Polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） is a common gynecological endocrine and reproductive disorder，with the main clinical manifestations including ovulation failure，insulin resistance，hyperandrogenism，and obesity. Its occurrence and development are closely related to cellular regulatory mechanisms such as apoptosis，autophagy，oxidative stress，and inflammatory response. Autophagy，as a clearance mechanism that maintains cellular homeostasis，plays a crucial role in maintaining the growth，development，and maturation of oocytes. Exploring the mechanism of autophagy during the occurrence and development of diseases can help develop treatment methods for PCOS by regulating autophagy. Studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PCOS，and it can affect the occurrence and development of PCOS through multiple pathways，levels，and targets. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） regulates autophagy in ovarian granulosa cells or endometrium of patients with PCOS by targeting the expression of autophagy signaling pathways，regulatory factors，and non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules，thereby alleviating inflammation，regulating metabolism disorders，and balancing hormone levels in PCOS. Accordingly，TCM can ameliorate pathological conditions such as insulin resistance，hyperandrogenism，and ovulation failure in PCOS. This article summarizes the TCM formulas and extracts for the treatment of PCOS，as well as the main autophagy pathways and regulatory factors involved，aiming to provide reference and suggestions for the future treatment of PCOS with TCM by regulating autophagy.

Objective To observe changes in genetic material in the peripheral blood of pediatric patients with vascular malformations after interventional procedures. Methods A total of 108 children with vascular malformations who underwent interventional procedures at Shandong University Affiliated Children’s Hospital between February 2021 and January 2024 were selected as the research subjects. Clinical data and peripheral venous blood samples before and after the interventional procedures were collected from the children. Two biological indicators, γ-H2AX and peripheral blood lymphocyte chromosomal aberration (CA), were used to determine the levels of genetic material damage in children with vascular malformations before and after interventional procedures. Results The median age of the children was 7 years and the median body weight was 27 kg. The median dose-area product (DAP) was 24.20 Gy·cm² and the median DAP/kg was 1.04 Gy·cm²/kg. The incidence rates of both γ-H2AX foci and CA in children with vascular malformations significantly increased after the interventional procedures (Z = 5.924, P < 0.001; Z = 8.515, P < 0.001). The incidence of postoperative CA in 7 children were significantly higher than that in others, approaching or exceeding 4%. The incidence rates of postoperative γ-H2AX foci and CA in children with DAP/kg ≥ 1 Gy·cm²/kg were significantly higher than those in children with DAP/kg < 1 Gy·cm²/kg (U = 7.586, P = 0.031; U = 6.835, P = 0.009). No significant differences were observed in the incidence rates of postoperative γ-H2AX foci and CA among subgroups based on age, body weight, or surgical site. A positive correlation was observed between the difference in the incidence rates of γ-H2AX foci before and after the procedure and DAP/kg (R = 0.493, P = 0.027). Conclusion Ionizing radiation exposure during interventional procedures can increase peripheral blood genetic material damage levels in children with vascular malformations, and the damage levels show a correlation with the radiation dose, with some children being abnormally sensitive. Further research is needed to explore the influencing factors for genetic material damage in children with vascular malformations after interventional procedures, which is of great significance for reducing long-term cancer risks and achieving personalized treatment strategies.

Objective: To explore the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function in Chinese adolescents, so as to provide a reference for promoting the overall development of Chinese adolescents physical and mental health. Methods: From September to December 2022, a total of 5 018 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years from Shanghai, Suzhou, Taiyuan, Wuyuan, Xingyi, and Urumqi were selected by stratified cluster sampling method to assess cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function. Pearson s correlation and linear hierarchical regression were performed to analyze the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and executive functions. Results: Among the sample of adolescents, maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max ) was negatively correlated with the refreshing(1-back, 2-back) and conversion executive function responses ( r=-0.07, -0.12, -0.12, P <0.01). Linear regression analysis showed that VO 2max was negatively correlated with the reaction times of the refreshing(1-back, 2-back) and conversion functions ( B=-2.99, -6.44, -1.69, P <0.01). Conclusions Higher cardiorespiratory fitness among adolescents is associated with better performance in executive function. Teenagers should strengthen high intensity cardiopulmonary endurance exercise to promote the improvement of executive function.

Objective To explore the eradication rate of human papillomavirus(HPV)and gestational outcome of patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial disease of the cervix(HSIL)after loop electrosurgical excision procedure(LEEP)by transvaginal dissection of the vesicorectal form the cervix.Methods A total of 53 patients treated with LEEP by transvaginal dissection of the vesicorectal form the cervix in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Fudan University from Jan to Dec,2019 were investigated.Clinical information of cervical cytological examination,HPV test and cervical biopsy under colposcopy were followed up for 6,12 and 24 months post-LEEP were collected.HPV infection in these 53 patients were compared before and after LEEP surgery.The rate of successful fertility of the cohort,the HPV conversion rate of patients with hysterectomy and LEEP done were compared.The association between the pathological type and positive surgical margin and the association between HPV infection type and positive surgical margin were analyzed.Results HPV infection rate of was 94.3%(50/53)and the proportion of HPV16 and/or 18 infection was 75.5%(40/53).Mono-HPV infection rate(69.8%,37/53)was significantly higher than mixed HPV infection rate(22.7%,13/53).Thirty-eight patients(71.7%)were found with positive surgical margin in previous LEEP operation.Fifteen patients had recurrence(28.3%)and 40 patients(75.5%)successfully delivered baby after surgery.Postoperative pathology was mainly HSIL,accounting for 66%(30/53),and 28.3%patients(15/53)had no pathological change.Forty cases had satisfying fertility-conservative operation outcome with negative surgical margin,and 38 patients eradicated HPV infection after LEEP,which took up 95%of patients with satisfying fertility-conservative operation.There was no significant difference of positive resection margin rate in between groups of HPV16/18 infection and other types.Five cases had successful delivery(12.5%,5/40)with 1 case of vaginal delivery and 4 cases of cesarean section.Among these 5 cases,3 cases undertook preventive cervical cerclage,with 1 case of vaginal delivery and 2 cases of cesarean sections.Conclusion HPV eradication rate and surgical outcome could be significantly improved by LEEP with transvaginal dissection of the vesicorectal from the cervix,which satisfied the fertility preservation of females at reproductive age.

ObjectiveTo investigate the general situation of defect of vertebral column among primary and middle school students in Minhang District of Shanghai and analyze the related factors， to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment. MethodsFrom September to October 2022， a total of 5 715 students were selected from two primary schools， two middle schools， and two high schools in Minhang District for physical examinations and screening for defect of vertebral column. ResultsTotally 219 students had defect of vertebral column， accounting for 3.83% of the sampled population. Anteroposterior spinal abnormalities were found in 4 individuals， accounting for 0.07%， and 218 students had scoliosis， accounting for 3.81%. The detection rate of defect of vertebral column was higher in girls （6.27%） than that in boys （1.51%）， and higher in high school students （10.74%） than in primary school students （1.31%） and middle school students （10.97%）. Students who are mildly underweight （5.95%） and who are moderately to severely underweight （7.46%） had a higher detection rate of defect of vertebral column than those with normal weight （4.54%）， overweight （2.83%）， and obesity （1.60%）. The detection rate among students with poor vision （4.32%） was significantly higher than those with normal vision （2.24%）， with all differences statistically significant （all P<0.05）. ConclusionThe positive rate of defect of vertebral column in primary and middle school students in Minhang District， Shanghai is nearly 4%， with most cases being scoliosis. Factors such as being female， increasing age， being underweight， and poor vision are associated with a higher probability of detecting defect of vertebral column.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness for the construction of "mosquito-free village" in Xuejia Village, Pujiang County, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the guidance for the construction of "mosquito-free village" in other rural areas. Methods: Density of adult mosquitoes in Xuejia Village was investigated using light trap method and density of larval mosquitoes was investigated using larval straw method from April to November each year. Totally 30 households of villagers were randomly selected, and their awareness rates of mosquito control knowledge, mosquito control behavior forming rates and satisfaction rates were surveyed through questionnaires. Investment during construction (from August 2016 to December 2018) and maintenance period (from 2019 to 2023) of "mosquito-free village" were investigated through data review and interviews. Long-term effects of "mosquito-free village" construction in Xuejia Village were evaluated in terms of mosquito density from 2016 to 2023, effectiveness of health education for villagers, satisfaction and investment. Results: Compared with the year 2016, the densities of adult and larval mosquitoes in Xuejia Village were significantly decreased from 2017 to 2023. The average monthly density of adult mosquitoes in 2023 decreased by 98.34%, and the average monthly 100 household index of larval mosquitoes decreased by 98.45% compared to 2016. The average monthly density of adult mosquitoes from 2019 to 2023 was less than or equal to one mosquito per light trap in a night, and the average monthly 100 household index of larval mosquitoes was less than or equal to five places per 100 households. The awareness rate of mosquito control knowledge was 93.33%, the behavior forming rate was 86.67%, and the satisfaction rate was 90.00%. By December 2023, the total investment during construction and maintenance period was 450 thousand Yuan, with an average annual investment of 60.7 thousand Yuan and average annual investment of 206.61 Yuan per household. The average annual investment during maintenance period was 36.2 thousand Yuan, and the average annual investment per household was 109.70 Yuan. Conclusion The mosquito density, effectiveness of health education for villagers and satisfaction of "mosquito-free village" in Xuejia Village all meet the evaluation criteria of "mosquito-free village", and the investment is reasonable, making it suitable for promotion to other rural areas.

Acute liver injury (ALI) is one of the common severe diseases in clinic, which is characterized by redox imbalance and inflammatory storm. Untimely treatment can easily lead to liver failure and even death. Rosmarinic acid (RA) has been proved to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, but it is not clear how to protect ALI through antioxidation and inhibition of inflammation. Therefore, this study explored the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of RA on ALI through in vitro and in vivo experiments. In the mouse ALI model, the effects of RA on liver function and inflammatory indexes were studied, the pathological changes of liver were observed by HE, the effect of RA on reactive oxygen species in liver was detected by fluorescence method, and the level of F4/80 in liver tissue was detected by immunohistochemical method. The levels of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (CASPASE-1) in liver tissue were measured by Western blot. All animal welfare and experimental procedures follow the rules of the Animal Ethics Committee of Southwest Minzu University. In vitro, human hepatoma cell line HepG2 was used to establish the model of oxidative damage induced by H₂O₂. The cell viability was detected by CCK-8 method. The level of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the supernatant was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the activity of lactatede hydrogenase (LDH) was detected by LDH kit, and the level of ROS was detected by fluorescence probe DCFH-DA labeling. The mRNA expression of Txnip, Nlrp3, Caspase 1, Il1β was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR), and the protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (NRF2), TXNIP, NLRP3 and CASPASE-1 were measured by Western blot. The results showed that compared with the model group, the degree of liver swelling, tissue injury, liver function index in RA group were significantly lower than those in model group. And RA significantly attenuated the increases of ROS in liver tissue. The expression levels of TXNIP, NLRP3 and CASPASE-1 in liver tissue were significantly lower than those in model group. Additionally, RA inhibited the expressions of F4/80 and IL-1β. In vitro experiment, compared with model group, RA effectively inhibited the secretion of IL-1β and LDH. The level of ROS also decreased significantly. RA inhibited the mRNA expressions of Txnip, Caspase 1, Il1β. Furthermore, RA significantly increased the expression level of NRF2 protein in nucleus, and decreased the expression level of TXNIP and NLRP3 protein. Specifically, with the addition of ML385, the effect of RA on NRF2, TXNIP, NLRP3, CASPASE-1 protein expression was reversed. Collectively, these findings suggested that RA may inhibit the production of ROS by promoting NRF2 nuclear transfer, and then reduce the activation of NLRP3 inflammatory bodies by TXNIP, reduce cell death and inflammatory response to prevent the liver injury.

Objective Viral encephalitis is an infectious disease severely affecting human health.It is caused by a wide variety of viral pathogens,including herpes viruses,flaviviruses,enteroviruses,and other viruses.The laboratory diagnosis of viral encephalitis is a worldwide challenge.Recently,high-throughput sequencing technology has provided new tools for diagnosing central nervous system infections.Thus,In this study,we established a multipathogen detection platform for viral encephalitis based on amplicon sequencing. Methods We designed nine pairs of specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR)primers for the 12 viruses by reviewing the relevant literature.The detection ability of the primers was verified by software simulation and the detection of known positive samples.Amplicon sequencing was used to validate the samples,and consistency was compared with Sanger sequencing. Results The results showed that the target sequences of various pathogens were obtained at a coverage depth level greater than 20×,and the sequence lengths were consistent with the sizes of the predicted amplicons.The sequences were verified using the National Center for Biotechnology Information BLAST,and all results were consistent with the results of Sanger sequencing. Conclusion Amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing technology is feasible as a supplementary method for the pathogenic detection of viral encephalitis.It is also a useful tool for the high-volume screening of clinical samples.

Objective:To explore the effect of emotional imagery desensitization therapy on posttraumatic stress disorder among school- age children with fracture, to alleviate the adverse psychological state of the children.Methods:By a randomized controlled trials, a total of 78 school- age children with fracture at the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from July 2021 to July 2023 were divided into experimental group and control group according to the admission time, with 39 cases in each group. Both groups carried out routine care, the control group was given routine psychological intervention, the experimental group implemented emotional imagery desensitization therapy. Before and after 3 months of intervention, the effects was assessed by Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Self-rating Scale (PTSD-SS) and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ), respectively.Results:During the research process, there were 2 cases of dropout in the control group due to disconnection, and 4 cases in the experimental group due to disconnection and voluntary withdrawal. 37 children in the control group [20 males and 17 females, age (9.27 ± 1.62) years], and 35 children in the experimental group [21 males and 14 females, age (9.57 ± 1.63) years] completed the intervention. Before intervention, the difference of PTSD-SS and MCMQ scores between two groups was no statistically significant (all P>0.05). After intervention, the subjective assessment, re-experiencing, avoidance symptoms, hypervigilance, functional impairment factor scores and total PTSD-SS scores were (1.51 ± 1.06), (10.74 ± 3.30), (10.86 ± 2.93), (11.94 ± 3.18), (2.31 ± 1.30), (37.37 ± 6.37) in the experimental group, lower than in the control group (2.08 ± 0.80), (12.92 ± 3.63), (12.73 ± 2.99), (14.65 ± 4.23), (2.97 ± 0.87), (45.35 ± 5.86), the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.53-5.54, all P<0.05). After intervention, the confrontation subscale scores were (23.49 ± 2.48), higher than in the control group (21.89 ± 2.38), the avoidance, acceptance- resignation subscale were (10.31 ± 1.89) and (6.83 ± 1.98), lower than in the control group (11.57 ± 1.79) and (7.86 ± 2.12), the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.79, 2.89, 2.14, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Emotional imagery desensitization therapy can effectively alleviate post- traumatic stress disorder and promote positive coping mode in school-age children with fracture.

Objective To observe the value of high-frequency ultrasound(HFUS)and shear wave elastography(SWE)parameters of lower extremity muscles for evaluating dermatomyositis(DM).Methods Totally 19 DM patients(DM group)and 20 healthy subjects(control group)were prospectively enrolled,and lower extremity muscles HFUS and SWE examinations were performed.The echoes,thickness and shear wave velocity(SWV)of bilateral vastus lateralis and lateral head of gastrocnemius were compared between groups.Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn,and the area under the curves(AUC)were calculated to evaluate the efficacy of each ultrasonic parameter for evaluating DM.Results The proportion of muscle echo score of 1-point,thickness of bilateral lateral head of gastrocnemius,SWV of bilateral vastus lateralis and lateral head of gastrocnemius in DM group were all lower than those in control group(all P＜0.05).SWV of bilateral vastus lateralis and left lateral head of gastrocnemius had excellent efficacies for evaluating DM(AUC 0.932-0.968).The thickness of bilateral lateral head of gastrocnemius and SWV of right lateral head of gastrocnemius had good efficacy for evaluating DM(AUC 0.784-0.884),while the muscles'echo had general efficacy(AUC=0.658).Conclusion HFUS and SWE parameters of lower extremity muscles could be used to evaluate DM,among which SWE parameters had relatively higher values.