Burn medicine of China started in 1958. Great progress has been achieved in discipline construction, scientific research, clinical treatment level, and talent team construction in 60 years. A large number of severely burned patients have been successfully treated, and plans for treatment of burn patients with Chinese characteristics have been established with world-leading treatment level. At the same time, in the continuous improvement of clinical treatment level, extensive experimental researches for the key scientific problems in clinical treatment of burn patients have been conducted, and a large number of innovative research results have been achieved by Chinese burn medicine workers. The theoretical research of burn medicine in China has stepped into advanced ranks of the world. Burn medicine will confront development opportunity and tough challenge in the future. We can take advantage of wound repair of burn discipline to deal with the situation of decreasing incidence of burn and undiminished importance of burn medicine. To establish and improve the chain of burn treatment is an important direction for burn discipline development in the future.

Objective To investigate CT signs of peripheral small cell lung cancer (SCLC).Methods The CT signs of 78 patients with SCLC confirmed by pathology were retrospectively reviewed.According to the presence of mediastinal lymph node metastasis and its size, 78 cases of peripheral SCLC were divided into two types: typeⅠ(isolated lesion) and typeⅡ(lung lesion + lymph nodes).Type Ⅱwere divided into two subtypes:type Ⅱa (short diameter of lymph nodes of pulmonary hilar and mediastinum less than 10 mm) and type Ⅱ b (short diameter of lymph nodes of pulmonary hilar and mediastinum greater than or equal to 10 mm).Results Of the 78 SCLCs, typeⅠwas 7 cases, and typeⅡwas 71 cases,including 8 cases of typeⅡa and 63 cases of typeⅡb.All of the lesions were soild density.The shape were round or oval in 52 cases, vermicular or spindlein 9 cases, and other shapes in 17 cases.Among 71 cases performed CT enhancement, there were 9 cases with homogeneous enhancement, 58 cases with heterogeneous enhancement, 4 cases with non-enhancement large necrosis area.These cases showed the following CT signs: smooth edge in 65 cases, coarse edge in 12 cases, blurred edge in 1 case;air bronchogram in 3 cases, vacuole sign in 4 cases, calcification in 4 cases;lobulation sign in 46 cases, spiculated sign in 5 cases;thickening of the bronchovascular bundle in 41 cases, pleural indentation in 6 cases, marginal ground-glass opacity in 5 cases, vascular convergence sign in 1 case;emphysema in 42 cases;obstructive pneumonia in 4 cases;bronchus abruptly interruption on the edge of the nodules in 18 cases;enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes in 63 cases, the diameter of mediastinal lymph nodes larger than the primary lesions in 42 cases;and a little pleural effusion in 9 cases.Conclusion Solid density, smooth margin with lobulation,and significantly enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes are common signs in peripheral SCLC.Thickening of the bronchovascular bundle indicates reletively advanced stage.

Objective To investigate the genetic mutation of the norA gene and its promotor from the wild-type drug-resistance Staphylococeus aureus(S.aureus)strains. Methods A total of 10 antibiotic-resistant S.aureus strains were isolated and screened from the burn wound for the sequencing and analysis of the nora gene and its promoter. Results There isolated 87 S.aureus strains from the burn wound flora,which were completely sensitive to vacomycin,highly sensitive to Quinupristin and Nitrofurantoin,but highly resistant to the other antibiotics,even up to91.7% of MRSA.There found the same point mutation(G→A) located at 1 349 sites of the norA gene coding region in all the S.aureus strains,saying that the amino acid was changed from Gly(glycin)to Asp(agpartic acid) in 291 sites.The resetpine reverse test showed that the MICs value of three antibiotics was lowered at various degrees in all 10strains.Conclusion NorA gene mutation is one of the mechanisms for antibiotic-resistance of S.aureus.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of mastoparan-1 (MP-1) antagonizing lipopolysaecharide (LPS) in vitro. Methods The affinity of MP-1 for lipid A was assayed by biosensor, and the neutralization of MP-1 on LPS (2 μg/L) was detected by kinetic turbidimetric limulus test. After exposing fluorescin isothiecyanate (FITC) labeled LPS (FITC-LPS) to MP-1 at different concentrations (5, 10, 20, 40 μmol/L), the binding of FITC-LPS to murine RAW264.7 cells was analyzed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The influence of MP-1 on TLR4 expression in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS (100 μg/L) was detected by immunoeytochemieal staining. The expressions of TLR4, TNF-α and IL-6 at the gene and protein level were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA after exposing LPS (100 μg/ L) stimulated RAW264.7 cells to MP-1 at different concentrations. The effect of MP-1 on the viability of RAW264.7 cells was detected by MTT assay. Results MP-1 had high affinity to lipid A and could neutralize LPS. MP-1 at 10 μmol/L significantly inhibited not only binding of FITC-LPS to RAW264.7 (P < 0.05), but also protein and gene expressions of TLR4, TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). No toxic effect of MP-1 on the viability of RAW264.7 cells was found (P > 0.05). Conclusions MP-1 inhibits cell viability mediated by LPS, which may be related to its neutralization of LPS and inhibition of binding of LPS to RAW264.7 cell membrane receptors.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the content of tobramycin in Tobramycin Dexamethasone Eye Drops by HPLC-ELSD.METHODS: The sample was separated on VP-ODS C18 column.The mobile phase was 1.0% trifluoroacetic acid-methanol(95∶5) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The drift tube temprature was 45 ℃;the pressure of nebulizing gas was 3.5 bar,and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm.RESULTS: The liner range of tobramycin was 156.0～436.0 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 7).The limit of detection was 0.523 ?g and the limit of quantification was 1.744 ?g.The average recovery was 99.57%(RSD=0.92%).CONCLUSION: The method is accurate,reliable,specific,and suitable for the quality control of Tobramycin Dexamethasone Eye Drops.

According to differentiating syndrome and dividing patter, 41 cases of Facial Chloasma by Auricular Pressure in Shen ( MA-AH), Fei ( MA-IC 1 ), Neifenmi ( MA-IC 3 ), Luanchao ( MA-AT), Mianjia (MA-L) and Xia' erbei(MA-IC), the total effective rate was 87.8%.

Objective To evaluate the endotoxin-neutralizing activity of modeling peptides from the limulus antilipopolysaccharide factor (MPLALFs, Ms) in vitro. Methods The endotoxin-binding activity of Ms was examined by biosensor technique and shown in values of Kon and Kd. The endotoxin-neutralizing effect was analyzed by limulus amebocyte lysate test. Results The biosensor technique results showed that the Kon values of M_0, M_1, M_2, M_3, M_4, M_6, M_8 and M_ 10 binding to LPS 055∶B5 were (840?5.716), (549?6.532), (842?6.530), (627?2.450), (996?5.716), (814?8.982), (556?1.633) and (635?2.449) arc second, of which M_4 and M_1 had the highest and lowest endotoxin-binding activity, respectively. The M_4 reacted to LPS with a Kd of 72.377 ?mol/L. The results obtained by the limulus amebocyte lysate test were the same with those from the biosensor technique. Conclusion M_4 has a potential good endotoxin-neutralizing effect in vitro.

Objective To study the effect of Bifidobacterium spent culture supernatant (SCS) on adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to intestinal epithelial cells. Methods The intestinal epithelial cells were cultured,then divided into three groups: control,Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion group,SCS and Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion group. The effects of SCS on cell viability,the number of adhering and invasive bacteria were evaluated with MTT assay and lysis-counting assay in 1,3,6 h. Results At 3 h after SCS treatment,the amount of Pseudomonas aeruginosa decreased significantly,and the number of adhering and invasive bacteria decreased by 71% and 87% respectively. Conclusion SCS could protect the intestinal epithelial cells by inhibiting the adhesion and invasion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the potential role of intestinal bifidobacteria in the pathogenesis of gut-origin bacteria/endotoxin translocation in scalded rats.

METHODSWistar rats inflicted with 30% III degree scalding on the back were employed as the model with the rats undergoing sham injury as the control. The intestinal bacteria/endotoxin translocation and the changes in cecal mucosal microflora were determined by routine methods. And the plasma IL-6 concentration was measured with ELISA.

RESULTSThe incident of bacterial translocation into internal organs increased markedly in scalded rats (P = 0.001). The plasma LPS levels on 1, 3 and 5 postburn days (PBDs) in scalded rat group were much higher than those in sham injury group. The number of bifidobacteria decreased sharply 20 - 250 fold, the fungi increased 5 - 60 fold and E. coli increased 0.5 - 30 fold in the caecal mucosal microflora in the scalding group. The ratio of bifidobacteria to E. coli in the scalding group (4 - 800:1) was much lower than that in the sham injury group (25000:1). Furthermore, the plasma IL-6 level increased evidently in the scalding group. It was indicated by further analysis that compared with the rats without bacterial translocation, the bifidobacteria decreased 120 fold, the fungal number increased 50 fold and the E. coli number increased 30 fold in the scalded rats. The bifidobacterial number in the caecal mucosal microflora was negatively correlated with the plasma concentrations of IL-6 and LPS (P < 0.01) in the scalding rat group, and the plasma concentration of IL-6 was significantly and positively correlated with that of LPS.

CONCLUSIONSevere scalding injury could lead to an the imbalance of intestinal microflora and the increased intestinal translocation of bacteria and LPS. The decrease of the ratio and number of bifidobacteria in the caecal mucosal microflora might be a contribute to the occurrence of postburn intestinal bacteria/endotoxin translocation.

Animals ; Bacterial Infections ; blood ; microbiology ; Bacterial Translocation ; physiology ; Bifidobacterium ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Burns ; microbiology ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Escherichia coli ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Female ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Intestines ; microbiology ; Kidney ; microbiology ; Lipopolysaccharides ; metabolism ; Liver ; microbiology ; Lymph Nodes ; microbiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spleen ; microbiology ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo explore the modulating effects mediated by recombinant IkappaBalpha gene by adenovirus vector transfection on the NF-kappaB activity of hepatic tissue in scalded rats.

METHODSAfter being primed by recombinant defect adenovirus (AdIkappaBalpha) vector, the rats were scalded. The hepatic tissue was harvested at different time points and the nuclear protein was extracted and reacted with [r(-23) P] ATP labelled NF-kB specific probe. NF-Kb/DNA combining activity was determined with electrophoretic mobility shifty assay (EMSA). The total RNA in hepatic tissue was extracted and the expressions of IL-1beta and TNFalpha mRNA were determined with RT-PCR.

RESULTSWhen compared to those in normal control, the NF-kappaB/DNA combining activity increased significantly in scalded rats at half an hour after scalding, and it lasted for 24 PBDs with rather strong activity. But in AdIkappaBalpha priming group, the rat NF-kappaB/DNA binding activity was slightly higher than that of normal control group, but was obviously lower than that of scalding group.

CONCLUSIONThe intracellular NF-kappaB in hepatic tissue was activated rapidly after that the rats were severely scalded, and the expression of IL-1beta and TNFalpha was enhanced significantly simultaneously. Priming of AdIkappaBalpha could evidently inhibit the activation of hepatic tissue NF-kB in rats injured by severe scalding, and down-regulated the expressions of IL-1beta and TNFalpha.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; Burns ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapy ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; I-kappa B Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Interleukin-1 ; genetics ; Liver ; metabolism ; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transfection ; methods ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics