AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of ZKY001 eye drops with different concentrations in the treatment of corneal epithelial defects(CED)after primary pterygium excision.METHODS: This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase II clinical trial. From March 15, 2022 to November 14, 2022, patients with primary pterygium who had undergone surgery were recruited from 12 tertiary hospitals across China. Using block randomization, 178 patients(178 eyes)were randomly assigned to 3 groups in a 1:1:1 ratio: 0.002% ZKY001 group(n=59), 0.004% ZKY001 group(n=59), and placebo group(n=60, receiving ZKY001 sham eye drops). Subjects in each group received 1 drop of the study drug 4 times per day for 4 d. The percentage of CED area recovery from baseline, the first complete healing time of CED area, the number of first complete healing cases of CED, and changes in visual analogue scale(VAS)scores for eye discomfort including eye pain, foreign body sensation, tearing and photophobia were observed.RESULTS: In terms of improvement in CED, there were no statistically significant differences among the three groups including the first healing time of CED, the percentage improvement in CED area compared to baseline, and the percentage of first healing cases at different follow-up visits(all P>0.05). Numerically, the first healing time of CED was shorter in the test groups compared to the placebo group(67.87±21.688 h for the 0.002% ZKY001 group, 61.48±22.091 h for the 0.004% ZKY001 group, and 68.85±20.851 h for the placebo group). On D1 morning, the percentage improvement in CED area compared to baseline was maximally different from the placebo group, and the numerical difference advantage was maintained at subsequent follow-up visits. The number of first healing cases in the CED area at different follow-up visits was higher in the test groups than the placebo group. In terms of improvement in ocular discomfort, the total VAS scores were lower in the test groups compared to the placebo group, mainly due to reductions in foreign body sensation and pain scores. At D3, the 0.004% ZKY001 group showed statistically significant improvement in foreign body sensation(P<0.017). In terms of safety, the overall incidence of adverse events was low(9.0%)and similar among groups.CONCLUSION: The use of ZKY001 eyedrops after primary pterygium surgery can safely improve the CED repair, and alleviate postoperative symptoms caused by CED.

Objective:To learn about the iodine nutritional status of children aged 8 - 10 and pregnant women in Zhaoyuan City of Shandong Province, and to provide a basis for prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders in the future.Methods:In 2008 and 2021, a census method was used to collect drinking water samples from all 724 villages (neighbourhood committee) in Zhaoyuan City. In 2018 and 2022, a multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the daily per capita salt intake of residents. From 2017 to 2022, multi-stage random sampling method was used to collect household salt and urine samples from children aged 8 - 10 and pregnant women. Among them, thyroid volume tests were conducted on the sampled children in 2017, 2019, 2020 and 2022, and iodine supplementation surveys were conducted on the sampled pregnant women in 2019 - 2022. The iodine content in water was determined by As 3+-Ce 4+ catalytic spectrophotometry using ammonium persulfate digestion. The iodine content in potassium iodate salt was determined by direct titration method in "General Test Method in Salt Industry-Determination of Iodine" (GB/T 13025.7-2012). And other fortified iodized salt, unqualified iodized salt and non-iodized salt were retested using the redox titration method. Urinary iodine was determined by "Determination of iodine in urine - Part 1: As 3+-Ce 4+ catalytic spectrophotometry" (WS/T 107.1-2016). The children's thyroid gland was examined by using DP-2200Plus fully digital portable ultrasound instrument and 75L38EB ultrasound probe, and the goiter rate was calculated. Results:The median water iodine levels in Zhaoyuan City in 2008 and 2021 were 5.71 and 1.30 μg/L, respectively. The daily per capita salt intake of residents in 2018 and 2022 was 9.36 and 7.83 g, respectively. It is estimated that the per capita iodine intake in 2018 was (180.64 ± 71.00) μg/d and in 2022 was (124.25 ± 72.23) μg/d. From 2017 to 2022, the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in both children and pregnant women was less than 90%; and from 2018 to 2022, the coverage rate of iodized salt was < 95%. The median urinary iodine of children was 184.00 μg/L, at an appropriate level, there was a statistically significant difference in urinary iodine content among children in different years ( H = 77.39, P < 0.001). From 2017 to 2022, the median urinary iodine of pregnant women was between 100 and 150 μg/L, there was no statistically significant difference in urinary iodine content among pregnant women in different years ( H = 5.33, P = 0.208). The goiter rate of children in 2017, 2019, 2020 and 2022 was 3.00% (24/800), there was no statistically significant difference in goiter rate among children in different years ( P = 1.000). A total of 400 pregnant women were investigated for iodine supplementation, the rate of iodine supplementation was 90.50% (362/400). Conclusions:Zhaoyuan City has reached the elimination standard for iodine deficiency disorders, but some pregnant women are at risk of iodine deficiency. Continuous monitoring and attention should be paid to the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women.

Objective To analyze the genetic subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance in the newly reported HIV-infected men in Guangxi. Methods The stratified random sampling method was employed to select the newly reported HIV-infected men aged≥50 years old in 14 cities of Guangxi from January to June in 2020.The pol gene of HIV-1 was amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced.The mutation sites associated with drug resistance and the degree of drug resistance were then analyzed. Results A total of 615 HIV-infected men were included in the study.The genetic subtypes of CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC accounted for 57.4% (353/615),17.1% (105/615),and 22.4% (138/615),respectively.The mutations associated with the resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI),non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI),and protease inhibitors occurred in 8 (1.3%),18 (2.9%),and 0 patients,respectively.M184V (0.7%) and K103N (1.8%) were the mutations with the highest occurrence rates for the resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs,respectively.Twenty-two (3.6%) patients were resistant to at least one type of inhibitors.Specifically,4 (0.7%),14 (2.3%),4 (0.7%),and 0 patients were resistant to NRTIs,NNRTIs,both NRTIs and NNRTIs,and protease inhibitors,respectively.The pretreatment resistance to NNRTIs had much higher frequency than that to NRTIs (2.9% vs.1.3%;χ²=3.929,P=0.047).The prevalence of pretreatment resistance to lamivudine,zidovudine,tenofovir,abacavir,rilpivirine,efavirenz,nevirapine,and lopinavir/ritonavir was 0.8%, 0.3%, 0.7%, 1.0%, 1.3%, 2.8%, 2.9%, and 0, respectively. Conclusions CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC are the three major strains of HIV-infected men≥50 years old newly reported in Guangxi,2020,and the pretreatment drug resistance demonstrates low prevalence.
Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics* ; China/epidemiology* ; Mutation ; HIV-1/genetics* ; Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Genotype

AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of frequency of intense pulsed light(IPL)in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction.METHODS: In this retrospective study, a total of 108 patients(216 eyes)with meibomian gland dysfunction admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to June 2022 were included. They were divided into two groups, with 54 cases(108 eyes)IPL group(energy density 13.0J/cm2, pulse width 6ms, delay time 50ms), and 54 cases(108 eyes)in advanced optimal pulsed technology(AOPT)group(energy density 10.0-16.0J/cm2, pulse width 7-4-4 ms in unequal-division mode). The clinical effects of the two groups were observed and compared, including ocular surface symptoms, corneal fluorescein staining score(FL), tear film lipid layer thickness(LLT), ocular surface disease index(OSDI)score, mean non-invasive tear film break-up time(NIBUTav)and first non-invasive tear film break-up time(NIBUTf), tear meniscus height, score of meibomian gland secretion and its secretion traits, and the incidence of adverse effects was also calculated.RESULTS: The effective rate of the AOPT group(106 eyes, 98.1%)was higher than that of the IPL group(90 eyes, 83.3%, P<0.05), as well as OSDI score, FL score, score of meibomian gland secretion and its secretion traits, LLT NIBUTav, NIBUTf and tear meniscus height(all P<0.001). However, the incidence of adverse effects of the AOPT group(18 eyes, 16.7%)was higher than that of the IPL group(4 eyes, 3.7%; P<0.05).CONCLUSION: With significant improvement in the ocular surface symptoms and function, AOPT has a better therapeutic effect on the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction, but it has more adverse reactions. Therefore, optimal treatment plan should be fully selected in combination with the actual clinical situation.

We isolated a novel lectin (AHL) from Artocarpus hypargyreusHance and showed its immunomodulatory activities. In this study, the amino acid sequence of AHL was determined by cDNA sequencing. AHL cDNA (875bp) contains a 456-bp open reading frame (ORF), which encodes a protein with 151 amino acids. AHL is a new member of jacalin-related lectin family (JRLs), which share high sequence similarities to KM+ and Morniga M, and contain the conserved carbohydrate binding domains. The antitumor activity of AHL was also explored using Jurkat T cell lines. AHL exhibits a strong binding affinity to cell membrane, which can be effectively inhibited by methyl-α-D-galactose. AHL inhibits cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner through apoptosis, evidenced by morphological changes, phosphatidylserine externalization, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage, Bad and Bax up-regulation, and caspase-3 activation. We further showed that the activation of ERK and p38 signaling pathways is involved for the pro-apoptotic effect of AHL.

With relatively low rejection rate and better visual prognosis, Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) has become the mainstream surgery for the treatment of endothelial dysfunction in some developed countries, but it has not been applied widely in China due to technical difficulties, the long learning curve, shallow anterior chamber of Chinese people, and the fact that domestic corneal endothelial lesions are often accompanied with other complex eye diseases.In this review, the indications, donor graft preparation including donor selection, graft preparation techniques and visualization of graft, key surgical techniques including the implantation, unwrapping and positioning of graft, postoperative complications including graft detachment, high intraocular pressure, rejection, endothelial cell loss, graft survival rate, and visual prognosis of DMEK were reviewed.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1α) and Wilms' tumor 1associating protein (WTAP) expression level in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia cells. METHODS: The t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia cell lines, including SKNO-1 and Kasumi-1 were treated by Echinomycin for 24 h, RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of WTAP mRNA and the protein. The CoCl RESULTS: The expression level of WTAP mRNA and the protein in the echinomycin treated group was significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). The expression level of WTAP protein in the CoCl CONCLUSION The inhibition of HIF1-α could down-regulates the expression of WTAP, while the up-regulation of HIF1α could up-regulates the expression of WTAP, which shows that there is a positive correlation of HIF1α and WTAP expression. This result suggesting that HIF1α may be involves in the expression regulation of WTAP gene.
Cell Cycle Proteins ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics* ; Nuclear Proteins ; RNA Splicing Factors ; RNA, Messenger

Objective: To develop an automatic warning software system for MEWS, and apply the MEWS system and SBAR communication mode to the early warning of surgical patients to evaluate its implementation effect. Methods: From November 2017 to November 2018, 400 patients in the People′s Hospital of Guigang City, Guangxi, with vital signs and critical illness after surgery were divided into 200 patients in the control group and 200 in the study group according to the random number table. The control group: routinely calculated MEWS scores and reported abnormal values to the doctor to treat the patient′s condition. The research group: Combining MEWS assignment with computer technology, developing MEWS automatic disease warning software system and combining it with SBAR communication mode for early warning of surgical patients′ condition, comparing the two groups′ disease evaluation time, treatment response speed, communication completion rate and Whether patients and doctors have different job satisfaction with nurses. Results: The disease assessment time and treatment response rate of the study group were (45.89±1.528) seconds and (1.22±0.57) minutes, respectively. The control group was (58.01±5.123) seconds and (3.19±1.56) minutes respectively. The difference between the two groups was significant (t=32.078, -7.899, P<0.01). The communication completion rate of the study group, the patient's job satisfaction to the nurses, and the doctor's job satisfaction to the nurses was 96.0% (192/200), 91.5% (183/200) and 97.0% (194/200) respectively. The rate in the control group was 61.5% (123/200), 79.0% (158/200), and 78.0% (156/200) respectively, the difference between the two groups was significant (χ²=71.126, 12.426, 33.006, P < 0.01). Conclusion The MEWS automatic warning software system and SBAR communication mode can be used to quickly assess the patient′s condition, improve the accuracy of medical communication, alert patients to potential risks and severity of illness, and improve nurses' work efficiency and patient and doctor's satisfaction with nurses' work degree.

Objective To observe the expression change of phosphorylation glogyen synthase kinase 3β at Ser9 [p-GSK3β (Ser9)] and investigate whether GSK3β involved in the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) and optic nerve in rat ocular hypertension model.Methods Thirty health Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with normal intraocular pressure (IOP) were randomly divided into 3 groups(10 cases in each group):control group,2 weeks ocular hypertension(OHT) group and 4 weeks OHT group.The ocular hypertension model was established by using episcleral veins ligation and cauterization.5 eyes from each group were taken for frozen section at week 2 and week 4 after establishing ocular hypertension model.The number of RGC was counted with Nissl's staining.The expression and distribution of p-GSK3β (Ser9) in RGC and optic nerve were detected by immunofluorescence staining.The retinal sample of other 5 rats was harvested for detecting the expression of total glogyen synthase kinase 3 β (total GSK3β) and p-GSK3β (Ser9) by Western blot.Results There was no statistical difference in IOP before modeling among three groups (P =0.89),but there was statistical difference after modeling (P ＜0.01),compared with the control group,the increased rate of IOP in 2 weeks OHT group and 4 weeks OHT group were 59.13％ and 26.93％ (all P ＜ 0.05).The average RGC numbers of 2 weeks OHT group and 4 weeks OHT group were 120 ± 10 per eye and 86 ± 7 per eye,which were both less than the number 149 ± 12 per eye in control rats,there were statistical differences (all P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,the number of RGC in 4 weeks OHT group was less than 2 weeks OHT group (P ＜0.01).The expression of p-GSK3 β (Ser9) in the retina and optic nerve were positive detected by immunofluorescence,and the intensity of p-GSK3β (Ser9) immunofluorescence staining in RGC and optic nerve of OHT rats were less than model control eyes.The amount of p-GSK3β (Ser9) in retina of 2 weeks OHT rats decreased 19.89％ compared with control group rats (P ＜ 0.05),and the amount of p-GSK3β (Ser9) in retina of 4 weeks OHT rats was significantly decreased 36.46％ compared with control group rats(all P ＜ 0.05).While the total GSK3β did not change(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The number of RGC and the expression of p-GSK3β (Ser9) in RGC and optic nerve of OHT rat eyes decreased significantly.The change expression of the p-GSK3β (Ser9) in the RGCs and optic nerve may be correlated with RGC neurodegeneration in glaucomatous disorders.