Objective: To investigate the expression of Ki-67 and CD34 in the differential diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and DCIS-like invasive breast cancer (DLIBC). Methods: A total of 100 cases of DCIS and 150 cases of DLIBC diagnosed pathologically in Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from January 2019 to March 2022 were collected. The expression of p63, CK5/6, Ki-67 and CD34 in both groups were detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and evaluated. Results: The 100 cases of DCIS included 11 cases of low-grade DCIS, 28 cases of intermediate-grade DCIS and 61 cases of high-grade DCIS. IHC staining of p63 and CK5/6 showed the myoepithelial cells around cancerous duct were complete or partial absence. Ki-67 expression showed two patterns: high expression in the basal layers and scattered expression within the tumor. Most cases showed mainly high basal expression (77/100, 77%), and the proportion of this pattern was significantly different between low grade and high grade DCIS (P<0.05). All cases showed complete CD34 expression surrounding the cancerous duct with different proportion (vascular necklace) suggested small vessels proliferation. The 150 cases of DLIBC included 142 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) (three cases of basal-like breast cancer was included), two cases of secretory carcinoma, three cases of solid papillary carcinoma, two cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma and one case of acinar cell carcinoma. Among 142 cases of IDC, 13 cases were grade Ⅰ, 77 were grade Ⅱ and 52 were grade Ⅲ. IHC staining of p63 showed complete absence of myoepithelium. CK5/6 was negative in most cases and only positively expressed within the tumor in 3 cases of basal-like breast cancer. Ki-67 indicated a scattered expression pattern within the tumor. In most cases, CD34 immunostaining showed scattered positive blood vessels within the tumor while only two cases showed incomplete expression of CD34 around the tumor (2/150, 1.3%). The different expression patterns of Ki-67 and CD34 in DCIS and DLIBC was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: The different expression patterns of Ki-67 and CD34 are helpful to distinguish DLIBC from DCIS. The appearance of "vascular necklace" with CD34 and the high expression of Ki-67 around the cancerous duct highly support the diagnosis of DCIS, and the scattered expression pattern of CD34 supports DLIBC.
Antigens, CD34 ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology* ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ki-67 Antigen ; Neuroblastoma

OBJECTIVEShellfish are recognized as important vehicles of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis. The present study aimed to monitor norovirus contamination in oysters along the farm-to-fork continuum in Guangxi, a major oyster production area in Southwestern China.

METHODSOyster samples were collected monthly from farms, markets, and restaurants, from January to December 2016. Norovirus was detected and quantified by one-step reverse transcription-droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-ddPCR).

RESULTSA total of 480 oyster samples were collected and tested for norovirus genogroups I and II. Norovirus was detected in 20.7% of samples, with genogroup II predominating. No significant difference was observed in norovirus prevalence among different sampling sites. The norovirus levels varied widely, with a geometric mean of 19,300 copies/g in digestive glands. Both norovirus prevalence and viral loads showed obvious seasonality, with a strong winter bias.

CONCLUSIONThis study provides a systematic analysis of norovirus contamination 'from the farm to the fork' in Guangxi. RT-ddPCR can be a useful tool for detection and quantification of low amounts of norovirus in the presence of inhibitors found particularly in foodstuffs. This approach will contribute to the development of strategies for controlling and reducing the risk of human illness resulting from shellfish consumption.

Objective To explore the efficacy of ganoderma lucidum preparation(Ling Zhi) in treating APP/PS-1 transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods APP/PS-1 transgenic mice of 4 months were randomly divided into model group,ganoderma lucidum treatment groups,including high [2250 mg/(kg·d)] and middle [750 mg/(kg·d)] dose groups,i.e.LZ-H and LZ-M groups,and the positive control group(treated with donepezil hydrochloride [2 mg/(kg·d)]).In addition,C57BL/6J wild mice were selected as normal group.The animals were administered for 4 months.Histopathological examinations including hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining,immunohistochemistry,special staining,and electron microscopy were applied,and then the pathological morphology and structures in different groups were compared. Results The senile plaques and neurofibrillar tangles in the cerebrum and cerebellum were dissolved or disappeared in LZ-H and LZ-M groups.Decrease of amyloid angiopathy was found in LZ-H and LZ-M groups.The immature neurons appeared more in hippocampus and dentate nucleus of LZ-H and LZ-M groups than those in AD model and donepezil hydrochloride groups(hippcampus:F=1.738,P=0.016;dentate nucleus:F=1.924,P=0.026),and these immature neurons differentiated to be neurons.More Purkinje cells loss occurred in AD model mice than that in LZ-H and LZ-M groups(F=9.46,P=0.007;F=9.46,P=0.010).The LZ-H and LZ-M groups had more new neuron stem cells grown up in cerebellum.Electromicroscopic examination showed the hippocampal neurons in LZ-H and LZ-M group were integrated,the nuclear membrane was intact,and the mitochondria in the cytoplasm,endoplasmic reticulum,Golgi bodies,microtubules,and synapses were also complete.The microglial cell showed no abnormality.No toxicity appeared in the pathological specimens of mice treated with ganoderma lucidum preparation.Conclusion The ganoderma lucidum preparation can dissolve and decline or dismiss the senile plaques and neurofibrillar tangles in the brain of AD mice and also reduce the amyloid angiopathy.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between rs9722 polymorphisms in the S100B gene and hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by enterovirus 71.

METHODSA total of 124 HFMD children with enterovirus 71 infection were enrolled as subjects, and 56 healthy children were enrolled as control group. The rs9722 polymorphisms in the S100B gene were detected for both groups, and the serum level of S100B protein was measured for 74 HFMD children.

RESULTSThe rs9722 locus of the S100B gene had three genotypes, CC, CT, and TT, and the genotype frequencies were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Compared with the control group, the HFMD group had significant increases in the frequencies of TT genotype and T allele (P<0.01). Children with severe HFMD caused by enterovirus 71 infection had significantly higher frequencies of TT genotype and T allele than those with moderate or mild HFMD (P<0.05). Compared with the cured patients, the patients with poor prognosis had significant increases in the frequencies of TT genotype and T allele in the rs9722 locus of the S100B gene (P<0.05). Among the 74 children with HFMD, the children with TT genotype had the highest serum level of S100B protein, and those with CC genotype had the lowest level (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONST allele in the rs9722 locus of the S100B gene might be a risk factor for severe HFMD caused by enterovirus 71 infection.

Child, Preschool ; Enterovirus A, Human ; Enterovirus Infections ; complications ; Female ; Genotype ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; etiology ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; genetics

The theoretical basis, location, belonging of zang-fu, treatment function and indications, applying principle and manipulation of Umbilical Ring acupoints in Zhuang medicine are explained in this paper. According to Zhuang medicine, umbilicus is an epitome of the body and all the zang-fu and organs in the body have corresponding epitomes like a fetus in front-standing position. The umbilicus is not only a micro-diagnosis system, but also a window for illness treatment that could be divided into superficial, middle and deep layer to respectively communicate different zang-fu and organs. The umbilical inner ring and outer ring are collectively called Umbilical Ring acupoints, they could dredge paths, regulate the balance of qi and blood to regulate qi, expel poison, tonify deficiency and remove stasis to treat many types of diseases in the whole body.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Umbilicus ; anatomy & histology

OBJECTIVESelecting variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) loci for different serogroups of Shigella spp to explore and establish multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) method, in order to study the molecular characteristic of the isolated strains.

METHODSOf the Shigella strains found by dysentery surveillance in Beijing from 2001 to 2009, 180 strains were selected for this study, according to the number and serotypes of the surveillant strains, at the ratio of 15%; including 50 strains of Shigella sonnei and 130 strains of Shigella flexneri. After screening the polymorphism of the 18 VNTR loci, 10 VNTR loci (sh1-sh10) were retained and constructed three groups of multi-PCR methods to detect all he 180 strains and analyze MLVA molecular subtypes using capillary segments.

RESULTSA range of 2 to 11 alleles were found on the 10 VNTR loci among the 180 Shigella strains, with a diversity index value between 0.158 and 0.766. The 10 loci showed diversity in different serogroups, such as only one allele found in sh6 of Shigella flexneri, sh2 and sh3 of Shigella sonnei individually. The isolated 180 strains were divided into 84 MLVA subtypes, with a resolution ratio D value at 0.967 (95%CI: 0.956 - 0.978). The 130 strains of Shigella flexneri were divided into 63 subtypes, named as TF001-TF063; among which TF001, TF002 and TF 005 were the dominant subtypes, accounting to 17, 16 and 15 strains respectively. The 50 strains of Shigella sonnei were divided into 21 subtypes, named as TS001-TS021; among which TS002 (14 strains) and TS001 (7 strains) were the dominant subtypes.

CONCLUSIONMLVA subtyping method including 10 VNTR loci was preliminarily developed. The MLVA cluster analysis revealed that the subtypes of Shigella strains isolated in Beijing were diverse, and suggested the possibility of multiple-clone source.

Alleles ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; methods ; China ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Genotype ; Minisatellite Repeats ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Shigella ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo set up thalassemia population intervention model in order to decrease the birth of thalassemia major, relying on population and family planning service system.

METHODSPregnant women and their husbands were educated about thalassemia, and participated in screening and prenatal diagnosis if the couple were carriers of thalassemia in the areas of Huangpu, Panyu, Zengcheng and Tianhe districts of Guangzhou.

RESULTSThe network of thalassemia intervention mainly dependent on family planning service system was set up in these regions. A total of 10 695 families participated in thalassemia screening and 16 thalassemia major fetuses were diagnosed in the last two years. No one was thalassemia major in the 8360 newborn.

CONCLUSIONThalassemia population intervention model was set up relying on family planning service system and it significantly decreased the birth of thalassemia major.

Family Planning Services ; methods ; Female ; Genetic Counseling ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; methods ; Spouses ; Thalassemia ; diagnosis ; genetics ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo study the epidemiological characteristics and molecular phenotypes of Salmonella by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in Beijing from 2008 to 2009.

METHODSA total of one hundred thirty-seven isolates recovered from the WHO Global Salmonella Surveillance system and entero clinic surveillance system were identified by biochemical tests and serotyping. The related epidemiological informations were also analyzed. The isolates were further typed by PFGE.

RESULTSThe prevalence of Salmonella from 2008 to 2009 showed obvious seasonal character. High incidence occurred from June to September, and 64.1% (84/131) isolates were recovered in this period. Patients of 18 - 40 year-old were 46.1% (58/128) and 80 patients were male and 40 patients were female with the ratio of 1.57:1. These 137 Salmonella isolates belonged to 20 serotypes, including Enteritidis (46.7%, 64/137) and Typhimurium (17.5%, 24/137) as the dominant serotype. In total, 71 PFGE profiles were identified. Four PFGE patterns of S. Enteritidis isolates (JEGX01.CN0001, JEGX01.CN0003, JEGX01.CN0002, JEGX01.CN0019) and S. Typhimurium pattern of JPXX01.CN0001 were dominant patterns.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of Salmonella from 2008 to 2009 showed distribution characteristics of sex, age and seasons. The numerous PFGE patterns of Salmonella showed diversity of these isolates and different clones existed in Beijing.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA, Bacterial ; isolation & purification ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Female ; Food Microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Typing ; Salmonella ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Salmonella Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Serotyping ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the pathogenic form, epidemic features and serotype distribution of the pathogenic bacteria causing infectious diarrhea in Beijing.

METHODSA total of 2118 samples of rectal swabs and stool specimens of diarrheal patients were collected from 6 surveillant intestinal tract clinics during the period between April and October, 2010. Enteric multiple pathogens including Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella, Shigella and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli were detected by the isolation culture, biochemical identification and serotyping methods. The population distribution, temporal distribution and serotype distribution of the above pathogenic bacteria were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods.

RESULTS478 strains isolated from the total 2118 specimens were positive for pathogen detection, accounting to 22.6%. Among the 478 strains of pathogenic bacteria, Shigella accounting for 40.8% (195/478) was the most frequent pathogen, followed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus accouting for 23.8% (114/478), Salmonella accounting for 19.0% (91/478) and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli accounting for 4.8% (23/478). Enteric pathogenic bacteria spread mainly among adults aging between 20 and 39; and the distribution was different among different age groups, while the highest detected rate was in 30 - 39 age group, accounting for 27.2% (92/338). The detected rate of pathogenic bacteria showed evident seasonal variations, with a peak from July to October, whose detected rates were 23.5% (114/486), 32.8% (176/536), 36.1% (90/249) and 25.9% (29/112) respectively. The detected rates in other months were all under 16.0%. Shigella Sonnei was the dominant serotype, accounting for 83.1% (162/195). O3:K6 was the dominant serotype among Vibrio parahaemolyticus, accounting for 63.2% (72/114). Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium were dominant serotypes among Salmonella, accounting for 13.2% (12/91) and 12.1% (11/91) separately. Enterpathogenic Escherichia coli and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli were the dominant serotypes among Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, accounting for 69.6% (16/23) and 30.4% (7/23) respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe three main pathogenic bacteria causing infectious diarrhea in Beijing are Shigella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella; and there are obvious changes in the serotype distribution of Shigella and Samonella compared to previous years.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bacterial Infections ; epidemiology ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Salmonella ; isolation & purification ; Serotyping ; Shigella ; isolation & purification ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus ; isolation & purification ; Young Adult

Objective To understand the etiological and molecular-epiderniological characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Beijing.Methods Stool specimens from sporadic diarrheal patients were collected during April to December,2010.Culture and serotyping were used to detect the Vibrio parahaemolyticus from the 2118 specimens.All the positive strains were tested for drug sensitivity by Kirby-Bauer method.Real-time PCR was used to detect the existence of three virulence genes tlh,tdh and trh.Molecular typing on Vibrio parahaerrolyticus isolates was completed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis(PFGE).Results 114 out of the 2118 specimens were Vibrio parahaemolyticus positive,with the positive rate as 5.38％.114 isolates belonged to 23 serotypes,with the dominant (63.16％)serotype as O3:K6.Strains isolated from clinical manifestation patients were resistant to antibiotics-ampicillin and gentamicin,while with high sensitivity to amoxicillin,ceftriaxone,chloromycetin,imipenem,nalidixic acid and tetracycline.Virulence gene detection was positive to tlh for all the strains,but most to tdh,while only one strain to trh.The positive rate oftdh among O3:K6 strains(98.61％)was higher than that in those non-O3:K6 strains(85.71％)(P=0.0098).114 isolates were discriminated into 54 different PFGE patterns,while 72 O3:K6 strains into 34 patterns without the clustering characteristic.Conclusion Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from diarrheal patients in Beijing were dominated by O3:K6 strains,with stronger virulence.The positive rates of genes tlh and tdh were high.Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains showed high sensitivity to most antibiotics.The prevalent Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains in Beijing had various sources of clones.