Objective:To explore the effects of intrahippocampal injection of ferroptosis inducer Erastin on depressive- and anxiety-like behavior and the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins in rats.Methods:Forty 6-week-old healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups ( n=8/group): Control group, Erastin low-dose(200 ng/μL) group, Erastin medium-dose(400 ng/μL) group, Erastin high-dose group(600 ng/μL) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 μg/L) group.After the intrahippocampal injection of Erastin(2.5 μL per side), body weight, and behavioral tests, including sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swimming test (FST), open field test (OFT), and elevated plus maze (EPM), were performed to evaluate depressive- and anxiety-like phenotypes from the fourth day after injection.The levels of ferroptosis-related proteins and mRNA, including glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX2), ferritin heavy polypeptide 1 (FTH1), long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) were measured using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis.SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.One-Way ANOVA was used for multi-group comparison, and LSD was used for further pound-wise comparison. Results:(1)Body weight and behavioral tests: there were no statistically significant differences in baseline body weight and behavioral tests in these groups ( F=0.02-1.15, all P>0.05). After intrahippocampal injection, compared with the control group, medium-dose Erastin induced depression-like behaviors in rats more significantly, as indicated by reduced bodyweight ((245.20±5.24)g, (267.45±13.16)), sucrose preference in SPT ((32.14±8.51)%, (68.17±13.67)%), central time in OFT ((6.01±2.57)s, (16.49±7.21)s), percentage of time in open arm in EPM ((5.00±3.83)%, (19.63±5.91)%) and increased immobility time in FST ((37.00±7.58)s, (12.50±5.51)s) and percentage of time in closed arm in EPM ((89.43±4.77)%, (59.96±9.91)%), and there were statistically significant differences in these groups (all P<0.05). (2)The expression of ferroptosis-related indicators: after intrahippocampal injection, the expression of mRNA ( F=2.23, 8.37, 2.91, 7.60, 3.16, all P<0.05) and protein ( F=3.31, 40.13, 8.52, 3.70, 70.79, all P<0.05) of FTH1, GPX4, SLC7A11, COX2 and ACSL4 in hippocampus were statistically significant differences in the 5 groups.The mRNA and protein levels of FTH1, GPX4 and SLC7A11 in Erastin medium-dose group were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05), while the mRNA and protein levels of COX2 and ACSL4 were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Intrahippocampal microinjection of Erastin(400 ng/μL) can induce ferroptosis in hippocampus of rats and can also induce depressive-like behaviors in rats.

As a common psychiatric disorder, the etiology and pathogenesis of depression are complex and not yet fully elucidated.The diagnosis of depression mainly depends on the patients’ medical history, clinical symptoms and related examinations.Identification of biomarkers will provide important clues for the specific diagnosis and targeted treatment of depression.In addition to the widely recognized neurotransmitter dysregulation, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity, neuroplasticity, and neuro-inflammation theory, oxidative stress is also involved in the pathogenesis of depression in multiple ways.Many studies showed that the heat shock protein 70(HSP70)levels will increase in early stage to cope with the stress in patients with depression.However, lower HSP70 levels are often correlated with more severe depressive symptoms.HSP70 may be involved in depression through multiple pathways of oxidative stress, glucocorticoid receptors, neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity.Furthermore, increasing HSP70 expression results in significant improvement in depression-like behavior in animals.Thus, HSP70 possesses potential value as an early warning marker for depression as well as a therapeutic target.

Objective:To explore the influence of chronic rhinitis on depressive symptoms of college freshmen and the mediating effect of avoidant personality.Methods:A cluster sampling method was used to survey 8 079 college freshmen from April 2018 to October 2018 using the Beck depression inventory and the avoidant personality diagnosis questionnaire based on DSM-Ⅳ.SPSS 25.0 software was used for descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation analysis, and the macro program PROCESS version 3.3 was used for the mediating effect.Results:(1) The detection rates of chronic rhinitis, avoidant personality and depressive symptoms were 22.90% (1 850/8 079), 19.22% (1 553/8 079) and 6.28% (507/8 079). The scores for avoidant personality disorder and depressive symptoms were 1.00 (0, 3.00) and 1.00 (0, 4.00), respectively. (2) The chronic rhinitis, avoidant personality and depressive symptoms were positively correlated ( rchronic rhinitis-avoidant personality=0.094, rchronic rhinitis-depressive symptoms=0.095, ravoidant personality-depressive symptoms=0.416, all P<0.001). (3) Chronic rhinitis could positively predict depressive symptoms ( β=1.113, P<0.001). (4) Avoidant personality played a mediating role between chronic rhinitis and depressive symptoms ( β=1.094, P<0.001), and accounted for 44.92%(0.500/1.113) of the total effect. Conclusion:Chronic rhinitis directly affect the depressive symptoms of college freshmen, and indirectly affect the depressive symptoms of college freshmen through the mediating role of avoidant personality.

Malnutrition is closely related to clinical outcomes and accurate evaluation of nutritional status is the cornerstone of nutritional therapy. However, consistent diagnostic criteria for malnutrition have been absent for quite a long period. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria were introduced in September 2018 and served as a consensus-based evaluation tool. As per GLIM criteria, evaluation of malnutrition should follow a two-step approach with nutritional screening as the first step and then malnutrition diagnosis assessment and severity grading based on etiologic as well as phenotypic metrics. Since debut, GLIM criteria have been applied in different countries, healthcare settings and populations, showing good accuracy and prognostic value for outcomes such as complications and survival. However, most of the studies are retrospective in nature and high-quality prospective studies are needed to better validate GLIM criteria. The way to steer nutritional interventions based on GLIM criteria is also worth future investigation.

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder characterized by low mood with complex pathophysiological mechanisms and poor effect of pharmacological treatment.The animals were placed in greater sensory, physical and/or social stimuli than those of the standard feeding environment, so that they can obtain positive plasticity and adaptability.Environmental enrichment(EE) is a common intervention to improve brain function in laboratory.A large number of studies have shown that EE had significant ameliorative effects on various animal models of depression, but the mechanisms have not been yet fully understood with outcome heterogeneity in ethology.There was no universally accepted and unified paradigm and standard for EE due to its multi-dimensionality and complexity.Therefore, it is necessary to improve the structural components and implementation steps of EE by integrating the existing data.Combined with recent studies on animal models of depression, this paper reviewed the anti-depression mechanism of EE from promoting hippocampal neurogenesis, reducing neuroinflammation, regulating neuroendocrine and affecting epigenetic modifications, in order to provide new ideas for mechanisms research and treatment of depression.As the rise of precision medicine and individualized medicine brings human growing interest in exploring the sources and mechanisms of inter-individual differences and intra-group effects of depression, it will be a challenge to translate EE to the human society in a rational way.

Objective:To explore the feasibility and clinical efficacy of oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) in the treatment of adjacent segment disease (ASDis).Methods:Retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 31 patients with ASDis treated by OLIF in four medical centers from June 2015 to December 2018. There were 17 males and 14 females. The average age was (65.7±3.4) years (range, 59 to 75 years). 19 cases received single-segment fixed fusion, 11 cases received double-segment fixed fusion and 1 case received three-segment fixed fusion. Original fixed fusion site: 1 case of L 1, 2, 3 cases of L 3, 4, 11 cases of L 4, 5, 4 cases of L 5S 1, 6 cases of L 3-L 5, 5 cases of L 4-S 1, and 1 case of L 3-S 1. The time from the initial fixation and fusion to this admission was 82.5±45.5 months (rang, 24 to 180 months). ASDis occurred at the proximal end of the fixed fusion segment in 28 cases and at the distal end in 3 cases. The types of ASDis: degenerative disc disease in 11 cases, lumbar spinal stenosis in 15 cases, degenerative spondylolisthesis in 2 cases, and degenerative scoliosis in 3 cases. The location of ASDis: 6 cases of L 2, 3, 12 cases of L 3, 4, 6 cases of L 4, 5, 3 cases of L 1-L 3, 1 case of L 2-L 4, and 3 cases of L 1-L 4. At admission, 3 cases of lumbar internal fixation had been removed and 28 cases of internal fixation remained. Stand-alone OLIF was performed in 19 cases, OLIF combined with pedicle screw fixation in 8 cases, and OLIF combined with cortical screw fixation in 4 cases. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were used to evaluate the low back pain and lumbar function before operation and at the last follow-up, and the imaging results and complications were observed. Results:All patients were followed up. The follow-up time was 23.6±9.6 months (range, 12 to 60 months). The operation time was 73.8±25.3 mins (range, 40 to 180 min), and the intraoperative blood loss was 86.2±67.4 ml (range, 20 to 310 ml). The average blood loss in each segment was 24.8 ml. During the operation, there were 1 case of segmental vein injury, 7 cases of endplate injury, 2 cases of transient iliopsoas muscle weakness, 1 case of thigh pain and numbness, and 1 case of incomplete intestinal obstruction. There was no incision necrosis and infection. The VAS score of low back pain decreased from 5.9±1.9 before operation to 1.4±0.6 at the last follow-up, with a statistically significant difference ( t=8.47, P<0.001). The ODI index recovered from 45.2%±5.7% before operation to 13.8%±4.7% at the last follow-up, with a statistically significant difference ( t=7.92, P<0.001). The height of intervertebral space increased from 8.7±1.6 mm before operation to 11.4±1.9 mm after operation and 9.9±1.8 mm at the last follow-up. There was a statistically significant difference between postoperative and preoperative height of intervertebral space ( F=4.15, P=0.007). There was a statistically significant difference between the last follow-up and postoperative height of intervertebral space ( P=0.011). During the follow-up, there were 13 cases of fusion cage subsidence, 1 case of fusion cage displacement, and no case of internal fixation loosening or fracture. The intervertebral fusion rate was 94%(29/31) and the complication rate was 42%(13/31). Conclusion:ASDis is a common complication after lumbar fixation and fusion, and requires surgical treatment. OLIF is a reliable method to treat ASDis as it has advantages of small trauma, high fusion rate and low complication rate.

The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism held the 43 rd annual academic conference online from September 9 to 14,2021. Based on reports from the con-ference, the authors launched a review on the current hot topics in clinical nutrition.

Objective: To establish a real-time fluorescence recombinase acid amplification (RAA) method for the detection of adenovirus type 3(HAdV-3)without extraction nucleic acid. Methods: According to the conserved sequence of adenovirus type 3 gene, a pair of primers and a probe were designed, and a real-time fluorescence RAA without extracting nucleic acid was established and optimizing the condition of DNA-free extraction. The sensitivity of the method was analyzed by a series of dilution and the specificity of the method was evaluated by detecting the original samples of other respiratory viruses. The clinical samples of HAdV-3 were detected and compared with the traditional real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method for nucleic acid extraction. Results: The sensitivity of the real-time fluorescence RAA method was as high as that of qPCR in the detection of 10 series diluted HAdV-3 strains. The highest corresponding CT value of qPCR was 36.87. The sensitivity of the real-time fluorescence RAA method was similar to that of the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method . There was no cross-reaction to other common types of respiratory viruses. The two method were used to detect 56 clinical samples at the same time, and the result were completely consistent. Conclusions We provide the first report of the real-time fluorescent RAA assays for the detection of HAdV-3 without extracting nucleic acid and it has high sensitivity and specificity. Is suitable for rapid detection of HAdV-3 in clinical laboratories and on-site unite.

Objective To investigate the effect of microRNA-1180 transfection on the growth of renal cell carcinoma lines 786-O and ACHN.Methods The renal carcinoma cells were divided into the two groups:control group (transfecting dsControl) and experimental group (transfecting miR-1180).The expression change of p21 mRNA was detected by qRT-PCR.Western blot was conducted to analyze the expression changes of p21,CDK4,CDK6 and CyclinD1 proteins.Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect the cell cycle change.The MTS assay was conducted to detect the cell viability and the colony forming assay was performed to examine the cell proliferation ability.Results The qRT-PCR results showed that compared with the negative control dsControl group,after miR-1180 transfection,the expression level of·p21 mRNA in 786-O and ACHN cells was up-regulated to 2.54-fold and 2.49-fold respectively(P＜0.01).The expression trend of p21 protein was consistent with qRT-PCR results.The expression of CDK4,CDK6 and CyclinD1 proteins were significantly down-regulated.The FCM results showed that the proportion of cells in G0/ G1 phase was significantly increased after transfection of miR-1180,but the proportion of cells in S phase and G2/M phase was decreased significantly,indicating that the cell cycle was arrested in G0/G1 phase.The MTS assay results showed that compared with the dsControl group,the viability of the two kinds of renal carcinoma cells was significantly decreased.The colony formation assay showed that the number of colonies formed in the miR-1180 group was smaller,indicating the proliferation ability of miR-1180 transfected cells was decreased.Conclusion miR-1180 can significantly activate the p21 protein expression and inhibit the growth of renal carcinoma cell lines 786-O and ACHN.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of real-time visual feedback on improving the quality of manual chest compression in ambulance.Methods Ten pre-hospital doctors with cardiopulmonary resuscitation experience,aged under 40 years,were recruited to this randomized,crossover,manikin research and randomly assigned into control group (n=5) and feedback group (n=5) by the sealed envelope method.The setting place was a moving ambulance with the velocity of 25～50 km/ h.The whole process consisted of two sessions.In control group,which received feedback in the second session,chest compressions were performed without interruption during each of the three 2 min phases per session,resting for 2 min between phases and for 5 min between sessions.In feedback group,which received feedback in the first session,chest compressions were performed without interruption during each of the three 2 min phases per session,resting for 2 min between phases and for 5 min between sessions.Data of compression rate,compression depth,compression detention and compression accuracy rate were collected.Results In control group,the compressions rate was lower and compression detention was shorter during the second session compared with those during the first session [(109.8±±4.7) r/min vs.(121.2± 10.1) r/min,(6.5±2.1) r/min vs.(10.4±2.8) r/min,all P＜0.05],while the compression accuracy rate during the second session was higher than that during the first session [(28.2±±14.3) ％ vs.(16.8±9.9) ％,P＜0.05].There was no significant difference in compression rate between the two sessions in control group;Compression frequency,compression depth,compression detention and compression accuracy rate did not significantly change between the two sessions in feedback group (all P＞0.05).In the whole process,the compression rate was lower and compression detention was shorter in the feedback group compared with the control group [(111.1±5.1) r/min vs.(115.5±9.7) r/min,(6.5±1.8) vs.(8.4±4.6) r/min,all P＜0.05],and the compression accuracy rate in the feedback group was higher than that in the control group[(22.5±13.4) ％ vs.(26.7±16) ％,P＜0.05].There was no significant difference in compression rate between the two groups during whole process (P＞0.05).Conclusions Although real-time visual feed back improved the quality of manual chest compression in ambulances,which demonstrated more reasonable compression rate,less compression detention and higher compression accuracy,the overall quality of reuscitation was still not enough to achieve effective treatment.This implies that more optimal methods are required to transfer the patients suffering cardiac arrest.