In view of the few studies on the influence of Armillaria spp. infection on the content of the chemical components in different parts of Polyporus umbellatus sclerotia, this study determined the biomass of P. umbellatus sclerotia and the contents of ergosterol, polyporusterone A, polyporusterone B and polysaccharide in the separated cavity wall of the sclerotia and the uninfected part of the sclerotia in different harvesting years under the conditions of A. gallica and A. mellea infection respectively. According to the difference of content and dynamic changes of the polysaccharide and the steroid substances, the superior Armillaria sp. was screened to obtain the best harvest years of P. umbellatus. Using HPLC and UV-VIS spectrophotometry methods, the contents of ergosterol, polyporusterone A, polyporusterone B and polysaccharide in P. umbellatus sclerotia infected by the two Armillaria spp. in different years were determined. In addition, the differentially expressed genes related to P. umbellatus polysaccharide synthesis were screened according to the transcriptomic data of different parts of P. umbellatus after A. mellea infection. With the increase of years, the biomass of sclerotia infected by different Armillaria spp. had significant differences, and there were significant differences in the four components of sclerotia. The four components of the separated cavity wall of the sclerotia were significantly higher than those of the uninfected part. The best harvest time was the third year after cultivation. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the infection of Armillaria spp. could significantly promote polysaccharide synthesis, which provided a basis for polysaccharide content determination at the molecular level. The study clarified the influence of different Armillaria spp. infection on the accumulation of chemical components of P. umbellatus sclerotia, laying a foundation for exploring the symbiosis mechanism and provided a scientific clue for screening superior Armillaria sp. and guiding the artificial cultivation of P. umbellatus sclerotia.

Aim To investigate the effect of long non- coding RNA p21 (LncRNA p21) regulating Hippo- Yes-associated protein (Hippo-YAP) signaling pathway on the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in mice. Methods C57BL/6 ApoE

Objective To analyze the metabolomics characteristics of chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)patients with liver-stomach qi stagnation and spleen-stomach weakness syndromes based on non-targeted metabolomics technology,and to identify the serum differentiated metabolites related to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome of CAG patients,so as to provide a reference for the objectification of syndrome differentiation.Methods Sixty patients with CAG were included,including 30 cases of liver-stomach qi stagnation syndrome and 30 cases of spleen-stomach weakness syndrome.Fasting blood of 5 mL was collected from the cubital vein of patients in the two groups,and the serum levels of metabolites were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS)methods.The principal component analysis(PCA),orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA),and cluster analysis were used to screen the differentiated metabolites of CAG patients with liver-stomach qi stagnation syndrome and spleen-stomach weakness syndrome.Finally,metabolite pathway analysis was performed for the obtained differentiated metabolites using the KEGG database.Results The results for the screening of differentiated metabolites showed that significant differences of amino acid derivatives and small peptide metabolites were presented between CAG patients with liver-stomach qi stagnation syndrome and CAG patients with spleen-stomach weakness syndrome.The amino acid derivatives consisted of N-acetylglycine,histamine,O-phosphoserine,selenomethylselenocysteine,and methyl-tyrosine.And the small peptide metabolites consisted of tyrosine-leucine-phenylalanine,histidine-alanine-glutamate-lysine,L-asparagine-L-proline-L-serine,and L-isoleucine-L-isoleucine.Conclusion Differences in amino acid metabolism exist between CAG patients with liver-stomach qi stagnation syndrome and those with spleen-stomach weakness syndrome,and metabolites such as N-acetylglycine,intermethyltyrosine,and O-phosphoserine may be the potential biomarkers for distinguishing liver-stomach qi stagnation syndrome from spleen-stomach weakness syndrome in CAG patients.

AIM To investigate the effect of Wendan Decoction on nerve injury in a mouse model of sleep disorders and its mechanism.METHODS A mouse model of insomnia was established by the modified multiple platform sleep deprivation method.After successful modeling,the mice were randomly divided into the model group,the estazolam tablet group(0.15 mg/kg)and the low-dose and high-dose Wendan Decoction groups(12.5,50 g/kg),with 6 mice in each group,in contrast to the 6 mice of the control group.After 7 days of drug intervention,the mice had their changes of cerebral cortex,hippocampal CA1 area and hypothalamus observed by HE staining;their neuronal damage observed by Nissl staining;their levels of neurofilament light chain(NEFL),neuron-specific enolase(NSE),S100 calcium-binding protein B(S100B),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in brain tissue and serum detected by ELISA;their cerebral expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)detected by immunohistochemical method;and their cerebral expressions of GFAP,phosphorylated IκB kinase β(p-IKKβ)and phosphorylated nuclear transcription factor-κB(p-NF-κB)detected by Western blot.RESULTS Compared with the model group,the high-dose Wendan Decoction group displayed increased number of neurons,complete and neatly arranged structure;decreased number of neurons with nuclear shrinkage and deformation;increased Nissl bodies,decreased levels of NEFL,NSE,S100B,TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β in serum and brain tissue(P＜0.01);decreased cerebral expression of GFAP(P＜0.01);and decreased phosphorylation levels of cerebral p-IKKβ and p-NF-κB(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Wendan Decoction can reduce the nerve damage and the expression of proinflammatory mediator in sleep disorders mice,and the mechanism may be related to the inhibited activation of IKKβ/NF-κB pathway.

Damarane-type triterpene saponins are the main active ingredients in Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino. By using D101 macroporous adsorption resin and silica gel open-columns, C18 medium-pressure column chromatography, and preparative high performance liquid chromatography, we isolated four compounds from the leaves of G. pentaphyllum planted in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Their structures were determined by comprehensive analyses of MS, NMR data and circular dichroism spectroscopy and identified as (3β,12β)-dihydroxy-25-peroxyhydrohydrodammarane-20,23-diene-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (3β,12β,24S)-trihydroxydammarane-20,25-diene-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), (3β,20α)-dihydroxy-24-en-12β,22S-epoxydammarane-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), (3β,12β,20S)-trihydroxydammarane-24-en-3-O-[6-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (4). Compounds 1-4 are new dammarane-type triterpene saponins.

Objective: To investigate the effects of acupotomy on skeletal muscle fibrosis and collagen deposition in a rabbit knee osteoarthritis (KOA) model. Methods: Rabbits (n = 18) were randomly divided into control, KOA, and KOA + acupotomy (Apo) groups (n = 6). The rabbits in the KOA and Apo groups were modeled using the modified Videman's method for 6 weeks. After modeling, the Apo group was subjected to acupotomy once a week for 3 weeks on the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and anserine bursa tendons around the knee. The behavior of all animals was recorded, rectus femoris tissue was obtained, and histomorphological changes were observed using Masson staining and transmission electron microscopy. The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Smad 3, Smad 7, fibrillar collagen types I (Col-I) and III (Col-III) was detected using Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Histological analysis revealed that acupotomy improved the microstructure and reduced the collagen volume fraction of rectus femoris, compared with the KOA group (P = .034). Acupotomy inhibited abnormal collagen deposition by modulating the expression of fibrosis-related proteins and mRNA, thus preventing skeletal muscle fibrosis. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis revealed that in the Apo group, Col-I, and Col-III protein levels were significantly lower than those in the KOA group (both P < .01), same as Col-I and Col-III mRNA levels (P = .0031; P = .0046). Compared with the KOA group, the protein levels of TGF-β1 and Smad 3 were significantly reduced (both P < .01), as were the mRNA levels of TGF-β1 and Smad 3 (P = .0007; P = .0011). Conversely, the levels of protein and mRNA of Smad 7 were significantly higher than that in the KOA group (P < .01; P = .0271). Conclusion Acupotomy could alleviate skeletal muscle fibrosis and delay KOA progress by inhibiting collagen deposition through the TGF-β/Smad pathway in the skeletal muscle of KOA rabbits.

Objective To investigate the effect of Yaobitong Capsules combined with Fu's subcutaneous needling on lumbar range of motion and surface electromyography of trunk extensors in patients with lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Methods A total of 80 patients with LDH of blood stasis type were randomly divided into the study group and the control group,with 40 cases in each group.The control group was treated with Yaobitong Capsules orally,and the study group was given Fu's subcutaneous needling combined with Yaobitong Capsules orally.The course of treatment for the two groups covered 2 weeks.The changes of lumbar range of motion,pain visual analogue scale(VAS)score,improved Chinese Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)score,Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire(RMDQ)score and surface electromyography of trunk extensors in the two groups before and after treatment were observed.After treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated.Results(1)After 2 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate of the study group was 97.50%(39/40),and that of the control group was 80.00%(32/40).The intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed that the clinical efficacy of the study group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the range of motion of lumbar flexion,extension and rotation in the two groups was significantly improved compared with that before treatment(P＜0.05),and the improvement of lumbar range of motion in the study group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(3)After treatment,the lumbar function scores of ODI score and RMDQ score in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease of ODI score and RMDQ score in the study group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(4)The pain VAS scores of the study group after one week,2 weeks and one month of treatment and the pain VAS scores of the control group after 2 weeks and one month of treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease of pain VAS scores of the study group after one week,2 weeks and one month of treatment was significantly superior to that of the control group(P＜0.01).(5)After treatment,the parameters of surface electromyography of trunk extensors such as integrated electromyographic value(IEMG)and mean power frequency(MPF)in the two groups were obviously increased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the increase of MPF and IEMG in the study group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Yaobitong Capsules combined with Fu's subcutaneous needling can significantly enhance the curative effect of LDH patients,alleviate the lumbar range of motion,improve the surface electromyography of trunk extensors,and relieve muscle fatigue and pain symptoms.

Objective Based on the theory of five circuits and six qi,the characteristics of circuit-qi indicators of the date of birth of hospitalized patients with pneumonia of Shaoyin-disease syndrome were explored.Methods The data collection was conducted in 422 hospitalized patients with pneumonia of shaoyin-disease syndrome admitted to the Department of Classical Chinese Medicine,Fangcun Hospital of Guangdong Provincinal Hospital of Chinese Medicine from January 20,2012 to June 30,2022.And then statistical analysis was performed for circuit-qi indicators of the date of birth of the patients.Results The goodness of fit by chi-square test showed that there were statistically significant differences in the distribution of the heavenly-stem year,earthly-branch year,yearly circuit,recombinant yearly circuit,predominant qi,and sitian-zaiquan(circuit qi of the first and second half of a year)at birthdate of hospitalized patients with pneumonia of shaoyin-disease syndrome(P＜0.05 or P＜0.001).And the results indicated that a higher risk of suffering from pneumonia of shaoyin-disease syndrome existed in the population born in the heavenly-stem ji year and earthly-branch chou year,in the yearly circuit being deficient earth circuit,in the recombinant yearly circuit being wind,in the predominant qi being taiyin damp earth,and in the sitian-zaiquan being taiyin damp earth and taiyang cold-water.Conclusion There is a correlation between the incidence of pneumonia of shaoyin-disease syndrome and the circuit-qi indicators of the date of birth of the patients,and the pathogenesis of circuits and qi at birth date is probably related with yang deficiency of spleen and kidney,and cold interweaved with dampness.

Objective To investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of miR-34a/SIRT1 in intensive care unit acquired weakness(ICU-AW).Methods(1)C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells were induced to differentiate into myotubes,and were divided into two groups:model group[ICU-AW group,treated with lipopolysaccharides(LPS)for 12 hours]and normal control group(treated with the same amount of sterile water for 12 hours).Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression level of Muscle ring finger 1(MuRF-1),atrophy gene 1(Atrogin-1)and Sirtuin-1(SIRT1).RT-qPCR was used to assess the mRNA expression level of microRNA-34a(miR-34a),MuRF-1,Atrogin-1 and SIRT1,and light microscope was used to observe the growth and differentiation of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells in each group.(2)ICU-AW cells were further subdivided into control group(treated with siRNA transfection agent intervention),Scra siRNA group(treated with transfection agent and non-specific siRNA),miR-34a siRNA group(treated with transfection agent and specific siRNA intervention),vehicle group(treated with agonist solvent dimethyl sulfoxide)and SRT1720 group(treated with SIRT1 agonist SRT1720).Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression level of SIRT1,Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in each group.RT-qPCR was used to detect the miR-34a and the mRNA expression level of SIRT1,Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in each group.(3)In addition,another group of ICU-AW cells were divided into control group(treated with siRNA transfection),miR-34a siRNA group(treated with transfection agent and specific siRNA intervention),miR-34a siRNA+vehicle group(treated with transfection agent,specific siRNA and Dimethyl sulfoxide intervention)and miR-34a siRNA+EX-527 group(treated with transfection agent,specific siRNA and SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527).Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression level of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1.RT-qPCR was used to assess the mRNA expression level of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1.Results Myotube differentiation was observed on the 4th day.Compared with control group,myotube atrophy was obvious in ICU-AW group.RT-qPCR and Western blotting results revealed that,compared with normal control group,in ICU-AW group,the mRNA and protein expression levels of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the expression level of miR-34a significantly increased(P＜0.05),while the mRNA and protein expression levels of SIRT1 significantly decreased(P＜0.05).RT-qPCR results showed that,compared with control group(treated with siRNA transfection agent intervention)and Scra siRNA group,the expression of miR-34a and mRNA expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in miR-34a siRNA group significantly decreased(P＜0.05),while the mRNA expression of SIRT1 significantly increased(P＜0.05),meanwhile the protein expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 decreased significantly(P＜0.01),and the protein expression of SIRT1 significantly increased(P＜0.05).RT-qPCR results also showed that,compared with vehicle group,the mRNA expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in SRT1720 group decreased significantly(P＜0.05),while SIRT1 increased significantly(P＜0.05).Western blotting results demonstrated that,compared with control group and Scra siRNA group,the protein expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in miR-34a siRNA group decreased significantly(P＜0.05),while SIRT1 increased significantly(P＜0.05).RT-qPCR and Western blotting results indicated that,compared with miR-34a siRNA+vehicle group,the mRNA and protein expression of Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in miR-34a siRNA+EX-527 group increased significantly(P＜0.05).Conclusion Overactivation of miR-34a in ICU-AW contributes to skeletal muscle atrophy by inhibiting the expression of SIRT1,which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ICU-AW.

Objective To measure the distance between the lateral compression Ⅱ(LC-Ⅱ)screw guide needle and the surrounding important structures around the anterior inferior iliac spine in pelvic fractures and to locate the needle point,so as to provide anatomical reference for clinical nail placement.Methods Totally 40 adult gross specimens of embalming were implanted with LC-Ⅱ screw guide needle under the surveillance of C-arm machine,and the specimens were dissected.The shortest distance between the insertion point and the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve,femoral nerve,femoral artery,femoral vein,anterior superior iliac spine and inguinal ligament was measured.The triangle was constructed between the insertion point,anterior superior iliac spine and inguinal ligament,and the exact location of the entry point was calculated.Results The average distance between the insertion point of the male needle and the femoral vein was(50.67±7.29)mm＞the anterior superior iliac spine(43.83±7.58)mm＞the femoral artery(38.35±6.63)mm＞the femoral nerve(31.17±1.67)mm=the inguinal ligament(28.69±6.59)mm＞the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve(7.98±3.81)mm.The mean distance between the insertion point of the female needle and the anterior superior iliac spine was(45.28±7.07)mm=femoral vein(43.72±6.89)mm＞femoral artery(33.76±6.33)mm＞femoral nerve(25.66±6.46)mm=inguinal ligament(23.22±5.00)mm＞lateral femoral cutaneous nerve(8.97±4.76)mm.The projection distance of the entry point was 31.77 mm for men and 38.41 mm for women.The Angle b was 42.81°for men and 31.71° for women.Conclusion The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is most vulnerable to injury when LC-Ⅱ screw is inserted,and the risk of injury has nothing to do with sex.The insertion point positioning method a and b made LC-Ⅱ screw placement quickly,safely and accurately,and reduced fluoroscopy time and frequency.