Objective To analyze the trend of global cellulitis disease burden from 1990 to 2019, and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of cellulitis disease. Methods The Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD2021) data were collected, and data on the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) of cellulitis were analyzed for each country worldwide. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and age-standardized rate (ASR) were used to estimate the trend change of cellulitis from 1990 to 2021. Results The global burden of cellulitis increased significantly in 2021, with 55.96 million cases, 28.9 million deaths and 876.1 million DALYs, respectively. Incidence and mortality rates were generally higher in males than in females. The incidence and DALYs were higher in high SDI regions, with the highest burden observed in South Asia. In contrast, East Asia exhibited the lowest burden and demonstrated a declining trend. There were significant differences between countries, with India having the highest prevalence, the United States having the highest incidence, and Bahrain having the fastest growing rate.In 2021, China had the lowest age-standardised incidence of cellulitis in the world and the fastest declining age-standardised incidence and age-standardised DALYs. Conclusion The global disease burden of cellulitis is increasing from 1990-2021, and cellulitis remains an an important global public health problem. Targeted preventive meausres should be taken in areas with different economical levels. Men, middle-aged and elderly people, and newborns are the key groups in need of attention and health education.

Objective To analyze the trend of global cellulitis disease burden from 1990 to 2019, and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of cellulitis disease. Methods The Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD2021) data were collected, and data on the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) of cellulitis were analyzed for each country worldwide. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and age-standardized rate (ASR) were used to estimate the trend change of cellulitis from 1990 to 2021. Results The global burden of cellulitis increased significantly in 2021, with 55.96 million cases, 28.9 million deaths and 876.1 million DALYs, respectively. Incidence and mortality rates were generally higher in males than in females. The incidence and DALYs were higher in high SDI regions, with the highest burden observed in South Asia. In contrast, East Asia exhibited the lowest burden and demonstrated a declining trend. There were significant differences between countries, with India having the highest prevalence, the United States having the highest incidence, and Bahrain having the fastest growing rate.In 2021, China had the lowest age-standardised incidence of cellulitis in the world and the fastest declining age-standardised incidence and age-standardised DALYs. Conclusion The global disease burden of cellulitis is increasing from 1990-2021, and cellulitis remains an an important global public health problem. Targeted preventive meausres should be taken in areas with different economical levels. Men, middle-aged and elderly people, and newborns are the key groups in need of attention and health education.

In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors are a milestone in the treatment of lung cancer. There are many kinds of immune checkpoints, which are closely related to the efficacy and drug resis-tance of immunotherapy, including programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR), T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3), etc. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have been approved by China National Medical Products Administration and U. S. Food and Drug Administration for the first-line treatment of lung cancer, which can improve overall survival and progression-free survival of patients. The double immunotherapies of CTLA-4 inhibitors or TIGIT inhibitors combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors also achieve good results, however, more serious adverse events may occur.The KIR and TIM-3 targets are closely related to the drug resistance of immunotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) after abdominal surgery and to further evaluate the related risk factors of SSI in China. METHODS: The multicenter cross-sectional study collected clinical data of all adult patients who underwent abdominal surgery from May 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018 in 30 domestic hospitals, including basic information, perioperative parameters, and incisional microbial culture results. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI within postoperative 30 days. SSI was classified into superficial incision infection, deep incision infection, and organ/gap infection according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria. The secondary outcome variables were ICU stay, postoperative hospital stay, total hospital stay, 30-day mortality and treatment costs. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of SSI. RESULTS: A total of 1666 patients were enrolled in the study, including 263 cases of East War Zone Hospital of PLA, 140 cases of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 108 cases of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 87 cases of Central War Zone Hospital of PLA, 77 cases of West China Hospital, 74 cases of Guangdong General Hospital, 71 cases of Chenzhou First People's Hospital, 71 cases of Zigong First People's Hospital, 64 cases of Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, 56 cases of Nanyang City Central Hospital, 56 cases of Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, 56 cases of Shandong Provincial Hospital, 52 cases of Shangqiu First People's Hospital, 52 cases of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 48 cases of The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 48 cases of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 44 cases of Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 38 cases of Hunan Province People's Hospital, 36 cases of Dongguan Kanghua Hospital, 30 cases of Shaoxing Central Hospital, 30 cases of Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, 29 vases of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 27 cases of General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 22 cases of Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, 21 cases of The Second Hospital of University of South China, 18 cases of Tongji Hospital, 15 cases of Nanchong Central Hospital, 12 cases of The 901th Hospital of PLA, 11 cases of Hunan Cancer Hospital, 10 cases of Lanzhou University Second Hospital. There were 1019 males and 647 females with mean age of (56.5±15.3) years old. SSI occurred in 80 patients (4.8%) after operation, including 39 cases of superficial incision infection, 16 cases of deep incision infection, and 25 cases of organ/interstitial infection. Escherichia coli was the main pathogen of SSI, and the positive rate was 32.5% (26/80). Compared with patients without SSI, those with SSI had significantly higher ICU occupancy rate [38.8%(31/80) vs. 13.9%(220/1586), P<0.001], postoperative hospital stay (median 17 days vs. 7 days, P<0.001) and total hospital stay (median 22 days vs. 13 days, P<0.001), and significantly higher cost of treatment (median 75 000 yuan vs. 44 000 yuan, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that male rise(OR=2.110, 95%CI:1.175-3.791, P=0.012), preoperative blood glucose level rise(OR=1.100, 95%CI: 1.012-1.197, P=0.026), operative time (OR=1.006, 95%CI:1.003-1.009, P<0.001) and surgical incision grade (clean-contaminated incision:OR=10.207, 95%CI:1.369-76.120, P=0.023; contaminated incision: OR=10.617, 95%CI:1.298-86.865, P=0.028; infection incision: OR=20.173, 95%CI:1.768-230.121, P=0.016) were risk factors for SSI; and laparoscopic surgery (OR=0.348, 95%CI:0.192-0.631, P=0.001) and mechanical bowel preparation(OR=0.441,95%CI:0.221-0.879, P=0.020) were protective factors for SSI. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of postoperative SSI in patients with abdominal surgery in China is 4.8%. SSI can significantly increase the medical burden of patients. Preoperative control of blood glucose and mechanical bowel preparation are important measures to prevent SSI.
Abdomen ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; General Surgery ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Preoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Surgical Wound Infection ; prevention & control

Hermanski-Pudlak Syndrome ; complications ; Humans ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure ; complications

AIM:To investigate the synergistic anti-proliferation effect of aspirin and 5-fluorouracil on the co-lon cancer cells and its mechanism .METHODS: Colon cancer cells were divided into 4 groups: control group , aspirin group, 5-fluorouracil group and aspirin +5-fluorouracil group .Synergistic anti-proliferation effect of aspirin and 5-fluoroura-cil on the colon cancer cells was observed by MTT assay .Apoptosis-inducing effect and mechanism were detected by Hoechst 33258 staining, caspase activity assay and flow cytometry analysis .The mRNA and protein levels of apoptosis-re-lated proteins were evaluated by real-time PCR and Western blotting .RESULTS:5-Fluorouracil inhibited proliferation of HCT116 and SW620 colon cancer cells effectively , and low concentration of aspirin exerted synergistic inhibitory effect .5-Fluorouracil induced apoptotic morphology and increased caspase activity and sub -G1 phase in HCT116 cells.The synergis-tic effect of aspirin obviously enhanced apoptotic ratio and caspase activity .Moreover , 5-fluorouracil inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2, which was amplified by low concentration of aspirin .CONCLUSION:Aspirin and 5-flu-orouracil had a synergistic anti-proliferation effect on the colon cancer cells through apoptosis pathway .

Objective To observe the behavior and the changes of neurologic and his-topathologic structure of rats injected lidocaine-bupivacaine mixtures in different ratio.Methods Af-ter successful intrathecal catherization and positive lidocaine test,48 rats were randomly allocated into 6 groups with 8 rats in each group.Rats received intrathecally NS (group S),mixture of 2.5% lido-caine and 1.875% bupivacaine (group LB13),3.33%lidocaine and 1.67% bupivacaine (group LB12),5% lidocaine and 1.25% bupivacaine (group LB11),6.67% lidocaine and 0.83% bupiv-acaine (group LB21),or 7.5% lidocaine and 0.625% bupivacaine (group LB31).TFL and PWT on consecutive 4 days,recovery time of lower limbs and the pathologic changes in the spinal cord by method of microscopy and electron scope were observed by a blind investigator.Results TFL in group LB31was significantly longer(P <0.05)and hind legs motor function and recover time pro-longed obviously in group LB31;Edema vacuolar degeneration and interstitial edema in white matter of posterior horn of spinal cord were found in group LB31.The histopathologic score was obviously higher in group LB31 compared with other groups (P <0.05).On transmission electroscope,differ-ent levels of ultrastructural changes were found in all groups except in group S .Typical changes included interstitial edema ,loosening of the laminae of myelinated fibers , axon swelling and local degeneration with most serious injury in group LB31.Conclusion The spi-nal injury following intrathecal local anesthetics mixtures was more serious with higher concentration of lidocaine in the mixture.Lidocaine concentration lower than 5% mixed with 1.25% bupivacaine intrathecally induces no obvious spinal neurotoxicity.

Objective To observe the behavior and the changes of neurologic and his-topathologic structure of rats injected lidocaine-bupivacaine mixtures in different ratio.Methods Af-ter successful intrathecal catherization and positive lidocaine test,48 rats were randomly allocated into 6 groups with 8 rats in each group.Rats received intrathecally NS (group S),mixture of 2.5% lido-caine and 1.875% bupivacaine (group LB13),3.33%lidocaine and 1.67% bupivacaine (group LB12),5% lidocaine and 1.25% bupivacaine (group LB11),6.67% lidocaine and 0.83% bupiv-acaine (group LB21),or 7.5% lidocaine and 0.625% bupivacaine (group LB31).TFL and PWT on consecutive 4 days,recovery time of lower limbs and the pathologic changes in the spinal cord by method of microscopy and electron scope were observed by a blind investigator.Results TFL in group LB31was significantly longer(P <0.05)and hind legs motor function and recover time pro-longed obviously in group LB31;Edema vacuolar degeneration and interstitial edema in white matter of posterior horn of spinal cord were found in group LB31.The histopathologic score was obviously higher in group LB31 compared with other groups (P <0.05).On transmission electroscope,differ-ent levels of ultrastructural changes were found in all groups except in group S .Typical changes included interstitial edema ,loosening of the laminae of myelinated fibers , axon swelling and local degeneration with most serious injury in group LB31.Conclusion The spi-nal injury following intrathecal local anesthetics mixtures was more serious with higher concentration of lidocaine in the mixture.Lidocaine concentration lower than 5% mixed with 1.25% bupivacaine intrathecally induces no obvious spinal neurotoxicity.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of primary gastroin- testinal malignant lymphoma(PGML).Methods Twenty-two PGML patients were collected from January 1999 to December 2004,and their clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis were analyzed,Results Among the 22 cases,PGMI commonly attacked stomach,ileocecal region and colon respectively,and the main clinical mani- festations were abdominal pain and bloody stools.50 % of the patients were confirmed by endoscopic biopsy.The pa~ tients treated by operation and chemotherapy turned to better to different extents.Conclusion PGML lacks specific manifestations,thus it has higher rate of misdiagnosis.There are good responses to the assistant chemotherapy and radiotherapy.