Objective: To explore the relationship between DNA methylation and occupational noise-induced hearing loss. Methods: A case-control study was conducted. People with hearing loss induced by occupational noise were recruited as the case group and those with normal hearing but still exposed to occupational noise were recruited as the control group. A total of 60 participants were included, of which 30 participants were in the case group and 30 in the control group. The methylation level was detected by 850k genome-wide DNA methylation chip technology. The significance of differential methylated position (DMP) was tested by R-packet 'Champ'. The differential methylated region (DMR) was analyzed by using Champ's Bumphunter algorithm. Cluster profiler was used to analyze the gene list for GO and KEGG pathway enrichment. Results: There was significant difference between two groups in binaural high-frequency average hearing threshold (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in age, smoking, drinking, hypertension, physical exercise and cumulative noise exposure. The results of DMP and DMR analysis showed that 713875 sites were detected in the case group and the control group, and 439 methylation sites with significant difference, accounting for 0.06%; 650 regions were detected, and 72 methylation regions with significant differences, accounting for 11.08%. Compared with the control group, the results of GO enrichment analysis showed that the case group had statistically significant differences in four pathways: axogenesis of projection neurons in the central nervous system, neuronal development in the central nervous system, axogenesis of neurons in the central nervous system and neuronal differentiation in the central nervous system. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that there were significant differences in sphingolipid metabolism, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, primary bile acid biosynthesis pathway between the case group and the control group. Conclusion: The occurrence of occupational noise-induced hearing loss may be related to the regulation of gene expression related to axogenesis of projection neurons in the central nervous system, development of neurons in the central nervous system, axogenesis of neurons in the central nervous system, differentiation of neurons in the central nervous system, sphingolipid metabolism, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, primary bile acid biosynthesis and gene methylation related to metabolism.
Aldosterone ; Bile Acids and Salts ; Case-Control Studies ; DNA Methylation ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/genetics* ; Humans ; Noise, Occupational/adverse effects* ; Occupational Diseases ; Occupational Exposure ; Sphingolipids

The present study is to investigate the chemical constituents of the whole plants of Selaginella uncinata. A new flavonoid was isolated from the 75% ethanol extract of Selaginella uncinata by column chromatographies over macroporous resin, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and prep-HPLC. The structure was elucidated as 8-[4-(carboxyl)phenoxy]-5,4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (1) and named unciflacone G.

In the current study, nine flavonoids were isolated and purified from 75% ethanol extract of Selaginella uncinata (Desv.) Spring by column chromatographic techniques over macroporous resin, polyamide, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and pre-HPLC. On the basis of their physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic data analyses, these compounds were elucidated as cirsimarin (1), nepitrin (2), apigenin-6-C-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), apigenin-6-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-8-C-α-L-arabinopyranoside (4), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), 2,3-dihydroamentoflavone (6), 4'-O-methylamentoflavone (7), 2,3-dihydro-4'-O-methyl-amentoflavone (8), and 2,3,2",3"-tetrahydron-4'-O-methyl-robustaflavone (9). Compounds 1-5 belong to flavonoid glycosides and were isolated from the genus Selaginella for the first time.
Flavonoids ; analysis ; Selaginellaceae ; chemistry

To establish a LC-MS/MS method to determine caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid in rat plasma and study their pharmacokinetics in rats. Six Sprague-Dawley rats were intravenously injected with 4 mL x kg(-1) of Dengzhanxixin injection, respectively. Their drug plasma concentration was determined by LC-MS/MS, with tinidazole as an internal standard. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 1.0. The linear concentration ranges of caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid were 2-128 microg x L(-1) (r = 0.998 1) and 3-384 microg x L(-1) (r = 0.998 7), respectively. The methodological test showed conformance to the requirements. The intraday and inter-day variable coefficients were both less than 10.0%, indicating that both of legitimate precise and accuracy were in conformity with the requirements of biological sample analysis. For caffeic acid, the pharmacokinetic parameter t1/2beta AUC0-t, and CL were (130.91 +/- 38.77) min, (4.89 +/- 0.96) mg x min x L(-1) and (0.12 +/- 0.02) L x min(-1) x kg(-1), respectively. For chlorogenic acid, the pharmacokinetic parameter t1/2beta , AUC0-t, and CL were (49.38 +/- 8.85) min, (9.54 +/- 0.95) mg x min x L(-1) and (0.09 +/- 0.003) L x min(-1) x kg(-1), respectively. The LC-MS/MS analysis method established in this study was proved to be so accurate and sensitive that it can be applied to the pharmacokinetic study of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid.
Animals ; Caffeic Acids ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chlorogenic Acid ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

OBJECTIVETo in vestigate the chemical constituents of Sarcandra glabra and obtain a more comprehensive understanding on its effective components.

METHODThe constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic method and their structures were elucidated by physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic analysis.

RESULTFive flavonoid glycosides were isolated and identified as kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucuronide (1), quercetin-3-O-alpha-D-glucuronide (2), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside methyl ester (3), 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxy-8-C-beta-D-glucopyranosyl flavanone (4), neoastilbin (5), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (6), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (7), isofraxidin (8).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-6 were isolated from the genus Sarcandra for the first time. The glucuroide compounds compounds 1-3, were first isolated from the genus Sarcandra.

Caffeic Acids ; chemistry ; Coumarins ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Glucuronides ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of Oldenlandia diffusa.

METHODThe column chromatography with polyamide Sephadex LH -20, silica gel as packing materials and HPLC, were used to separate and purify the chemical components. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data.

RESULTNine compounds were isolated and identified as 2, 6-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-3-methylanthraquinone (1), 2-hydroxy-1-methoxy-3-methylanthraquinone (2), 2-hydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone (3), quercetin-3-O-[2-O-(6-O-E-sinapoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-beta-glucopyranoside (4), quercetin-3-O-[2-O-(6-O-E-feruloyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-beta-glucopyranoside (5), kaempferol-3-O-[2-O-(6-O-E-feruloyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-beta-galactopyranoside (6), quercetin-3-O-(2-O-beta-D-glucop-yranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), rutin (8) and quercertin (9).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1 and 8 were obtained from this plant for the first time, and compound 1 was a new compound.

Anthraquinones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Oldenlandia ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Rutin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVE: To explore the inhibitive effects of 1,3,8-trihydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone (TMX) on cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) in human liver microsomes. METHODS: Probe drugs were incubated with and without adding TMX to determine the changes of enzyme activities. The concentration ratio of metabolites to probe drugs was used to present enzyme activities. Concentrations of the probe drugs and their metabolites in the incubated mixture were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The variations (mean, 95%CI) of the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 were 2.95 x 10(-3) (2.03 x 10(-3), 3.88 x 10(-3)), 3.14 x 10(-2) (1.87 x 10(-2), 4.42 x 10(-2)), 2.27 x 10(-3) (-1.4 x 10(-2),1.81 x 10(-2)), 7.72 x 10(-2) (-0.83 x 10(-2), 0.2374), and -0.2548 (-2.9802, 2.4707), respectively. The activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 were significantly reduced in the present of TMX. CONCLUSION TMX (10 micromol/L) has significant inhibitive effect on the activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2C9, but no significant inhibitive effect on the activities of CYP2C19, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4.
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Humans ; Microsomes, Liver ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Xanthones ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of reinioside C (RC) on the expression of lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor (LOX)-1 mRNA and LOX-1 protein induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). METHODS: HUVECs were cultured with ox-LDL (50 mg/L) for 24 h in the absence or presence of RC (1, 3, and 10 micromol/L). The expressions of LOX-1 mRNA and LOX-1 protein were examined by RT-PCR and Western-blot. RESULTS: Incubation with ox-LDL (50 mg/L) significantly raised the expression of LOX-1 mRNA and LOX-1 protein,which was concentration-dependent. CONCLUSION RC can inhibit the increased expression of LOX-1 mRNA and LOX-1 protein induced by ox-LDL in HUVECs.
Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; pharmacology ; Polygala ; chemistry ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Receptors, LDL ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology ; metabolism

AIMTo study the chemical constituents of Polygala aureocauda Dunn..

METHODSChemical compounds were isolated by column chromatography and their structures were determined mainly by spectroscopic means (UV, IR, MS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, HMQC, HMBC).

RESULTSThree compounds were isolated and identified as 3-hydroxy-1,4-dimethoxyxanthone (I), 1, 7-dihydroxy-2, 3-methylendioxyxanthone (II), 7-hydroxy-1-methoxy-2, 3-methylendioxyxanthone (III).

CONCLUSIONCompounds I-III were isolated from Polygala aureocauda Dunn. for the first time, whereas compound I is a new xanthone.

Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polygala ; chemistry ; Xanthones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

AIMTo study the active constituents of Swertia davidi Franch.

METHODSColumn chromatographies on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and Diaion-201 et al. were used to isolate and purify the chemical components. Their structures were identified by UV, IR, MS, NMR and 2D-NMR.

RESULTSThese compounds were elucidated as 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1, 3, 5-trihydroxyxanthone (I), 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1, 8-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (II), 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1, 3, 8-trihydroxyxanthone (III) and swertamarin (IV).

CONCLUSIONCompound III is a new xanthone glucoside. The other compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Swertia ; chemistry ; Xanthones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification