OBJECTIVE To identify the chemical constituents of Rhamni Songoricae Fructus and to establish their fingerprints and the method for simultaneous determination of four constituents to comprehensively evaluate the quality of Rhamni Songoricae Fructus. METHODS The chemical constituents in Rhamni Songoricae Fructus were qualitatively analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. The fingerprints of 15 batches of Rhamni Songoricae Fructus were established by HPLC and chemometric analysis was performed by using SPSS 26.0 and SIMCA 14.1 software； the contents of quercetin， kaempferol， kaempferide and emodin were determined by the same method. RESULTS A total of 35 constituents were identified， including 28 kinds of flavonoids， 5 kinds of anthraquinones and 2 kinds of organic acids. A total of 19 common peaks were identified in the HPLC fingerprints， recognizing quercetin， kaempferol， kaempferide and emodin. The similarities between HPLC fingerprints of 15 batches of samples and control chromatograms were greater than 0.9. The results of cluster analysis showed that 15 batches of samples were divided into 2 classes， of which S1-S5， S7 and S9 were one class and the rest were one class， similar to the results of principal component analysis. The results of the orthogonal partial least squares- discriminant analysis showed that the variable importance projections of peaks No. 2， 6， 1， 11 （quercetin）， 3， 14， 8， 10， 19 （emodin）， 5 were all greater than 1. The contents of quercetin， kaempferol， kaempferide and emodin ranged from 0.710 to 10.478 mg/g， 0.236 to 0.660 mg/g， 0.334 to 3.039 mg/g， and 0.261 to 0.504 mg/g. CONCLUSIONS The constructed chemical constituent identification， fingerprint and content determination methods are simple， feasible and reproducible， which combined with chemometric analysis can be used for comprehensive evaluation of the quality of Rhamni Songoricae Fructus.

Objective To conduct a visual analysis of the current status, hotspots, and frontiers of research on renal cell carcinoma targeted therapy using VOSviewer software. Methods Literature related to renal cell carcinoma targeted therapy published between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2023, from the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection database were retrieved. Eligible articles were screened and subjected to bibliometric and visual analysis using VOSviewer software. Results A total of 1, 009 articles were selected, with an overall increasing trend in annual publication volume. The top three countries in terms of publication output were the United States, China, and Italy, while the top three institutions were Harvard University, The University of Texas, and France Uni-cancer Institute. The analysis of the core author collaboration network revealed close collaboration among researchers in the United States and the United Kingdom, whereas collaboration between China and foreign countries was limited, resulting in a relatively loose collaboration network. Through co-occurrence clustering analysis of high-frequency author keywords, nine clusters were generated, with hotspots focusing on targeted and immune combination therapy, efficacy, prognosis, drug resistance, targets, and biomarkers. Conclusion Remarkable progress has been made in renal cell carcinoma targeted therapy research over the past decade; however, drug resistance and adverse reactions to targeted therapies remain challenges in clinical treatment. Research related to targeted drug resistance mechanisms, novel targeted drugs, and effective predictive biomarkers has significantly increased. Grasping the developmental trends in this fieldis crucial, and VOSviewer's visual analysis can offer an intuitive representation of the current status, hotspots, and frontiers, thereby providing researchers with a valuable reference.

OBJECTIVE To establish the fing erprint of Temurin- 5 powder，conduct chemical pattern recognition analysis ，and determine the contents of 4 components simultaneously. METHODS The fingerprints of 10 batches of Temurin- 5 powder were established and similarity evaluation was performed by using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）combined with the Similarity Evaluation System of Chromatographic Fingerprints of Traditional Chinese Medicine （2012 edition）；common peaks were identified by comparing with mixed substance control. The common peaks were analyzed by systematic cluster analysis and principal component analysis with SPSS 26.0 software. The HPLC method was used to determine the contents of gallic acid ， geniposide，chlorogenic acid and ellagic acid in 10 batches of samples. RESULTS A total of 15 common peaks were identified from the fingerprints of 10 batches of Temurin-5 powder，and the similarity was 0.997-0.999. It was identified that peak 1 was gallic acid ，peak 3 was geniposide ，peak 5 was chlorogenic acid and peak 12 was ellagic acid. Among the 10 batches of samples ， S4 and S 9 were grouped into one category ，S6-S8 were grouped into one category ，and the other batches of samples were grouped into one category. The accumulative variance contribution rate of first three principal components was 89.245％. The linear ranges of gallic acid ，geniposide，chlorogenic acid and ellagic acid were 5.55-177.5，15.98-511.5，2.56-82.0 and 13.48-431.5 μg/mL， respectively. RSDs of precision ，stability（24 h）and repeatability tests were all less than 2％（n＝6 or n＝7）. The average recoveries were 101.56％，102.21％，98.60％ and 96.62％，respectively，RSDs were 1.90％，1.61％，1.58％ and 1.73％（n＝6）. Average contents of above components were 5.03-5.64，10.38-12.16，1.40-1.69，6.47-7.11 mg/g，respectively. CONCLUSIONS The established fingerprint is stable and feasible ，and the content determination method meets the relevant regulations. Combined with chemical pattern recognition analysis ，it can be used for the quality control of Temurin- 5 powder.

Objective:To explore the impact of King's theory of goal attainment combined with goal setting on the effect of standardized training of general practitioners.Methods:A total of 39 general practitioners who underwent the standardized training in The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2019 to January 2020 were classified as control group, and traditional teaching was adopted. Another 42 general practitioners who underwent the training in The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University during the same period were classified as a research group, and the teaching based on King's theory of goal attainment combined with goal setting was adopted. The theoretical knowledge and operational skills scores, changes in clinical comprehensive ability before and after the training, and teaching recognition were compared between the two groups. SPSS 25.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:After the training, the scores of theoretical knowledge and operation skills of the research group were both higher than those of the control group [(92.83±5.62) vs. (85.47±12.11); (90.15±7.22) vs.(83.36±11.24)]. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the scores of inquiry and communication ability, problem-solving ability, general medical thinking ability, interpretation ability of auxiliary examination results, clinical analysis and decision-making ability, team cooperation ability, community common disease diagnosis and treatment ability and humanistic care ability before the training ( P>0.05); the above scores were all improved after the training ( P<0.05), and the above scores of the research group were significantly higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05). The total recognition of teaching in the research group was 95.24%(40/42), which was significantly higher than that 76.92%(30/39) in the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of King's theory of goal attainment combined with goal setting in standardized training of general practitioners can effectively improve the level of general practitioners' theoretical knowledge, operational skills, clinical comprehensive ability and recognition of teaching.

Objective:To identify the risk factors of catheter-related bloodstream infection in hemodialysis patients using Meta-analysis.Methods:We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CBM, CNKI and Wangfang Data to collect literature about risk factors of catheter-related bloodstream infection in hemodialysis patients. Data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3 after literature screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal according to criteria by two researchers independently.Results:Ten literatures were recruited,including 3 143 cases and 7 risk factors.According to Meta analysis, catheter indwelling time ( OR value was 2.59, 95% CI 1.18-5.68), times of intubation ( OR value was 10.02, 95% CI 5.93-16.92), femoral vein catheterization ( OR value was 1.73, 95% CI 1.32-2.25), age ( OR value was 1.94, 95% CI 1.50-2.51), diabetes mellitus ( OR value was 2.58, 95% CI 2.03-3.29) and hemoglobin level ( OR value was 1.61, 95% CI 1.18-2.18), were significantly different in each group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The main of risk factors for catheter-related bloodstream infection in hemodialysis patients are catheter indwelling time, times of intubation, femoral vein catheterization, age, diabetes mellitus and hemoglobin level. However, the relationship between catheter-related bloodstream infection and albumin level needs to be confirmed by more studies.

Objective:To develop a questionnaire for compliance with the management standard of nosocomial infection control in hemodialysis rooms (centers), and to evaluate the reliability and validity.Methods:Based on the Knowledge, Attitude/Belief, Practice (KAP) survey model, the initial questionnaire was formed by using literature review, the brainstorming and expert consultation. And the final questionnaire was developed by preliminary investigation and the formal investigation, and the reliability and validity test was carried out.Results:The questionnaire consisted of 3 subscales of knowledge, attitude and practice, totaling 40 items. The S-CVI was 0.953, 0.979, 0.943 respectively and that of each item was above 0.867. In the exploratory factor analysis, 3, 1 and 3 common factors were extracted and the cumulative contribution rate was 47.178%, 68.313% and 62.271% respectively. The Cronbach α coefficient was 0.906 for the total questionnaire and 0.641, 0.958 and 0.864 for 3 subscales. The retest reliability was 0.954 for the total questionnaire and 0.694, 0.893 and 0.708 for 3 subscales.Conclusions:The questionnaire had high reliability and validity, which can be used as an effective evaluation tool for the standard to investigate the compliance of medical staffs in hemodialysis rooms.

Objective: To explore the mediating effects of self-focused attention between social anxiety and interpersonal needs. Methods: Totally 467 college students [159 males and 221 females, mean age (21 ±2)] were assessed with the Social Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Focused Attention Scale (SFAS) and Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ ). The bootstrap method was used to test the mediating effect Results: The SFAS and INQ scores were higher in female students than in males (Ps <0.01). The scores of SAS, SFAS, and INQ were positively correlated each other (r = 0.20 - 0.90, Ps < 0.01). Self-focused attention has a full mediating effect between social anxiety and interpersonal needs, and the 95％ confidence interval was (0.34, 0.59). Conclusion: It suggests that the effect of interpersonal needs on social anxiety may be achieved through self-focused attention in college students. Reducing the level of self-focused attention may be an important way to alleviate social anxiety among college students.

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture on early enteral nutrition (EEN) support in patients with severe craniocerebral injury.Methods A prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted, 50 patients with severe craniocerebral injury admitted to the the Department of Intensive Care Unit of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Ningbo from January 2014 to October 2016 were enrolled, and they were randomly divided into electroacupuncture experimental group (26 cases) and conventional treatment control group (24 cases) by randome number table. Enteral nutrition (EN) support was implemented in 24 - 48 hours after admission for all the patients, additionally, the electroacupuncture experimental group was treated by electroacupuncture stimulating acupoint from the 1st day after admission, once 30 minutes daily for consecutive 10 days. The levels of EN calorie reaching standard situation and the parenteral nutrition (PN) necessary for addition were recorded on 3 days and 5 days after admission; the nasal feeding amount of the two groups was recorded on the 1, 4, 7 days; the incidences of complications during EN support period were observed in both groups.Results The proportion of EN calorie reaching the standard in electroacupuncture experimental group was significantly higher than that in the conventional treatment control group in 5 days of treatment [92.3% (24/26) vs. 70.8% (17/24),P < 0.05]. The proportions necessary for addition of PN support were lower in electroacupuncture experimental group than those in the conventional treatment control group on 3 days and 5 days of treatment [3 days: 19.2% (5/26) vs. 25.0% (6/24), 5 days: 7.7% (2/26) vs. 16.7% (4/24)], but there were no significant statistical differences between the two groups (bothP > 0.05). The nasal feeding amounts in electroacupuncture experimental group were significantly higher than those in the conventional treatment control group on 4 days and 7 days of treatment [4 days (mL): 1292.31±123.04 vs.1204.17±139.81,7 days (mL):1342.31±113.75 vs.1275.00±103.21, bothP < 0.05]. The incidence of complications of the electroacupuncture experimental group was significantly lower than that of the conventional treatment control group in 10 days of treatment [26.92% (7/26) vs. 41.67% (10/24),P < 0.05].Conclusions Application of electroacupuncture has a certain clinical value during implementing EN support for treatment of patients with severe craniocerebral injury, early intervention of electroacupuncture can effectively improve the patients' gastrointestinal function and elevate the successful rate of EN, and the therapy is simple, effective and safe without any obvious adverse reactions.

OBJECTIVETo confirm the genetic diagnosis of two patients with ring chromosome 22 syndrome and investigate the mechanism underlying the formation of r(22) and potential genetic causes for the clinical phenotypes.

METHODSCytogenetic and molecular analyses using standard G-banding, fluorescence in situ hybridization and single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP array) were performed.

RESULTSFor case 1, the karyotype was 46,XY,r(22)(p11q13). SNP array has identified a 7.0 Mb heterozygous deletion at 22q13.2q13.33. For case 2, the karyotype was 46,XY,r(22)(p11q13)[84]/45,XY,-22[6]; SNP array has detected a heterozygous microdeletion of 1.6 Mb at 22q13.33.

CONCLUSIONWith combined application of genetic testing, 2 cases of r(22) syndrome were diagnosed, which has improved the understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlation of r(22).

Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Banding ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 ; genetics ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Ring Chromosomes

OBJECTIVE:To study the bioequivalence of Levodopa micro-capsule floating tablets in Beagle dogs after multi-dose administration. METHODS:6 dogs were collected and divided into Levodopa micro-capsule floating tablets group and Com-pound levodopa preparation group (Benserazide tablet,reference preparation). They were given levodopa 200 mg intragastrically, every 8 h,for consecutive 4 day. In two-period crossover test,HPLC method was established to determine the concentration of le-vodopa in dog. The pharmacokinetic parameter,bioequivalence and plasma concentration fluctuation of steady state were calculated. RESULTS:The main pharmacokinetic parameters of Levodopa micro-capsule floating tablets and reference preparation were as that cmax were(4.23±0.75)and(8.47±1.18)μg/ml;AUC0-∞ were(12.18±1.16)and(13.81±2.12)μg·h/ml;tmax were(1.83±0.26) and(0.67±0.13)h,respectively. 90% confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratio of AUC0-∞ for test and reference prepara-tion were 80.61%-97.90%,and that for cmax were 42.75%-57.63%,respectively. There was statistical significance in tmax between test and reference preparation. Degree of fluctuation of test and reference preparation at steady state were(283.914±43.217)% and (506.489±78.965)%,and fluctuation coefficient were(177.463±7.873)% and(187.405±1.650)%,respectively. The degree of fluctuation of test preparation was significantly less than that of reference preparation. CONCLUSIONS:Levodopa micro-capsule floating tablets show good sustained-release property,and are bioequivalent with reference preparation in absorption after multiple dose administration. It also has lesser fluctuation of blood concentration.