Covalently closed circular DNA(cccDNA)in hepatocytes is the replication intermediate of hepa-titis B virus(HBV),which is closely related to HBV replication.Meanwhile,it is the transcriptional template of pregenomic RNA(pgRNA),and most of the HBV RNA in serum is derived from unreversed transcribed pgRNA.In recent years,many studies have demonstrated that HBV RNA has an important role in monitoring disease progression and predicting the prognosis of chronic HBV-infected patients,and is a potential biomarker of chronic viral hepatitis B.This article provides an overview of the molecular characterisation of HBV RNA,detection methods and research progress in clinical applications.

Objective·To measure the parameters of the uterine artery,umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery in a rat model of preeclampsia(PE)by Doppler ultrasound,and compare the pathological changes in placental blood vessels and pregnancy outcomes,in order to provide an effective method and reference for evaluating placental function in PE animal models.Methods·PE(n=8)and normal pregnancy(NP,n=8)groups in Sprague-Dawley(SD)rat models were established by intraperitoneal injections of N'-nitro-L-arginine methylesterhydrochloride(L-NAME)and 0.9%sodium chloride solution.Blood pressure and proteinuria indexes were detected to evaluate whether the model was successfully established.On gestational day 19(GD19),Doppler ultrasound was utilized to measure the parameters of the uterine artery,umbilical artery and the fetal middle cerebral artery in both the PE and NP groups.After termination of the pregnancies,placental function was evaluated through the pathology of placental blood vessels and the quality of the fetuses and placentas.Results·In the PE group,both blood pressure(GD15:P=0.001;GD19:P=0.001)and proteinuria(GD15:P=0.001;GD19:P=0.001)were significantly higher than those in the NP group.The pulsatility index(PI)of the umbilical artery and uterine artery was notably elevated in the PE group compared to the NP group(both P=0.000).Furthermore,the resistance index(RI)of the fetal middle cerebral artery was significantly lower than that in the PE group(P=0.000).While the number of fetal rats did not differ significantly,the quality of placental and fetal rats was notably lower in the PE group(P=0.006 and P=0.000,respectively).Immunohistochemical staining of placental tissue revealed that the number of placental micro vessel densities in the PE group was less than that in the NP group(P=0.001).Correlation analysis revealed that placental micro vessel density,fetal quality and placental quality were inversely related with the RI of the umbilical artery and the PI and RI of the uterine artery,and positively correlated with the S/D,PI and RI of the fetal middle cerebral artery(all P<0.05).Conculsion·Doppler ultrasound assessment of the uterine artery,umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery indices in L-NAME-induced PE rat models effectively reflects pregnancy outcomes and placental vascular pathology.This method is valuable for evaluating placental vascular perfusion in PE rat models,offering practicality and convenience for research involving animal models.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the improve-ment functions of flavonoid compounds on temozolomide(TMZ)-,aging-or AD model-induced dysregulation of hip-pocampal NSC lineage progression,retardancy of den-dritic spine maturation in new-born neurons,as well as impairment of hippocampal-related learning and memory.METHODS We applied 30-week-old neural stem cell(NSC)specific promoter Nestin-GFP and NestinCreERT2:Rosa26-LSL-tdTomato transgenic mice and 16-week-old AD model 5XFAD transgenic mice,together with hippo-campal microinjection(ih),endogenous fluorescence trac-ing and immunofluorescent staining.RESULTS Both fla-vonoid compound A and its functional derivative flavo-noid compound B dose-dependently improved TMZ-,aging-or AD-induced defects of hippocampal NSC lin-eage progression and the maturation of dendritic spines of newborn neurons,thereby improving hippocampus related learning and memory.CONCLUSION This paper provides a new idea and treatment strategy for the devel-opment of new flavonoids that can promote neurogene-sis for neurodegenerative diseases and aging.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with emergency in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in Kashgar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and the factors affecting the success rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. METHODS: Retrospectively selected patients who had cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency department of the People's Hospital of 6 counties and cities in Kashgar area from January 2019 to January 2022. The clinical data of all patients were collected, including gender, age, major underlying diseases, the beginning and duration of resuscitation, the number of electric defibrillation acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II). According to whether the resuscitation was successful, all patients were divided into successful resuscitation group and failed resuscitation group. The clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. Then, the influencing factors of the success rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in IHCA patients were analyzed by binary Logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 1 376 patients were enrolled, including 1 117 cases of failed resuscitation and 259 cases of successful resuscitation. The success rate of resuscitation was 18.82%. Compared with the resuscitation failure group, the patients in the successful resuscitation group were younger (age: 49.10±20.99 vs. 58.44±18.32), the resuscitation start time was earlier [resuscitation start time ≤ 5 minutes: 76.45% (198/259) vs. 66.61% (744/1 117)], the proportion of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was lower [cardiovascular disease: 49.42% (128/259) vs. 58.19% (650/1 117), cerebrovascular disease: 17.37% (45/259) vs. 21.58% (241/1 117)], the number of electric defibrillation was lower [times: 0 (0, 2) vs. 1 (0, 1)], the proportion of endotracheal intubation was more [80.31% (208/259) vs. 55.60% (621/1 117)], APACHE II score was lower (13.75±8.03 vs. 17.90±4.63), and the difference was statistically significant (all P < 0.01). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that age, start time of resuscitation, ventilation mode and APACHE II score were protective factors affecting the success rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with emergency IHCA [age: odds ratio (OR) = 0.982, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.973-0.991, P < 0.001; resuscitation start time ≤ 5 minutes: OR = 0.629, 95%CI was 0.409-0.966, P = 0.034; tracheal intubation assisted ventilation: OR = 0.243, 95%CI was 0.149-0.397, P < 0.001; low APACHE II score: OR = 0.871, 95%CI was 0.836-0.907, P < 0.001], while underlying diseases (cardiovascular diseases) are a risk factor affecting the success rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR = 1.190, 95%CI was 1.015-1.395, P = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS Age, resuscitation start time, ventilation mode, APACHE II score and major underlying diseases (cardiovascular diseases) have a greater impact on the success rate of resuscitation in IHCA patients. The above factors are conducive to improving or formulating more effective rescue strategies for IHCA patients, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the success rate of clinical treatment.
Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Heart Arrest/therapy* ; Electric Countershock ; Hospitals

OBJECTIVE To improve th e quality standard for Gerbera piloselloides. METHODS The properties of G. piloselloides were observed and microscopic identification was conducted for powder. The moisture ，total ash ，acid-insoluble ash and ethanol-soluble extract were detected according to the method stated in 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （part Ⅳ）. The contents of nodakenin，luteolin-7-O-β-D-lutinoside，luteoloside，apigenin-7-O-β-D-lutinoside，apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and marmesin were determined by high performance liquid chromatography method. RESULTS G. piloselloides were shrunken ，densely covered with thick white cotton wool ，with many fibrous roots ；the surface was taupe or gray-brown ；its texture was brittle and easy to break ；the cross section was yellow-white ，and there was an obvious small wooden heart in the center. Its powder was tan ， and non-glandular hairs ，stone cells ，calcium oxalate cubes ，ducts，fibers could be seen unde r microscope. The measured values of moisture，total ash ，acid-insoluble ash and alcohol-soluble extract ， for 15 batches of samples were 8.63％-11.34％，10.39％-14.93％， 3.29％-6.37％ and 9.03％-15.02％，respectively；average values were 10.01％，12.26％，4.61％，12.36％. The linear ranges of nodakenin，luteolin-7-O-β-D-rutinoside，luteoloside，apigenin- 7-O-β-D-lutinoside，apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and marmesin we re 3.87-154.88，1.64-65.41，1.60-64.00，1.92-76.96， 1.27-50.93，0.40-15.89 μg/mL，respectively（r≥0.999 1）. RSDs of precision ，stability（24 h）and repeatability tests were all less than 3％. The average recoveries were 101.88％，100.89％，102.64％，95.75％，96.71％ and 103.48％，respectively；RSDs were 0.55％，0.43％，0.34％，0.49％，0.47％ and 0.37％，respectively（n＝6）；the contents of above 6 components were 0.152 7-0.852 2， 0.084 5-0.669 7，0.136 7-0.961 0，0.126 0-1.193 2，0.128 8-1.102 2，0.046 9-0.678 0 mg/g. CONCLUSIONS The established method can be used for the quality control of G. piloselloides . It is preliminarily proposed that the moisture in G. piloselloides is not more than 12.0％；the total ash is not more than 15.0％，the acid-insoluble ash is not more than 6.0％，the alcohol-soluble extract is not less than 9.0％；the contents of luteoloside and apigenin- 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside are not less than 0.016％.

Obesity is one of the most challenging global public health issues, and more than half of adults in Chia are overweight or obese. Obesity has been shown to be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, colon cancer and other specific cancers, and has become a serious threat and even a danger to the health and quality of life of the nation. With the mature development of bariatric surgery in the last 20 years, it is now widely recognized for its effectiveness and safety in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases, as well as improving patients′ life expectancy and quality of life. However, previous data from the literatures suggest that some patients require revisional surgery after bariatric surgery, with the incidence of revisional bariatric surgery as 5% to 50%. The main reasons for revisional bariatric surgery are poor post-operative outcomes, including the lack of significant weight loss, weight regain and no significant improvement or even recurrence of associated metabolic disease, and other reasons include the development of anaemia, malnutrition and long-term chronic pain. Currently, there is only the East Asian expert consensus on revised bariatric surgery proposed by Chinese Society for Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery in 2018. However, there are still no uniform standards regarding the indications, contraindications and surgical modalities of revisional bariatric surgery in clinical practice. The authors summarize the latest researches of revisional bariatric surgery, in order to provide the guidance value for clinical practice.

Multiple markers that related to gastric cancer has been widely used in clinical, to predict its occurrence, development and prognosis. Serum level of fibrinogen (FIB) and neutrophil to lymphocytes ratio (NLR) respectively as representative indicators of coagulation system and inflammation, can predict the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer and survival time. The rise of fibrinogen is associated with enhanced capacity of the gastric tumor cells proliferation, invasion and migration. High NLR is associated with significantly induced survival of patients with gastric cancer. The combination of fibrinogen and NLR (F-NLR) combines the advantages of each individual indicator in predicting the occurrence, development and prognosis of cancer. It has shown a great prognostic potential in gastric cancer, and can be widely applied in prospect.

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of neonates with laryngopharyngeal congenital structural abnormalities in intensive care unit.Methods:The clinical data of neonates with congenital laryngopharyngeal structural abnormalities in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the National Center of Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.The general data, birth status, disease types and clinical characteristics of abnormal laryngeal structure, complications, treatment and follow-up of some children with special diseases were summarized.These neonates were divided into the operation group and the conservative treatment group according to treatment methods, and then the outcomes of the two groups were compared.Results:A total of 133 cases of neonates with laryngopharyngeal congenital structural abnormalities were enrolled, including 73 cases(54.88%) with laryngomalacia, and 60 cases(45.12%) with special structural abnormalities.Of 60 cases with special structural abnormalities, 26 cases (19.54%) had pharynx and larynx cysts, 18 cases (13.53%) had vocal cord paralysis, 4 cases (3.00%) had laryngeal cleft, 2 cases (1.50%) had subglottic hemangioma, 3 cases (2.25%) had Pireer Robin, 1 case (0.75%) had laryngeal poof, 5 cases (3.75%) had pharynx softening, 1 case (0.75%) had subglottic stenosis.Nine patients had special structural abnormalities and laryngomalacia simultaneously.Fiber nasopharyngoscope and enhanced CT were main auxiliary examinations.Twenty-two(16.5%) cases received surgical treatment.Conclusions:Early diagnosis is needed for the neonates and abnormal laryngeal structure.The best treatment scheme should be evaluated according to the condition of the newborn.For some acute cases, early operation and multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment are warranted.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the changes in renal oxygenation in rats with acute aristolochic acid nephropathy using blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 7.0T. METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into AAN group (=18) and control group (=6) for intraperitoneal injections of AAI at 40 mg/kg and PEG400, respectively, on a daily basis for 6 consecutive days. All the control rats and 6 rats from AAN group underwent BOLD MRI scan before and at 2, 4, and 6 days after the initial injection for measuring renal cortical and medullary R2 values. At each of the 4 time points, 3 rats in AAN group were sacrificed for histological evaluation; the control rats were examined at 6 days after the initial injection. RESULTS: The cortical and medullary R2 values of the rats in AAN group on days 4 and 6 were significantly higher than those in the control group ( < 0.05). In AAN group, the cortical R2 values showed no obvious changes on day 2 as compared with the baseline values, but increased significantly on day 4 ( < 0.05) and day 6 ( < 0.01); the medullary R2 values increased progressively and were significantly higher than the baseline values on day 4 ( < 0.01) and day 6 ( < 0.01). In the control group, no significant changes were detected in either cortical or medullary R2 values throughout the experiment. CONCLUSIONS BOLD MRI allows non-invasive measurement of renal oxygenation levels in rats with AAN. The increase of renal cortical and medullary R2 values, and particularly the latter, indicates a lowered renal oxygenation level, which provides potentially useful information for clinical decisions.
Animals ; Aristolochic Acids ; Kidney ; Kidney Diseases ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Oxygen ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To evaluate the adenoma detection rate( ADR)of fecal occult blood test (FOBT)-positive population in colorectal cancer screening programme and to analyse potential influence of“resection and discard”strategy on ADR. Methods Data of patients who paticipated in the Shanghai color-ectal cancer screening programme with FOBT-positive and received colonoscopy in the Digestive Endoscopic Center of Changhai Hospital from July 2013 to July 2014 were retrospectively analysed. ADR was calculated and compared by different genders. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyse the risk factors of polyp resection without retrieval. Results A total of 222 FOBT-positive patients were involved with 36. 5% male proportion. The total ADR was 19. 8%,higher in male(28. 4%)than in female(14. 9%)(P=0. 015). The independent risk factors of polyp resection without retrieval were diminutive polyp( OR =15. 256,95% CI:4. 159-55. 957),located in rectum( OR = 3. 663,95% CI:1. 427-9. 398) and polyp number >2(OR= 3. 988,95%CI:1. 562-10. 187).Conclusion ADR of FOBT-positive population is approx-imately 20%in our center. Low male proportion and“resection and discard”strategy may lead to lower ADR. ADR should be calculated by different genders and advanced endoscopic technology should be employed rou-tinely to predict the pathological diagonosis of the lesions.