ZsGreen plasmid)on the metabolism of chondrocyte extracellular matrix(ECM).RNA-Pull down test was conducted to detect the protein bound by circAZIN1,miRNA-circRNA Interactions predicted the microRNAs(miRNAs)and their sites that circAZIN1 may be sponge-adsorbed,further TargetMiner,miRDB and TargetScan databases were applied to predict miRNAs which circAZIN1 may sponge-adsorbed.circAZIN1,miRNA and downstream mRNA were detected to find whether there was mirror regulation phe-nomenon after overexpression of miRNA.Results CircAZIN1 had the most significant differential expression during the chondrogenic differentiation of hADSC(day 3 and day 21)and in the chondrocyty inflammation model constructed by IL-β,TNF-α(day 3 group vs.day 21 group,the conttrol group vs.the IL-β group,the control group vs.the TNF-α group).Overexpression of circAZIN1 could promote the ECM synthesis in chon-drocytes and inhibit its decomposition.RNA-Pull down test result showed that circAZIN1 obviously bound AGO2 protein,suggesting that circAZIN1 had a high possibility of sponge adsorbing miRNAs.Further data-base predicted that its downstream was hsa-miR-654-3p,and the downstream mRNA of hsa-miR-654-3p was CACNA1I.After the overexpression of hsa-miR-654-3p,qPCR test found that circAZIN1,hsa-miR-654-3p and CACNA1I had a mirror image regulation phenomenon.Conclusion circAZIN1 inhibits the silencing effect of CACNA1I through sponge adsorption of hsa-miR-654-3p and thus plays a role in inhibiting chondrocyte de-generation,which provides a reference for the study of the regulatory mechanism of circRNA in the develop-ment of OA.

Objective To study the clinical effect of Kinesio Tape for treating the lower limb function in children with spastic cerebral palsy accompanied by knee hyperextension.Methods Sixty children with spastic cerebral palsy treated by rehabilitation therapy in this hospital from August 2017 to December 2018 were se-lected as the study subjects and divided into the experiment group and control group,30 cases in each group.The control group adopted the conventional rehabilitation therapy,while the experiment group was combined with Kinesio Tape on the basis of conventional rehabilitation therapy.The treatment course lasted for 3 months.Before and after treatment,the children patients conducted the Gross Motor Function Measure-88(GMFM-88)scoring,Modified Ashworth Scale(MAS)grading on the triceps surae muscle in the affected side,surface electromyography,measurement of dorsiflexion angle of foot in knee extension position and meas-urement of maximum knee extension angle of knee joint.Results The GMFM-88 score,triceps surae muscle MAS grade in the affected side,foot dorsiflexion angle in Knee extension position,maximum knee extension angle in the erect position in the two groups were improved compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05).Furthermore,the above indicators in the experimental group were superior to those in the control group(P＜0.05).The surface electromyographic value had no statistical difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).No obvious adverse reactions occurred during the treatment process with good compliance.The chil-dren's parents in the experiment group filled in Kinesio Tape satisfaction questionnaire,and had 100％satis-faction.Conclusion Kinesio Tape combined with routine rehabilitation therapy could effectively improve the muscular tension,joint activity,knee excessive extension degree and exercise function in children with spastic cerebral palsy accompanied by knee hyperextension.