OBJECTIVEMany metals, some of which have been classified as environmental endocrine disruptors, are used extensively in everyday consumer products and are ubiquitous in our living environment. In the present study, we aimed to explore the associations between the prevalence risk of type 2 diabetes and plasma levels of 20 trace elements as well as those of heavy metals in a Han Chinese population.

METHODSWe conducted a case-control study to investigate the associations between plasma concentrations of 20 metals and diabetes in Jiangsu province. A total of 122 newly diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes and 429 matched controls were recruited from community physical examinations in Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province. Plasma metal levels were measured by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

RESULTSAfter adjusting for confounders, plasma vanadium, chromium, manganese, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, strontium, palladium, cadmium, cesium, and barium were associated with diabetes risk (P < 0.05). The adjusted OR increased with increasing concentration of vanadium, manganese, copper, zinc, and cesium.

CONCLUSIONMany metals, including manganese, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, and cadmium in plasma, are associated with the morbidity of diabetes. Monitoring of environmental metal levels and further studies are urgently needed.

Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus ; blood ; etiology ; Environmental Pollutants ; blood ; toxicity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metals ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors

The effect of Qizhi Jiangtang vapsule (QJC) on degree of dermal ulcer cicatrization in 2 type diabetic rats was studied. Except the rats for blank group, other male Wistar rats were used to establish type 2 diabetic model by feeding with high sugar and high fat diet for four weeks and intraperitonally injecting with 30 mg•kg⁻¹ streptozotocin (STZ). After that, the rats were divided into balanced groups according to blood sugar, and received corresponding drugs for treatment for 8 weeks. At the end of week 8, 2 cm diameter circular incision was done on the back of rats. After that, the rats were administered continuously for10 days. Area of ulcer surface was detected every two days. After the last administration, wound granulation tissues were cut down to conduct pathological examination and detect the expression of VEGF, PI3K, p-ERK protein in wound tissues. The results showed that compared with the model group, after application of Qizhi Jiangtang capsule (2.24 g•kg⁻¹), the wound was significantly reduced on day 6 and day 10 of wound formation; inflammation reaction on ulcer surface was significantly reduce; Qizhi Jiangtang capsule can increase VEGF expression in the wound tissues of diabetic rats, and inhibit ERK phosphorylation. It can be concluded that Qizhi Jiangtang capsule can promote skin ulcer healing for diabetes rats, and its mechanism may be related to regulating the expression of VEGA and p-ERK proteins.

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have recently emerged as promising anticancer drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combination treatment with the PARP inhibitor PJ34 and HDAC inhibitor SAHA on the proliferation of liver cancer cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed in three human liver cancer cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B and HCC-LM3) treated with PJ34 (8 μmol/L) and SAHA (1 μmol/L), alone or combined, by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The nude mice bearing subcutaneous HepG2 tumors were administered different groups of drugs (10 mg/kg PJ34, 25 mg/kg SAHA, 10 mg/kg PJ34+25 mg/kg SAHA), and the inhibition rates of tumor growth were compared between groups. The results showed that combined use of PJ34 and SAHA could synergistically inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cell lines HepG2, Hep3B and HCC-LM3. The apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells treated with PJ34+SAHA was significantly higher than that of HepG2 cells treated with PJ34 or SAHA alone (P<0.05). In vivo, the tumor inhibition rates were 53.5%, 61.4% and 82.6% in PJ34, SAHA and PJ34+SAHA groups, respectively. The combined use of PJ34 and SAHA could significantly inhibit the xenograft tumor growth when compared with use of PJ34 or SAHA alone (P<0.05). It was led to conclude that PJ34 and SAHA can synergistically suppress the proliferation of liver cancer cells.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; administration & dosage ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drug Synergism ; Hep G2 Cells ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hydroxamic Acids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Mice ; Phenanthrenes ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

OBJECTIVETo investigate how network education can improve college students' knowledge on sexual and reproductive health in Ningbo city.

METHODSFrom December 2012 to June 2013, we conducted a questionnaire investigation among college students in Ningbo city about the effects of network education on their knowledge about sexual psychology, sexual physiology, sexual ethics, and reproductive health.

RESULTSA total of 7 362 college students accomplished the investigation, of whom 2 483 (42.1% males and 57.9% females) received network education, while the other 4 879 (24.1% males and 75.9% females) did not. Approximately 47.1% of the male and 28.0% of the female students acquired sexual and reproductive knowledge via network education. Reproductive health-related network education significantly enriched the students' knowledge about the reproductive system and sex, pubertal development, sexual physiology, conception and embryonic development, methods of contraception, sexual psychology, sexually transmitted diseases and their prevention, pregnancy care and eugenics, and environment- and occupation-related reproductive health (P < 0.01). It also remarkably improved their cognitive attitude towards reproductive health knowledge (P < 0.01). Those who received reproductive health-related network education showed a significantly higher rate of masturbation (P < 0.01) but markedly later time of the first masturbation (P < 0.01) than those who did not.

CONCLUSIONNetwork education can enhance the effect of reproductive health education among college students and improve their sexual experience and health.

China ; Contraception ; Female ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Masturbation ; Pregnancy ; Reproduction ; Reproductive Health ; Sexual Behavior ; physiology ; psychology ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Universities

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of ketogenic diet (KD) on the clinical and electroencephalogram features in children with pharmacoresistant epileptic encephalopathy.

METHODThirty-one children (19 boys, 12 girls) aged 7 months to 7 years (mean 2 years 5 month) with epilepsy refractory to conventional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were included in this study. In addition to their original AED treatment, the children were assigned to different ketogenic diets based on their age. The prospective electro-clinical assessment was performed prior to the KD and then one week, one month and again 3 months after the initiation of therapy, respectively.

RESULTThe reduction of seizure frequency in 52%, 68% and 71% of all patients exceeded 50% one week, one month and three months after KD treatment respectively. KD is particularly effective in myoclonic astatic epilepsy (MAE; Doose Syndrome) and West syndrome with 100% and 81.25% of the patients having a greater than 50% seizure reduction, respectively. After 3 months of KD treatment, more than 2/3 patients experienced a reduction in interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and improvement in EEG background.

CONCLUSIONThe clinical and electroencephalographic improvement confirms that KD is beneficial in children with refractory epilepsy.

Anticonvulsants ; therapeutic use ; Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diet, Ketogenic ; methods ; Dietary Fats ; administration & dosage ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; diagnosis ; diet therapy ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability ; diet therapy ; drug therapy ; Lennox Gastaut Syndrome ; Male ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Spasms, Infantile ; diet therapy ; drug therapy ; Syndrome ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVESTo compare the outcomes after liver resection for a single small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (≤ 5 cm) between non-cirrhotic patients and cirrhotic patients, and to explore the influence of liver cirrhosis on recurrence and overall survival after liver resection in patients with a single small HCC.

METHODSA consecutive series of 256 patients with a single small HCC undergoing liver resection from April 2001 to October 2009 was retrospectively reviewed. Among the 256 patients, 227 patients were male, and 29 were female. The medium age was 49 years (ranged, 14 - 79 years); 224 (87.5%) patients were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, 241 (94.1%) patients were with preoperative liver function of Child-Pugh grade A. The entire cohort were divided into non-cirrhosis group (n = 44) and cirrhosis group (n = 212). Univariate analysis and then multivariate analysis were performed to determine the prognostic factors of recurrence and overall survival after liver resection for all patients.

RESULTSThe 1-, 3-, 5-year recurrence-free survival rates after liver resection were 93.0%, 85.3%, and 68.5%, respectively, in non-cirrhosis group, while 81.1%, 58.6%, and 45.0%, respectively, in cirrhosis group. The 1-, 3-, 5-year overall survival rates after liver resection were 100%, 92.5%, and 92.5%, respectively, in non-cirrhosis group, while 93.8%, 78.7%, and 67.8%, respectively, in cirrhosis group. Both the recurrence-free survival and overall survival of non-cirrhosis group were significantly better than those of cirrhosis group (χ(2) = 8.756, P = 0.003; χ(2) = 8.603, P = 0.003). Cirrhosis, absence of tumor capsule, presence of microvascular invasion and moderate/poor tumor differentiation were the independent adverse prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival and overall survival in patients with a single small HCC after liver resection.

CONCLUSIONSCirrhosis is an important adverse prognostic factor for long-term survival in patients with a single small HCC after liver resection. Liver resection resulted in much worse survival for cirrhotic patients compared to non-cirrhotic patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; complications ; mortality ; pathology ; Female ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; mortality ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; complications ; mortality ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of CACNA1C that encoded the alc subunit of the L-type calcium channel and the efficacy of calcium channel blocker (CCB,Nifedipine extended release tablet/20 mg/d)in essential hypertension(EH)patients of Han Chinese in Wenzhou.Methods For the enrolled 103 EH patients,Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction(Muhi PCR)and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight MS(MLD1-TOF MS)were performed to detect their genotypes(rs216008,rs1051375,rs2299661,rs10848683,rs215976),blood pressure(BP)after CCB monotherapy was compared among patients with different genotypes.Results(1)Blood pressure was significantly reduced in all patients post CCB(P ＜ 0.05 vs.pre-CCB).(2)Diastolic blood pressure reduction was more significant in subjects with rs2299661 C/C genotype(wild genotype)than in subjects with rs2299661C/G and rs2299661G/G genotype(mutational genotype)[(12.46 ± 7.91)mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)vs.(7.22±8.01)mm Hgand(5.93 ± 9.77)mm Hg,P＜0.05].(3)Systolic blood pressure reduction was more significant in subjects with rs216008 C/C genotype(wild genotype)than in subjects with rs216008 C/T genotype(mutational genotype)[(20.60 ± 12.35)mm Hg vs.(13.62 ±10.21)mm Hg,P ＜0.05].(4)Blood pressure reduction was similar between subjects with genotype of rs1051375,rs10848683 and rs215976.Conclusion EH patients with wild genotype of rs2299661 and rs216008 in CACNA1 C are more likely to be responders of CCB monotherapy.

Bone Diseases ; etiology ; surgery ; Chronic Disease ; Epidermal Cyst ; etiology ; surgery ; Femur ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteomyelitis ; complications

OBJECTIVETo design ABC damage variable and positioning system for acetabular fracture and explore the feasibility and clinical practical value of the system through the multi-center analysis of 1122 acetabular fractures.

METHODSAccording to acetabular three-column conception, and pelvic ring lesions damage direction caused by acetabular fracture domino effect and injury degree of proximal femur joint, it defined class A as any column acetabular fracture; class B as any two-column acetabular fracture; class C as front, dome and posterior mixture acetabular fracture. Lower case English letters a, m, p represented front, dome, posterior fracture, respectively. Acetabular damage variables: 1 was simple displaced fractures; 2 was comminuted fractures; 3 was compression fractures. Pelvic ring lesions damage variables: alpha was sacroiliac joints or sacroiliac fracture horizontal separation deflection; beta was sacroiliac joints or sacroiliac fracture vertical separation deflection; gamma was pubic symphysis separation/superior and inferior ramus of pubis fracture deflection; alpha beta gamma delta was compound floating damage. Proximal humerus joint damage variables: I was femoral head fracture; II was femoral neck fracture; II was intertrochanteric fractures of femur; IV was I to III compound fracture. The ABC damage variable positioning system for acetabular fracture was made up by the above-mentioned variables. The statistics from March 1997 to February 2010 showed 1122 cases acetabular fractures with 18 cases of double side acetabular fracture and 1140 cases of acetabular fractures. The pelvics anterior-posterior view, ilium and obturator oblique view, and 2/3D-CT materials were analyzed and researched.

RESULTSEach damage variables distribution situation in 1140 cases of acetabular fracture involved A in 237 cases (20.8%), B in 605 cases (53.1%), C in 298 cases (26.1%);front column fracture in 808 cases(70.9%), dome fracture in 507 cases (44.5%), posterior fracture in 1026 cases (90%). Acetabular variables: variabe 1 in 203 cases of simple displaced fracture (17.8%); variabe 2 in 516 cases of comminuted fracture(45.3%); variabe 3 in 421 cases of compression fracture (36.9%); 249 cases of pelvic ring lesions damage (21.8%), 75 cases femoral head fracture (6.6%); 18 cases of double side acetabular fracture and relative pelvic ring and proximal humerus joint variables (1.58%). Key part and curative effect elements of 1140 cases acetabular fracture: 507 cases of dome or posterior acetabular fracture (44.5%); 421 cases of compression fracture (36.9%); 249 cases of pelvic ring variables (21.8%); 75 cases of proximal humerus joint variables (6.6%); 486 cases of simple Aa/pl/2,Bapl/2 acetabular fracture (42.6% ).

CONCLUSIONCompression fracture, especially defected compression fracture, takes important part in acetabular damage variables, and also presents that acetabular fracture with pelvic ring and proximal femoral damage variables are not rare at all. The relationship of the acetabular fracture damage variables, and its percentage shows the key points and elements in clinical treatment: weight-bearing to dome accounts for 44.5%; compression to defects account for 36.9%, pelvic ring to float accounts for 21.8%; dome fracture to double side fracture account for 6.6%. The system has significant guiding effects on clinic in terms of evaluation of injury severity, anatomic localization, difficulty index, alternative strategy, operative approach, effect of treatment,and prognosis. And the most important thing is that the system creates the comparison of damage variables in same type of fracture and the communication of homo-language and explores a new method.

Acetabulum ; injuries ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; classification ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Informatics ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

Objective To study the integrated monitoring program regarding mouse and plague, hemorrhagic fever of renal syndrome(HFRS)and leptospirosis. Methods Integrated monitoring plan was used. A designated office coordinated 5 departments' actions within the Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC). Cage-trapping method was conducted to monitor the density of mice from June to October, respectively. Results Lishui municipal CDC had finished the integrated monitoring program on mouse and mouse-borne disease while the Longyou CDC had finished the field investigation, using the integrated monitoring program.Specimens were sent to provincial CDC. The integrated monitoring program needed more number of personnel and better coordination. Lishui reported 3 leptospirosis cases and 58 HFRS cases in 2009,with the incidence rates as 0.13 and 2.44 per 100 000, respectively. Longyou reported 2 leptospirosis case and 1 HFRS cases in 2009, with the incidence rates as 0.49 and 0.25 per 100 000, respectively.Lishui and Longyou had no plague case. Lishui caught 91 mice in 2009 and the density was 4.17%.Longyou caught 37 mice in 2009, with the density as 1.18 percent. Most mice caught from Lishui were Apodemus agrarius and the next was Mus musculus. In Longyou the Rattus tanezumi ranked the first, followed by Apodemus agrarius. The positive rate of HFRS antigen in Lishui and Longyou were 10.42% and 4.59% respectively. The positive rate of HFRS antibody in Longyou was 3.70%. The culture positive rate of leptospirosis in mouse renal of Lishui and Longyou were 0 and 0.98%respectively. The culture positive rate of leptospirosis in pig renal, duck renal, frog renal and cattle urine of Longyou was 0. The culture positive rate of leptospirosis in duck blood of Longyou was 80%.Conclusion The integrated monitoring program on mouse and mouse-borne disease seemed to be feasible and could promote the integrated surveillance and control program on mouse and mouse-borne diseases in China.