Objective:To translate Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory TM 3.2 Diabetes Module (PedsQL TM 3.2-DM) for children and adolescents into Chinese and analyze the reliability and validity of it. Methods:Following the principle of Brislin translation, the source scale was translated by 2 supervisor nurses with master's degrees and the scale was back translated by 2 nursing experts with overseas study experience. The semantic adjustment of the scale was carried out by pre-surveys. By the convenient sampling method, a total of 175 children and adolescents with diabetes who were treated in Department of Endocrinology and Department of Pediatrics in ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Yantai and Qingdao from March to August 2019 were investigated and 175 effective scales were finally included to analyze the reliability and validity of the revised scale in children and adolescents with diabetes.Results:The Chinese version of PedsQL TM 3.2-DM had 33 items in total, including 4 dimensions such as disease-related symptoms, treatment compliance, disease-caused worry and communication. The Cronbach's α coefficient of Chinese version of PedsQL TM 3.2-DM was 0.927 and that of 4 dimensions were respectively 0.885, 0.910, 0.828 and 0.798. After assessment by panel of experts, the content validity index of Chinese version of PedsQL TM 3.2-DM was 0.97 and the content validity index of every item was from 0.80 to 1.00. A total of 4 common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 59.539%. In addition, the factor loading of each item on its common factor was over 0.4. Conclusions:The Chinese version of PedsQL TM 3.2-DM has good reliability and validity, which can be used as a simple tool for self-assessment of quality of life in children aged from 8 to 19 years with diabetes.

Objective To evaluate whether perinatal personalized self-efficacy can improve the rate of breastfeeding six months after delivery in primiparas by applying it in the breastfeeding by primiparas. Methods Totally 76 pregnant women who were admitted by the outpatient service of the Obstetrics Department from January to February 2016 were selected as the object of intervention by convenience sampling. Pregnant women admitted in January 2016 were divided into the control group (n=38) and received conventional nursing, while those admitted in February 2016 were divided into the observation group (n=38) and received perinatal personalized breastfeeding self-efficacy intervention. Then the breastfeeding self-efficacy one week and one month after delivery and the rate of pure breastfeeding one week, one month, three months and six months after delivery were compared between two groups.Results The pregnant women in the observation group showed higher breastfeeding self-efficacy than the pregnant women in the control group (t=25.43,22.78;P<0.05). The rates of pure breastfeeding one week, one month, three months and six months after delivery were 88.57％, 85.71％, 80.00％ and 77.14％, respectively, higher than those of the pregnant in the control group, which were 66.67％, 55.56％, 47.22％ and 36.11％, respectively (χ2=4.878, 7.749, 8.215, 12.146;P<0.05). Conclusions Perinatal personalized self-efficacy intervention can improve the breastfeeding self-efficacy and the rate of pure breastfeeding six months after delivery.

Objective To observe the effect of systemic chemotherapy on conditions of tumor infiltrating,metastasis and disease-specific survival (DSS) for advanced retinoblastoma (RB).Methods Forty-one patients with advanced RB who received enucleation were enrolled in this study.There were 26 males and 15 females,age at diagnosis was ranged from 2 to 72 months,with a mean of 23.08 months.There were 16 bilateral patients and 25 unilateral patients;13 group D eyes and 28 group E eyes.16 patients received enucleation as the primary treatment (operation group),25 eyes received chemotherapy before enucleation (chemotherapy group).There was no significant statistical difference between two groups for the gender,unilateral and bilateral,international staging or diagnostic age (P＞0.05).The histopathology report was performed to assess the risk of postoperative tumor-node-metastasis staging (pTNM) in each patient,and the extent of tumor invasion in the optic nerve,choroid and anterior chamber was divided into 3 levels of low risk,medium risk and high risk.Five deaths were all in the group E with chemotherapy before enucleation.Using R software survival analysis software package survfit function,the application of Kaplan-Meier estimation method,DSS of RB children was calculated from the time of diagnosis,up to the date of the death of patient.DSS differences between chemotherapy,operation group and eye removal time (more than 3 months,less than 3 months) in group E RB children were analyzed.Results The proportion of high risk pTNM stage in chemotherapy group was significantly lower than the operation group.But there was no significant difference between the two groups in the overall risk classification (x2 =3.130,P=0.077).For group D eyes,the overall risk classification in chemotherapy group was significantly lower than the operation group (x2 =5.870,P=0.015).There was no significant difference between the two groups in the overall risk of group E eyes (x2 =0.020,P=0.889).The DSS in chemotherapy group and operation group were 0.71 and 1.00,respectively;the difference was significant (x2 =3.700,P=0.05).The DSS in children whose enucleation delayed for more than 3 months and children whose enucleation performed within 3 months were 0.64 and 1.00,respectively;the difference was significant (x2 =4.800,P=0.028).Conclusion Systemic chemotherapy did not reduce the risk of tumor invasion and metastasis in patients with advanced RB.Instead,it will reduce the DSS in group E eyes of RB.

Objective To construct a scientific and feasible evaluation indicator system of health education effect of our country′s hospitalized patients with diabetes. Methods On the basis of literature review and semi-structured interview combined with group discussion, alternative index system were determined,and then the Delphi method were used for two round consultation with 30 diabetes experts to finally determine indicator evaluation system. Results Positive coefficient of the two rounds consultation were 86.7% (26/30) and 100.0% (26/26) respectively, experts′ authority coefficient was 0.889,and the Kendall W coefficients of concordance were 0.447,0.369 and 0.302 respectively (P<0.01). The evaluation indicator system of health education effect was consisted of 6 fisrt-level indicators, 24 second-level indicators and 55 third-level indicators. Conclusions The evaluation indicator system of health education effect is reliable and scientific, which can provide objective and quantitative standards for health education effect of hospitalized patients with diabetes in our country.

Objective To explore the effects of outpatient and inpatient self-management education in patients with type 2 diabetes and analyze the weak spot of diabetes mellitus health education. Methods We selected in a 1∶1 rate 110 newly diagnosed patients with diabetes mellitus in outpatient and endocrine ward from March 2013 to October 2013. Out-patients selectively received systematic outpatient education related to diabetes as one-to-one guidance by outpatient education nurses. Inpatients received diabetes self-management education as alternate one-to-one guidance and lectures undertaken by primary nurses and education nurses. Results One month after interventions, the compliance of diet, exercise, medications, and blood glucose monitoring in out-patients were all lower than that in inpatients (P <0. 01). Conclusions The effects of inpatient′s self-management education are better than outpatient education. Managers should analyze the weak spot of outpatient diabetes mellitus health education, and explore the effective methods of blood glucose monitoring education to improve patients′blood glucose monitoring compliance.

Objectives To assess if visual analogue scale(VAS) or Likert scale was relatively more suitable when measuring self-reported clinical outcomes for apoplexy spastic-paralysis patients.Methods Nineteen questions were made from the serf-evaluating instrument based on patient reported outcomes for apoplexy spasticparalysis patients developed previously in cross-sectional study.104 patients answered the questions by both continuous and discrete visual analogue scale(VAS),while other 110 patients by both five-point Likert scales and Likert-typo scales.Cronbach'sαfor internal consistency reliability,spearman for correlation,and exploratory factor analysis for construct validity were applied.Results Except for emotional domain,the α coefficients of physical domain,social domain and overall score with continuous and discrete VAS are higher than that with five-point Likert scales and Likert-type scales.Internal consistency reliability was stronger for VAS.lntraclass correlation coefficients were above 0.4 mostly for each item with its domain,and VAS may produce the higher correlation.For VAS,there were three factors in the exploratory factor analysis,which confirmed the domain hypotheses of physical,mental and social functions,but for the Likert scales,the result was undesiable.Conclusion The more accurate for the response options,the better for the performance.When the patient can complete the measurement without the help of others,VAS seems better suited.

Objective To explore the characteristics and treatment of pain after inflammatory spinal demyelination. Methods 271 patientssuffered from inflammatory spinal demyelination with pain were analyzed retrospectively. Results Acute radicular pain and Lhermitte'ssign were common in the acute pain syndromes. Individual therapy showed a benefit of decreased pain. Conclusion Pain is a commonclinical symptom of inflammatory spinal demyelination. Individualized therapeutic decisions could relieve symptom and improve outcome.

Objective To compare the difference of ultrasound and digital subtraction anginography (DSA) in diagnosing carotid atheriosclerosis. Methods A total of 340 patients of ischemic cerebrovascular disease with carotid atheriosclerosis were examined with ultrasound and DSA. They were divided into cerebral infarction group (n=235) and transient ischemic attack (TIA, n=105), and also were divided into the young-aged group (n=54), middle-aged group (n=137) and old-aged group (n=149) by age. Results Both of the ultrasound and DSA found that the incidence of carotid artery stenosis in cerebral infarction was higher than that in TIA (P<0.05);the incidence that of carotid artery stenosis in old-aged group were higher than that in middle-aged and young-aged group (P<0.05), and in middle-aged group was higher than that in young-aged group. Taking DSA as standard, the accordance rate of ultrasound in diagnosing stenosis, clot and both of them were 89.39%, 80.85%, 87.15%, respectively. Conclusion Carotid artery ultrasound has high sensitivity in diagnosis of carotid atheriosclerosis. Either carotid artery ultrasound or DSA has advantages. With combination of two methods, there will be an important significance in the diagnosis, clinical treatment, assess before operation and follow-up after operation in patients with carotid atheriosclerosis.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of nerve blockade combined with millimeter wave on patients with head acute herpes zoster (HZ) following serious pain.MethodsForty-two patients with head acute HZ following serious pain were randomly assigned to two groups: the combined group which treated with nerve blockade combined with millimeter wave, and the control group which received only nerve blockade. The pain degree (Numeric Rating Scales, NRS), blisters and scabbing were evaluated after treatment.ResultsNRS significantly decreased in both groups after treatment. The blister was earlier to disappear and scabbing was better in the combined group than in the control group (P<0.01).ConclusionNerve blockade combined with millimeter wave can effectively relieve the pain and shorten course of head acute HZ following serious pain.

Objective To construct the genes expression profile database of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice model and to screen the high candidate genes with microarray analysis. Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products on behalf of 4 096 genes from mixed mice tissue library were assembled on the modified Oako glass slide. The general RNA from 6 EAE mice model and 6 normal mice head was transcripted into cDNA by RT-PCR and labelled with cy-3 and cy-5.6 groups each consist one EAE mice and a control. These two probes were mixed and hybridized with the above mentioned gene chips. Scan array 4000 was used for scanning the hybridizing signals and GenePixPro 3.0 for date analysis. Results Of the total 4 096 genes monitored, 43 genes in group one showed changes in expression level of the ratio outside 0.5 and 2, 30 genes differed in group two, 176 genes changed in group three, 76 in group four, 294 in group five and 129 in group six. Conclusions The results showed the consistent different genes expression throughout the EAE mice model. The genes related to immune, cell structure, cell cycle, ion channel, signal transduction, protein synthesis and metabolism are involved in EAE pathogenesis. The results provide deeper insights into the mechanism of EAE and multiple sclerosis.