Background and objective Lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)is a highly morbid and fatal cancer.De-spite advancements in modern medical treatment,the 5-year survival rate of patients remains suboptimal.Our previous study revealed that zinc finger SWIM-type containing 1(ZSWIM1),a novel protein,promotes the proliferation,migration,and inva-sion of LUAD cells.The aim of this study is to investigate the impact ofE3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif protein 21(TRIM21)on ZSWIM1-mediated cell proliferation and migration.Methods The interaction and co-localization between TRIM21 and ZSWIM1 were verified using co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP)and immunofluorescence(IF).The effects of TRIM21 and ZSWIM1 on the proliferation and migration of LUAD cells were assessed through MTT and Transwell assays,respectively.Western blot(WB)analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of TRIM21 and ZSWIM1 on the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)markers in LUAD cells.The influence of TRIM21 on the ubiquitination of ZSWIM1 was exam-ined using Co-IP combined with WB.Results TRIM21 was found to interact and co-localize with ZSWIM1.Overexpression of TRIM21 inhibited the proliferation and migration of LUAD cells.Overexpression of TRIM21 reduced the promoting effect of ZSWIM1 on the proliferation,migration,and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells,and reversed the impact of ZSWIM1 on the expression of E-cadherin and Vimentin.Conversely,knockdown of TRIM21 further enhanced the promoting effect of ZSWIM1 on the proliferation and migration of LUAD cells.Mechanistically,we observed that overexpression of TRIM21 significantly en-hanced the ubiquitination level of ZSWIM1,leading to a decrease in ZSWIM1 protein expression.Conclusion TRIM21 binds to and promotes the ubiquitination of ZSWIM1,resulting in reduced protein expression of ZSWIM1,which leads to the inhibition of ZSWIM1-mediated promotion of proliferation,migration,and invasion in LUAD cells.

The establishment and maintenance of latent cellular reservoirs of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)within days after infection remains a major obstacle to achieving functional HIV cure.Epigenetics pertains to the regulation of gene ex-pression through means beyond mutations in DNA sequences.Research on epigenetic modifications in recent decades has facili-tated in-depth understanding of HIV pathogenesis and ongoing AIDS therapy strategies.This review briefly introduces princi-ples of epigenetics,and summarizes current epigenetic findings observed during HIV infection,particularly regarding the roles of epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation,histone modification,RNA modification,and non-coding RNAs in the processes of viral latency and formation of reservoirs.In addition,the implications and challenges of these epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in functional AIDS cure strategies are discussed.This review is aimed at encouraging more research groups to focus on epigenetic studies in HIV-infected populations,to develop more therapeutic drugs based on epigenetics,and to propose more rational and feasible functional AIDS cure strategies.

AIM To evaluate the quality of Yanyangke Mixture.METHODS The HPLC fingerprints were established,after which cluster analysis,principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were performed.The contents of liquiritin,rosmarinic acid,sheganoside,irisgenin,honokiol,monoammonium glycyrrhizinate,irisflorentin,isoliquiritin and magnolol were determined,the analysis was performed on a 35 ℃ thermostatic Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column(5 μm,250 mmx4.6 mm),with the mobile phase comprising of 0.1％phosphoric acid-acetonitrile flowing at 1 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and multi-wavelength detection was adopted.RESULTS There were ten common peaks in the fingerprints for twelve batches of samples with the similarities of more than 0.9.Various batches of samples were clustered into three types,three principal components displayed the acumulative variance contribution rate of 87.448％,peaks 5、14(honokiol),3(liquiritin),11(monoammonium glycyrrhizinate)and 15(asarinin)were quality markers.Nine constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(r＞0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 98.5％-103.6％with the RSDs of 0.92％-1.7％.CONCLUSION This stable and reliable method can provide a basis for the quality control of Yanyangke Mixture.

Respiratory infectious diseases (RID) are the major public health problems threatening the people's lives and health.Infection control (IC) is one of the effective tools to contain the occurrence and spread of RID.We collected the articles and data on IC published since January 1,2018 and summarized the achievements,problems,and challenges of IC from administrative control,management control,environment and engineering control,and personal protection in the medical institutions and public places in China.The efforts for IC vary in different regions and medical institutions of different levels.There are still links to be improved for IC from administrative control,management control,environment and engineering control,and personal protection,especially in community-level medical institutions and public areas.It is urgent to strengthen the implementation of IC policies and conduct IC precisely according to local situations.We proposed the following suggestions.First,the existing IC products and tools should be applied to precisely implement the IC measures;second,modern high technology should be employed to develop efficient and convenient IC products and tools;finally,a digital or intelligent IC platform should be built for monitoring infections,so as to contain the occurrence and spread of RID.
Humans ; COVID-19 ; Infection Control ; Communicable Diseases ; China/epidemiology*

Objective To investigate the effect of plateau hypoxia on the blood-brain barrier after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats. Methods Adult male SD rats (n = 78) were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham group (sham), SAH model group (SAH), plateau hypoxia sham group (Hp sham) and plateau hypoxia SAH model group (Hp SAH). The rat model of plateau hypoxia was established through low-pressure simulation chamber (altitude 5000 m), and the SAH model was established by endovascular perforation method. At 24 hours after SAH, neurobehavior score and SAH grade were assessed. The morphological changes of neurons and apoptosis of nerve cells in the CA1 region of hippocampal were observed by the staining of Nissl and TUNEL. The expression of phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K), PI3K, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), Akt, phosphorylated nuclear factor κB (p-NF-κB), NF-κB, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), occludin and claudin-5 in hippocampal were detected by the method of Western blotting. The expression of occludin and claudin-5 proteins in the CA1 region of hippocampal were observed by immunofluorescent staining. Results At 24 hours after SAH, the neurobehavior score decreased significantly and SAH grade increased significantly in the SAH and Hp SAH group (P< 0.05). Neurobehavior score decreased significantly in the Hp SAH group compared with the SAH group (P < 0.05). In the SAH group, neurons in the CA1 region of hippocampus were atrophied and deformed, the arrangement were disordered, the number of neurons decreased significantly, and the apoptosis of nerve cells increased significantly(P< 0.05). Plateau hypoxia could aggravate the morphological damage of neurons and apoptosis of nerve cells. The expression of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, occludin and claudin-5 proteins decreased significantly, while the expression of p-NF-κB/NF-κB and MMP-9 proteins increased significantly in the SAH and Hp SAH group (P< 0.05). The expression of p-PI3K/PI3K and MMP-9 proteins increased significantly in Hp SAH group compared with the SAH group. The expression of claudin-5 protein increased significantly in Hp sham group compared with the sham group (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescent staining showed that the expression of occludin and claudin-5 proteins in the CA1 region of hippocampus decreased in the SAH group. Plateau hypoxia could further decreased the expression of occludin and claudin-5 proteins. Conclusion Plateau hypoxia aggravates blood-brain barrier disruption after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats through inhibiting PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway.

Through literature research and standard retrieval, Corydalis-derived medicinal materials, the origins, and related standards were summarized. Finally, 27 medicinal materials were screened out, involving 71 species(varieties). Among them, only 11 are recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020), National Standard for Chinese Patent Drugs·Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Medicine Standards, and other local standards, including Corydalis Bungeanae Herba and Corydalis Herba. The names and original plants of the medicinal materials are different in different standards, and the phenomena of "same medicinal material with different names" and "same name for different medicinal materials" are prominent. Most standards only include the traits, microscopic identification, and physico-chemical property identification, with unsound quality criteria. Thus, efforts should be made to strengthen the sorting of Corydalis medicinal plants, herbal textual research, and investigation of the resources and utilization. Moreover, via modern techniques, the chemical components and medicinal material basis of different original plants should be explored and sound quality standards should be established to improve the safety and quality of Corydalis-derived medicinal materials. Summarizing Corydalis medicinal plants, Corydalis-derived medicinal materials, and related standards, this study is expected to provide a reference for the standard formulation, quality evaluation, expansion of drug sources, and rational development and utilization of Corydalis resources.
Corydalis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry* ; Reference Standards

Objective: To guide the patients with vertigo who are suitable for vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT), and to evaluate the curative effect through a remote guidance platform based on mobile internet. Methods: Adult outpatients, who were diagnosed as vestibular disorders and required VRT, were selected and conducted baseline evaluation and formulated vestibular rehabilitation plan according to their symptoms, diagnosis and vestibular function examination results. These patients downloaded and installed the mobile internet remote guidance platform app for VRT, and then registered and uploaded medical records. According to the VRT plan formulated by clinicians for patients, the platform launched corresponding exercise guidance videos to guide them to complete 4-week VRT exercise at home. Before and after VRT, the patients were scored with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC), Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). The rehabilitation effects were statistically analyzed by SigmaStat 4.0 software. Results: From October 2019 to October 2021, 233 patients with vertigo completed the registration of vestibular rehabilitation guidance platform, of whom 187 patients insisted on 4-week rehabilitation training and completed the scale evaluation. Among 187 patients, 65 were male and 122 were female; Age was (49.8±16.0) years; The medical history ranged from one to 192 months, with a median of eight months. Compared with that before rehabilitation exercise, the subjective feeling of vertigo in 170 patients was improved, and the overall effective rate was 90.9% (170/187). The subjective symptoms of vertigo were basically improved after rehabilitation training in patients with unilateral vestibular dysfunction, vestibular neuritis, sudden deafness with vertigo, Hunt syndrome and acoustic neuroma. There were significant differences in ABC, DHI and SAS scores before and after VRT (P<0.05). Of those patients with Meniere's disease in the intermittent period and the patients with Meniere's disease who underwent surgical treatment, more than 90% of their subjective symptoms of vertigo or dizziness improved after VRT, and there were significant differences in the scores of ABC, DHI and SAS before and after VRT exercise (P<0.05). In patients with vestibular migraine, 36.7% (11/30) had no improvement or even aggravation of subjective symptoms of vertigo after VRT, however, the DHI score after rehabilitation exercise was lower than that before exercise, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In patients with bilateral vestibular dysfunction, although most (6/8) subjective symptom scores were improved compared with those before exercise, there was no significant difference in ABC, DHI and SAS scores before and after rehabilitation (P>0.05). Conclusion: VRT with the help of vestibular rehabilitation mobile internet remote guidance platform can effectively improve the subjective symptoms of vertigo, balance ability and anxiety in patients with unilateral vestibular lesions.
Adult ; Dizziness ; Female ; Humans ; Internet ; Male ; Postural Balance ; Vertigo ; Vestibular Neuronitis/diagnosis*

Objective:To investigate the effect of total ginsenoside ginseng root on the learning and memory impairment and anxiety of hindlimb suspension rats by detecting the performance of rats in the water maze， elevated plus maze， and the expression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis， inflammatory factors and tryptophan pathway related factors through the intervention of ginsenosides in hindlimb suspension rats. Method:The Wistar male rats were divided into normal group， hindlimb suspension model group， Huperzine A group （0.1 mg·kg^-1）， and total ginsenoside ginseng root low and high dose groups （100， 200 mg·kg^-1）， with 8 rats in each group. Except for the normal group， the rats in the other groups maintained a -30° hindlimb suspension state for 24 h. The normal group and the model group received intragastric administration of 10 mL·kg^-1 pure water . After 28 days of continuous administration， the water maze and elevated plus maze behavioral tests were performed. After the tests， blood was taken from the abdominal aorta， and the rat brain cortex was peeled off on ice， quenched with liquid nitrogen， and stored at -80 ℃ for later use. LC-MS/MS was used to detect neurotransmitter levels of dopamine， acetylcholine， glutamate， γ-aminobutyric acid and tryptophan pathway metabolites （tryptophan， 5-hydroxytryptamine， 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid， kynurenine， 3-hydroxykynurenine， and kynurenine） in rat brain cortex. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） kit was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-10 （IL-10， the HPA axis-related hormone corticotropin （ACTH）， and the level of corticosterone （CORT）. Result:Compared with the normal group， the escape latency in the water maze significantly increased， the number of crossings was significantly reduced， and the number of open-arm entry and the percentage of open-arm entry were significantly reduced in the elevated plus maze in model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the content of dopamine， acetylcholine， glutamic acid， and γ-aminobutyric acid in the cortex decreased， kynurenine and kynurenic acid showed an upward trend， 3-hydroxykynurenine， 5-hydroxytryptamine， 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid showed a downward trend， and the levels of IL-6， IL-10， ACTH， and CORT in the serum significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group of rats， total ginsenoside ginseng root low and high dose groups group reduced the avoidance latency in the water maze， and increased the number of crossings and the number of open arms of the elevated plus maze， dopamine， acetylcholine， glutamate， and γ-aminobutyl content increased， while kynurenine and kynurenic acid showed a downward trend， 3-hydroxykynurenine， serotonin， and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid showed an upward trend， and IL-6， IL-10， ACTH， and CORT factor levels were down-regulated（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Conclusion:Hindlimb suspension for 28 days in simulated microgravity can impair the learning and memory ability of rats and cause anxiety-like behaviors. Total ginsenoside ginseng root can improve their learning and memory impairment and anxiety-like behaviors. The mechanism may be mainly related to inhibiting body inflammation and regulating HPA axis imbalance.

Objective:To investigate whether the adverse reactions of Xuebijing injection (XBJJ) are mainly pseudoallergic reactions and explore the influencing factors of its pseudoallergic reactions. Method:Mouse model of pseudoallergic reaction was used to study the anaphylactoid reaction of XBJJ which at 0.5, 1 and 2 times of the highest clinical concentration. Next, we compared the differences in pseudoallergic reactions caused by XBJJ for different storage times after preparation. Specifically, XBJJ was prepared into different concentrations, stored for 10 minutes, 2.5 hours, 6 hours and 24 hours, and then injected into the tail vein of mice. Finally, three different injection speeds of 3 seconds, 45 seconds and 90 seconds were selected for XBJJ injection, and then the differences in the paeudoallergic reactions induced by XBJJ in mice under different injection speeds were compared. Result:XBJJ induces pseudoallergic reactions in mice when the drug concentration is higher than the clinically recommended concentration. Compared with storage for 10 minutes after preparation, the degree of pseudoallergic reaction in mice induced by the same concentration of XBJJ increased with the extension of storage time. In addition, when XBJJ was injected in 3 s (the injection rate was 0.083 mL·s^-1), it produced the strongest pseudoallergic reaction. Conclusion:The adverse reactions induced by XBJJ are mainly pseudoallergic reactions. Excessive storage time after preparation and fast injection speed of XBJJ will lead to aggravation of pseudoallergic reactions in mice. When XBJJ is used clinically, it should strictly follow the usage, dosage, concentration, and drip rate recommended in the drug instruction manual. Rational drug use is of positive significance for improving the safety of XBJJ.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there is a difference in cerebellar development between appropriate -for-gestational-age (AGA) infants and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. METHODS: A total of 165 AGA infants and 105 SGA infants, with a gestational age of 26-40 weeks, were enrolled in this study. Within 24-48 hours after birth, ultrasound examination was performed to measure the transverse diameter of the cerebellum, the height of the vermis, the area of the vermis, the perimeter of the vermis, and the area and perimeter of the cerebellum on transverse section. A Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between cerebellar measurements and gestational age. RESULTS: In both AGA and SGA infants, all cerebellar measurements were positively correlated with gestational age (r=0.50-0.81, P<0.05). In AGA and SGA infants, there were no significant differences in the measurements between the 25-27 weeks, 28-30 weeks, and 31-33 weeks of gestational age subgroups (P>0.05), while in the 34-36 weeks and 37-40 weeks subgroups, the SGA infants had significantly lower measurements than the AGA infants (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The SGA infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks have intrauterine cerebellar development similar to AGA infants, but those with a gestational age of ≥34 weeks have poorer intrauterine cerebellar development than AGA infants.
Cerebellum ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Small for Gestational Age ; Ultrasonography