With the rapid development of social economy and the continuous improvement of human living standard, the incidence, fatality and recurrence rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are increasing year by year, which seriously affects people's life and health. Conventional therapeutic drugs have limited improvement on the disability rate, so the search for new therapeutic drugs and action targets has become one of the hotspots of current research. In recent years, the therapeutic role of the natural compound rosmarinic acid (RA) in CVD has attracted much attention, which is capable of preventing CVD by modulating multiple signalling pathways and exerting physiological activities such as antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation, as well as anti-coagulation and endothelial function protection. In this paper, the role of RA in the prevention of CVD is systematically sorted out, and its mechanism of action is summarised and analysed, with a view to providing a scientific basis and important support for the in-depth exploration of the prevention value of RA in CVD and its further development as a prevention drug.

Objective To investigatethe relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms and clinicopathological characteristics, p53 expression, and survival of Chinese patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Methods A total of 3882 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma, 970 matched patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and 970 matched patients with gastric cardia adenocarcinoma were included to compare the incidence of GERD symptoms. Patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma were divided into two groups according to the presence and absence of GERD symptoms. The differences in clinicopathological characteristics and p53 expression between the two groups were compared by chi-square test, and the differences in survival between the two groups were compared by landmark analysis. Results The incidence of GERD symptoms increased successively in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal adenocarcinoma, and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. In patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma, the proportions of male, less than 65 years old, lower thoracic tumors, tumors without squamous cell carcinoma, poorly differentiation, early tumors (stage 0-I), and p53-positive tumors in the group with GERD symptoms were higher than those in the group without GERD symptoms; moreover, the long-term survival (≥15 years) was better. Conclusion GERD symptom is an important clinical sign of esophageal adenocarcinoma. It is closely related to specific clinicopathological characteristics, p53 overexpression, and good long-term prognosis.

To analyze the in vitro antibacterial effects of colistin (COL) or tigecycline (TGC) in combination with imipenem (IPM), amikacin (AMK), and cefoperazone-sulbactam (CSL) against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB), so as to provide evidence for screening effective combination regimens for clinical microbial infections.

Objective:To describe demographic,clinical and physiological characteristics,treatment between first-episode major depressive disorder(MDD)and relapse MDD,and to explore characteristics of relapse MDD.Methods:Totally 858 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for depression of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition(DSM-5),were included by using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview(MINI),Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity,and Hamilton Depression Scale etc.Among them,529(58.6％)were first-episode depression and 329(36.0％)were relapsed.The differences of demographic characteristics,clinical and physiological characteristics,treatment were compared byx2test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test.Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the characteristics of MDD recur-rence.Results:Compared to first-episode MDD,relapse MDD had more comorbidity(OR=2.11,95％CI:1.00-4.44),more days out of role(OR=1.26,95％CI:1.01-1.56),more history of using psychiatric drug more than one month(OR=1.41,95％CI:1.02-1.97)and electroconvulsive therapy(OR=3.23,95％CI:1.42-7.36),and higher waist-hip ratio(OR=33.88,95％CI:2.88-399.32).Conclusion:Relapse MDD has positive as-sociation with comorbidity of mental disorders,out of role,and higher waist-hip ratio.

Objective:To report the results of national surveillance on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical Gram-negative bacteria isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2022.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria from blood cultures in member hospitals of national bloodstream infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）were collected during January 2022 to December 2022. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software were used to analyze the data.Results:During the study period，9 035 strains of Gram-negative bacteria were collected from 51 hospitals，of which 7 895（87.4%）were Enterobacteriaceae and 1 140（12.6%）were non-fermenting bacteria. The top 5 bacterial species were Escherichia coli（ n=4 510，49.9%）， Klebsiella pneumoniae（ n=2 340，25.9%）， Pseudomonas aeruginosa（ n=534，5.9%）， Acinetobacter baumannii complex（ n=405，4.5%）and Enterobacter cloacae（ n=327，3.6%）. The ESBLs-producing rates in Escherichia coli， Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus spp. were 47.1%（2 095/4 452），21.0%（427/2 033）and 41.1%（58/141），respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli（CREC）and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae（CRKP）were 1.3%（58/4 510）and 13.1%（307/2 340）；62.1%（36/58）and 9.8%（30/307）of CREC and CRKP were resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam combination，respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii（CRAB）complex was 59.5%（241/405），while less than 5% of Acinetobacter baumannii complex was resistant to tigecycline and polymyxin B. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa（CRPA）was 18.4%（98/534）. There were differences in the composition ratio of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections and the prevalence of main Gram-negative bacteria resistance among different regions，with statistically significant differences in the prevalence of CRKP and CRPA（ χ2=20.489 and 20.252， P<0.001）. The prevalence of CREC，CRKP，CRPA，CRAB，ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were higher in provinicial hospitals than those in municipal hospitals（ χ2=11.953，81.183，10.404，5.915，12.415 and 6.459， P<0.01 or <0.05），while the prevalence of CRPA was higher in economically developed regions（per capita GDP ≥ 92 059 Yuan）than that in economically less-developed regions（per capita GDP <92 059 Yuan）（ χ2=6.240， P=0.012）. Conclusions:The proportion of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections shows an increasing trend，and Escherichia coli is ranked in the top，while the trend of CRKP decreases continuously with time. Decreasing trends are noted in ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Low prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli and high prevalence in CRAB complex have been observed. The composition ratio and antibacterial spectrum of bloodstream infections in different regions of China are slightly different，and the proportion of main drug resistant bacteria in provincial hospitals is higher than those in municipal hospitals.

BACKGROUND:Anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture at tibial insertion is a special type of intra-articular fracture,which is mostly seen in sports injuries.At present,there are relatively few anatomical studies on this disease,but a large number of studies focus on the injury of the anterior cruciate ligament.It is generally believed that the increase in the posterior slope of the tibial plateau,the decrease of the depth of the medial tibial plateau,and the decrease in the width index of the femoral intercondylar notch are the risk factors for the injury of the anterior cruciate ligament.It is unclear whether avulsion fractures of the anterior cruciate ligament at the tibial insertion point are also related to it. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the correlation between the avulsion fracture of the anterior cruciate ligament at the tibial insertion and the posterior tibial slope,the medial tibial depth,the notch width index of the femoral intercondylar fossa,and the coronal slope angle of the tibial plateau. METHODS:A retrospective analysis was made on 101 patients who were admitted to the Department of Orthopedics of Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University due to anterior knee pain from January 2019 to December 2022.Totally 51 patients with tibial insertion avulsion fracture of anterior cruciate ligament who received arthroscopy treatment were taken as the observation group,and 50 patients with anterior knee pain but no knee joint injury confirmed by physical examination and imaging examination were taken as the control group in the same period.The posterior tibial slope,anatomical parameters such as the medial tibial depth,and the notch width index of the femoral intercondylar fossa,were statistically analyzed for the anatomical risk factors leading to the tibial insertion avulsion fracture of the anterior cruciate ligament. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There was no significant difference between the two groups in the comparison of the lateral posterior tibial slope,the posterior slope ratio of the lateral/medial tibial plateau,the notch width index of the femoral intercondylar fossa,and the coronary slope angle of the tibial plateau(P>0.05).The medial posterior tibial slope in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The medial tibial depth in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).(2)Multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that the medial posterior tibial slope and the medial tibial depth were independent risk factors for tibial insertion avulsion fracture of anterior cruciate ligament(P<0.05).(3)The receiver operating characteristic curve shows that the medial posterior tibial slope and the medial tibial depth had certain predictive values for the tibial insertion avulsion fracture of the anterior cruciate ligament.(4)It is indicated that the increased medial posterior tibial slope and the shallower medial tibial depth are the anatomical risk factors for the avulsion fracture of the tibial insertion of the anterior cruciate ligament.

Tumor bioinformatics plays an important role in cancer research and precision medicine. The primary focus of traditional cancer research has been molecular and clinical studies of a number of fundamental pathways and genes. In recent years, driven by breakthroughs in high-throughput technologies, large-scale cancer omics data have accumulated rapidly. How to effectively utilize and share these data is particularly important. To address this crucial task, many computational tools and databases have been developed over the past few years. To help researchers quickly learn and understand the functions of these tools, in this review, we summarize publicly available bioinformatics tools and resources for pan-cancer multi-omics analysis, regulatory analysis of tumorigenesis, tumor treatment and prognosis, immune infiltration analysis, immune repertoire analysis, cancer driver gene and driver mutation analysis, and cancer single-cell analysis, which may further help researchers find more suitable tools for their research.

Endodontic diseases are a kind of chronic infectious oral disease.Common endodontic treatment concepts are based on the removal of inflamed or necrotic pulp tissue and the replacement by gutta-percha.However,it is very essential for endodontic treatment to debride the root canal system and prevent the root canal system from bacterial reinfection after root canal therapy(RCT).Recent research,encompassing bacterial etiology and advanced imaging techniques,contributes to our understanding of the root canal system's anatomy intricacies and the technique sensitivity of RCT.Success in RCT hinges on factors like patients,infection severity,root canal anatomy,and treatment techniques.Therefore,improving disease management is a key issue to combat endodontic diseases and cure periapical lesions.The clinical difficulty assessment system of RCT is established based on patient conditions,tooth conditions,root canal configuration,and root canal needing retreatment,and emphasizes pre-treatment risk assessment for optimal outcomes.The findings suggest that the presence of risk factors may correlate with the challenge of achieving the high standard required for RCT.These insights contribute not only to improve education but also aid practitioners in treatment planning and referral decision-making within the field of endodontics.

Malocclusion,identified by the World Health Organization(WHO)as one of three major oral diseases,profoundly impacts the dental-maxillofacial functions,facial esthetics,and long-term development of～260 million children in China.Beyond its physical manifestations,malocclusion also significantly influences the psycho-social well-being of these children.Timely intervention in malocclusion can foster an environment conducive to dental-maxillofacial development and substantially decrease the incidence of malocclusion or reduce the severity and complexity of malocclusion in the permanent dentition,by mitigating the negative impact of abnormal environmental influences on the growth.Early orthodontic treatment encompasses accurate identification and treatment of dental and maxillofacial morphological and functional abnormalities during various stages of dental-maxillofacial development,ranging from fetal stages to the early permanent dentition phase.From an economic and societal standpoint,the urgency for effective early orthodontic treatments for malocclusions in childhood cannot be overstated,underlining its profound practical and social importance.This consensus paper discusses the characteristics and the detrimental effects of malocclusion in children,emphasizing critical need for early treatment.It elaborates on corresponding core principles and fundamental approaches in early orthodontics,proposing comprehensive guidance for preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatment,serving as a reference for clinicians engaged in early orthodontic treatment.

Objective To analyze the correlation between the comorbidity of chronic diseases and concurrent traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutions in the elderly in Guangzhou.Methods From the physical examination data of 3 communities in Guangzhou,3 078 elderly people were selected as the survey objects,and association analysis was performed for mining the association rules between the chronic disease comorbidity and concurrent TCM constitution types of the elderly with different demographic characteristics.Results The comorbidity rate of chronic diseases in the elderly of Guangzhou area was 76.54％(2 356/3 078).In the elderly population of Guangzhou area,the correlation of chronic disease comorbidity with the concurrent constitution of tendentious blood stasis constitution and phlegm-damp constitution had the highest confidence,which was 95.87％.The correlation of chronic disease comorbidity with the gender showed that the concurrent constitution was similar in the elderly with different genders.The correlation of chronic disease comorbidity with the concurrent constitution of phlegm-damp constitution and tendentious yin deficiency constitution in the male elderly had the confidence of 94.38％,and the correlation of chronic disease comorbidity with the concurrent constitution of phlegm-damp constitution and tendentious blood stasis constitution in the female elderly had the confidence of 97.46％.With the increase of the age,the biased constitution of the elderly with chronic diseases gradually developed into the concurrent constitution of phlegm blended with blood stasis,and the concurrent constitution of qi deficiency constitution and yang deficiency constitution became the predominated.Conclusion The comorbidity rate of chronic diseases in the elderly is high.The association patterns of the comorbidity of chronic diseases with concurrent constitution types vary in different age groups.Medical institutions can condition the concurrent constitution with Chinese medicine therapy according to the characteristics of the concurrent constitutions of the elderly,and then can improve the comorbidity of chronic diseases in the elderly.