ObjectiveTo conduct a bibliometric visual analysis of studies on Enterococcus faecium， Staphylococcus aureus， Klebsiella pneumoniae， Acinetobacter baumannii， Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species （ESKAPE） in the past 10 years at home and abroad， and to analyze current research status and future research directions in this field based on the concept of “One health”. MethodsRelated literature on ESKAPE drug resistant bacteria from 2013 to 2022 was searched on CNKI and WoS， respectively. Furthermore， a metrological visualization analysis of authors， source of agencies， countries， and keywords was conducted by the CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software. ResultsA total of 2 991 pieces of Chinese-language and 24 497 pieces of English-language literature were included in this study. Although the number and growth rate of English-language publications were higher than those of Chinese-language publications， the number of English-language papers authored by Chinese scholars showed a significant upward trend. The level of collaboration between authors and institutions in Chinese-language publications was weaker than that in English-language publications. Overall， the country with the highest number of publications was the United States （6 623）， followed by China （3 776）. However， China’s annual publication volume （851） exceeded that of the United States （600） in 2022. China had collaborations with 25 countries， indicating good global cooperation， but its level of international cooperation was still slightly weaker than that of the United States. High-frequency keywords in Chinese-language literature mainly included drug resistance， nosocomial infection， and antibiotics， while high-frequency keywords in English-language literature included Staphylococcus aureus， Klebsiella pneumoniae， and methicillin-resistant. ConclusionCarbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae， carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae， and "One health" are research hotspots. In the future， cross-sectoral and multi-regional collaboration should be deepened to strengthen the control of infections of important drug-resistant bacteria， and infection treatment strategies should be optimized as well.

Objective:To study the changes in serum small molecule metabolites after brucella infection in humans using untargeted metabolomics methods, and screening representative biomarkers. Methods:A total of 109 serum samples collected from January 2019 to December 2021 at the Brucellosis Clinic of the Baotou Center for Disease Control and Prevention were divided into acute phase group ( n = 40), chronic phase group ( n = 35) of brucellosis, and healthy group ( n = 34) based on clinical diagnosis. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry technology was used to test serum samples and screen for differential metabolites. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the predictive ability of differential metabolites for brucellosis. Enriched pathways were screened using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway to identify metabolic pathways significantly affected. Results:A total of 17 differential metabolites were screened between the acute phase group and the healthy group, and 12 differential metabolites were screened between the chronic phase group and the healthy group. There were a total of 5 differential metabolites (oleamide, linoleamide, stearamide, palmitoleic acid, α-linolenic acid) statistically significant among the three groups ( F = 16.84, 17.52, 14.31, 13.01, 20.76, P < 0.05). KEGG pathway analysis showed that the differential metabolites in the acute phase group were enriched in metabolic pathways such as ether lipid metabolism, glycerophosphate metabolism, sphingolipid signal and sphingolipid metabolism. The differential metabolites in the chronic phase group were enriched in metabolic pathways such as glycerophosphate metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, protein digestion and absorption metabolism. Conclusion:Untargeted metabolomics methods can screen out serum small molecule metabolites that undergo changes after brucella infection in the human body, including oleamide, linoleamide, stearamide, palmitoleic acid, α-linolenic acid can serve as potential biomarkers to distinguish brucellosis patients from healthy people.

Objective:To analyze the viral genome sequence of novel coronavirus infected persons in Baotou City, understand the mutation characteristics of novel coronavirus genome in the process of transmission among cases, and explore the transmission rule of novel coronavirus in the clustered populations.Methods:Nine throat swabs samples (No. 1 - 7, No. 9, and No. 10), two sputum samples (No. 8, No. 11, and No. 11 sample was from No. 10 case), and one surface smear sample (No.12, and No. 12 sample was from No. 10 case) were collected from 10 confirmed cases of novel coronavirus infection in Baotou City from January 25 to February 21, 2020. Samples 1 and 3 were from single cases, and the rest were from clustered cases. The virus genome was sequenced by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation sites were screened by comparing with NC_045512, a reference strain of novel coronavirus. Combined with relevant epidemiological information, gene mutation, virus typing, and evolutionary traceability analysis were carried out.Results:The results of viral genome mNGS showed that 76 SNP mutation sites were detected in 12 samples compared with the reference strain NC_045512, including 3 (3.95%) transitions and 73 (96.05%) reversals. There were 19 (25.00%) synonymous mutations and 57 (75.00%) non-synonymous mutations. The analysis of nucleotide and amino acid variation sites showed that mutations were found at five sites (T2821C, C6548T, T16464C, G16858A and T251C) in all the clustered cases (cases 2, 4 - 10). In the single cases, sample 1 had mutations at C9245T and A15340T, and sample 3 had mutation at C13T. The virus typing analysis showed that the samples 1 and 3 belonged to the L type of novel coronavirus, while the rest belonged to the S type of novel coronavirus. The results of genomic evolutionary relationship analysis showed that all the samples could be divided into two branches. The branches of sample 1 and 3 belonged to single cases, and the rest belonged to family clustered cases.Conclusion:The genomic characteristics of the clustered cases of novel coronavirus infection in Baotou City are basically consistent with the epidemiological investigation results, and the transmission of the virus is mainly related to close contact and family gathering.

This paper has summarized the practical results of the mixed teaching model of Medical Microbiology in Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The model sets learning objectives under the concept of outcome-based education (OBE), and designs the curriculum under the guidance of objectives. In the reform practice of 120 students, the courses were implemented by using high-quality online resources to design four teaching links of "offline preview-online learning-offline participation-learning expansion" from three aspects of "pre-class-in-class-after-class", and the learning objectives were assessed by the teaching evaluation. Results showed that, compared with the traditional class, the performance of the students from reform class were significantly improved, the scores of more difficult questions were significantly higher than those of the traditional class, and the teaching quality was significantly improved. The mixed teaching model of Medical Microbiology has exploratory significance for solving the current situation of insufficient student participation and low learning efficiency in medical basic courses.

Accurate and rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases can effectively prevent their spread and promptly curb the epidemic hazards. Multiplexed point-of-care testing (x-POCT) technology can effectively avoid misdiagnosis caused by the detection of one single target and achieve rapid screening and timely control of multiple infectious diseases. Research progress and the latest applications of x-POCT including x-POCT assay methods for different targets in the diagnosis of infectious diseases and their pathogens are summarized in this review. The paper-based, microfluidic chip-based, and microdroplet-based device platforms of x-POCT, and eventually the challenges and future perspectives of x-POCT, especially progress on the effective infectious disease surveillance network establishment under One Health concept are highlighted.

Objective:To learn about the status quo and hotspots in the field of health policy research under the concept of One Health.Methods:The Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database from 2001 to 2020 were searched for publications in the field of health policy research under the concept of One Health. A total of 3 515 publications in English and 42 in Chinese were included, CiteSpace 5.6.R3 software was used to analyze the number of publications, countries, institutions, authors, and keywords, and to draw visual maps.Results:The number of publications in WoS database was 52 in 2001 and 500 in 2020, with an overall upward trend in the number of publications; the first relevant publication in CNKI database was published in 2009, and the number of publications increased to 13 by 2020, but the total number was still low (42). Among the countries, the USA had the highest number of publications (1 385), total citations (48 780) and highly cited (≥10 citations) publications (671). Switzerland had the highest citations per publication (89.72). China ranked 5th in the number of publications (160) and 8th in total citations (4 643) and citations per publication (29.02), with fewer highly cited publications (82). The English author partnership had a large collaborative team led by Chris Degeling at the University of Sydney; the Chinese author partnership had a large research team led by Lu Jiahai at the School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University. In terms of country cooperation, French node had the largest centrality (0.30), the centrality of Chinese nodes was 0.01. Emerging infectious diseases, zoonose, and antibiotic resistance were high-frequency keywords in the English publications, while COVID-19, zoonose, antibiotic resistance, and food safety were high-frequency keywords in the Chinese publications.Conclusions:From 2001 to 2020, the overall trend of the number of publications in health policy research under the concept of One Health worldwide is on the rise. Emerging infectious diseases, zoonose, antibiotic resistance, and food safety are the current research hotspots in this field.

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disease. The diagnosis of schizophrenia so far relies heavily on subjective evidence, including self-reported experiences by patients, manifestations described by relatives, and abnormal behaviors assessed by psychiatrists. The diagnosis, monitoring of the disease progression and therapy efficacy assessment are challenging due to the lack of established laboratory biomarkers. Based on the current literature, clinical consensus, guidelines, and expert recommendations, this review highlighted evidence-based potential laboratory biomarkers for the diagnosis of schizophrenia, including genetic biomarkers, neurotransmitters, neurodevelopmental-related proteins, and intestinal flora, and discussed the potential future directions for the application of these biomarkers in this field, aiming to provide an objective basis for the use of these biomarkers in the early and accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis and rehabilitation assessment of schizophrenia.

This study aims to provide a brief overview of the history and development of global health education (GHE) as academic degree programs worldwide,and to identify GHE's development opportunities and obstacles in China.This is a state-of-the-art review of published and unpublished information that described and evaluated disci-plinary development of global health degree programs worldwide,written in English,and published or shared be-tween 1990 and 2020.Data were derived from official websites of leading global health institutions,like "Google Scholar","PubMed",and unpublished information such as presentation files and unpublished manuscripts col-lected from knowledgeable leaders in the field.We retrieved and reviewed a total of 35 articles and a large amount of unpublished information or sources on the internet.Global Health emerged as a new discipline around the end of the last millennium and proliferated in the last two decades in developed nations,especially the United States and the United Kingdom.The development of China's GHE programs was built on China's increasing engagement in global health affairs and research.In 2012,Wuhan University established the first official global health de-partment in China.Several universities such as Peking University and Duke Kunshan University subsequently set up departments or programs to offer undergraduate and postgraduate majors and degrees.The first school-level global health unit was established in Shanghai in 2019.The Consortium of Chinese Universities for Global Health(CCUGH) grew from 10 founding members in 2013 to 25 in 2020.Major desirable attributes "unique" to stu-dents majoring in global health include global-mindedness,health interests,compassion,intercultural sensitivity,and adventurous spirit.Graduates from GHE programs have a diverse set of career choices spanning research,government,not-for-profit,and private sector occupations.We identified a number of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats to the future development of GHE in China.To ensure sustainable future growth,we advocate addressing the following key aspects:(1) clearer disciplinary distinctions;(2) multidisciplinary col-laborations;(3) public-sector investments;and (4) non-public sectors participation.Amidst China's increasing engagement in health affairs globally and the proliferation of GHE programs in developed nations,China has experienced fast growth in GHE degree programs since 2012 while a number of challenges remain for its future development.

Shanghai Jiao Tong University established the first biomedical science in China in 2016. Learning the successful experience from international universities can promote the development of this major. According to the comparison of cultivation program and curriculum system in different top universities at home and abroad, it was showed that Oxford University focused on the pluralism development of students, University of Technology Sydney paid attention to the combination of basis and clinical practice, and the University of Hong Kong stressed the integration of clinical practice, science and research, and transformation. Through the exploration of the details of educational system this university, we found that we mainly focused on five innovation ideas: building the basic knowledge, strengthening comprehensive basic knowledge teaching, stimulating students' interests towards biomedical science, developing their ability and promoting innovative education and training. Based on analysis of those cases, it is showed that the development of biomedical science in China should solve problems in curriculum integration and practical education of science and research, so as to achieve the goal to cultivate more talents in this major and boost the development and advances in the field of biomedical science.

Chongqing Medical University established respiratory system course group and implemented "organ-systems-based curriculum" (OSBC) integration teaching reform.OSBC teaching of respiratory system broke the traditional disciplinary-centred teaching pattern,adopted the disease-centred and clinicaloriented teaching curriculum.The course group carried on the comprehensive reorganization to the curriculum contents and the teaching personnel,compiled integrated teaching materials,optimized teaching methods and evaluation system.OSBC teaching of respiratory system has so far made some achievements,but the integration of different disciplines,the teaching ability of teachers and the students' coordination with OSBC courses still need to be further improved.