After continuous development and improvement, lung transplantation has become the preferred means to treat a variety of benign end-stage lung diseases. However, the field of lung transplantation still faces many challenges, including shortage of donor resources, preservation and maintenance of donor lungs, and postoperative complications. Lung tissue samples removed after lung transplantation are excellent clinical resources for the study of benign end-stage lung disease and perioperative complications of lung transplantation. However, at present, the collection, storage and utilization of tissue samples after lung transplantation are limited to a single study, and unified technical specifications have not been formed. Based on the construction plan of the biobank for lung transplantation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, this study reviewed the practical experience in the collection, storage and utilization of lung transplant tissue samples in the aspects of ethical review, staffing, collection process, storage method, quality control and efficient utilization, in order to provide references for lung transplant related research.

Objective To assess the potential role of disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) in pan-cancer on prognosis and immunity on the basis of bioinformatics approaches. Methods Pan-cancer RNA-seq data, mutation profiles, clinical information, TMB, MSI, stemness scores, and tumor and immune microenvironment data contained in TCGA and various open-source online databases, and multi-group R-language algorithms were used for comprehensive analysis. The expression levels of DRGs at the cellular level were experimentally validated using qPCR. Results LRPPRC, NCKAP1, NDUFS1, and NUBPL had a better prognosis in renal clear cell carcinoma (P<0.001), whereas SLC7A11, NCKAP1, and SLC3A2 had a worse prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (P<0.001). TME analysis showed that LRPPRC was negatively correlated with immune cells, stromal cells, and estimated scores in all tumor types. TMB analysis revealed the potential research value of DRGs for PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in pan-cancer. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that SLC7A11 (r=0.454), SLC3A2 (r=0.366), and NCKAP1 (r=0.455) were significantly associated with Kahalide F (P<0.01). Experimental validation demonstrated the overall higher expression levels of GYS1 and NCKAP1 than normal cells in lung adenocarcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, esophageal squamous carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma (P<0.05). Conclusion Pan-cancer analysis of DRGs indicates that DRGs may serve as important biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of renal clear-cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Supercooling preservation technology, as a groundbreaking innovation in the field of organ preservation, significantly reduces the metabolic rate of cells and inhibits ice crystal formation by placing organs in a low-temperature environment near or below the freezing point. This technology extends the preservation time of organs and maintains their biological activity. Compared with the traditional low-temperature preservation at 4 °C, supercooling preservation effectively avoids cell damage and the accumulation of metabolic products, demonstrating significant advantages in the preservation of cells, tissues and organs. In recent years, important progress has been made in the optimization of cryoprotectants, the application of antifreeze proteins, the improvement of vitrification technology, and the development of nanotechnology-based rewarming techniques. These advancements provide new pathways to address the challenges of toxicity, ice crystal formation and uneven rewarming rates during supercooling preservation. This review summarizes the basic principles of supercooling preservation, the application of key technologies, and their practical effects in organ transplantation. It also analyzes the challenges of toxicity and rewarming efficiency, aiming to provide theoretical support and research directions for the future optimization of organ low-temperature preservation technology and its clinical application.

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Baihe Yuzi prescription （BYP） on the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator （CFTR）， aquaporin （AQP）， zinc/iron-regulated transporter-like protein （ZIP） and local oxidative stress in epididymis of oligoasthenozoospermia （OAS） rats， and to explore the mechanism of its intervention in OAS. MethodAfter 35 rats were acclimatized for 1 week， 7 rats were randomly selected as the normal group， and the remaining 28 rats were given tripterygium glycosides （TG） 30 mg·kg^-1. After 4 weeks of modeling， they were randomly divided into 4 groups： model group， BYP low-dose group （LBYP）， BYP high-dose group （HBYP） and levocarnitine group， with 7 rats in each group. The rats in the normal group and model group were given normal saline at the same dosage. The levocarnitine group rats were given L-carnitine oral liquid （100 mg·kg^-1） by gavage. The LBYP group rats were given BYP 6.3 g·kg^-1， and the HBYP group rats were given BYP 12.6 g·kg^-1 by gavage once a day for consecutive 4 weeks. After the end of the intervention， sperm count and motility of all rats were detected， the histopathological structure of epididymis was observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， and the expressions of CFTR， AQP9， AQP3， ZIP8， ZIP12 and other proteins were detected by Western blot. The contents of α-glycosidase （α-GC）， sialic acid （SA）， carnitine， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） and malondialdehyde （MDA） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Total zinc content was measured using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Free zinc ion content was detected by zinc ion probes. ResultCompared with those in the normal group， the sperm count and motility of rats were decreased and the epididymal structure was disordered in the model group. The contents of α-GC and carnitine were decreased in epididymis （P<0.05）. MDA levels were increased， while SOD， GSH-Px and zinc levels were decreased （P<0.05）. The expressions of CFTR and ZIP12 in the head and cauda of the epididymis were down-regulated， and AQP3 expression was up-regulated. The expression of ZIP8 in the cauda epididymis was up-regulated （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， BYP can significantly improve the sperm count and motility， the epididymal structure of OAS rats and the levels of α-GC and carnitine （P<0.05）. The expressions of CFTR and ZIP12 in the head and cauda of the epididymis were up-regulated， while the expressions of ZIP8 in the cauda epididymis and AQP3 in the head of the epididymis were decreased （P<0.05）. The SOD and GSH-Px levels and total zinc content in epididymis were increased， and the MDA levels were decreased （P<0.05）. ConclusionBYP may improve the sperm quality and repair epididymal tissue structure and function of OAS rats， by regulating the expressions of CFTR， AQP3， and ZIP12 ion channels and local antioxidant mechanism.

ObjectiveTo explore the protective effect of polysaccharide from Inonotus obliquus （IOP） on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced acute lung injury （ALI） in mice. MethodA total of 40 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal group， model group， dexamethasone group， and high-dose and low-dose IOP groups， with eight mice in each group. The high-dose and low-dose IOP groups were administered intragastrically with IOP at 20 and 10 mg·kg^-1， respectively. The normal group and the model group were intragastrically administered with normal saline in equal volumes， and the dexamethasone group was intraperitoneally injected with dexamethasone phosphate injection of 30 mg·kg^-1 for 21 days. An ALI mouse model induced by LPS was constructed， and hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， immunofluorescence staining， and blood routine were used to detect pathological damage of lung tissue and blood cell content. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were used to detect the expression levels of various inflammatory factors. Changes in gut microbiota and plasma differential metabolites in mice were detected using 16S rRNA sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）. ResultCompared with the model group， the lung tissue lesions of ALI mice were significantly improved after IOP administration， and the spleen and thymus index were dramatically increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The ratio of wet-to-dry weight of lung tissue was sensibly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the number of lymphocytes was substantially increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The number of neutrophils was markedly decreased （P<0.01）. The expression level of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-8 （IL-8）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB）， and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 （NLRP3） decreased prominently （P<0.05， P<0.01） and the expression level of interleukin-10 （IL-10） increased memorably （P<0.01）. The 16S rRNA sequencing results show that IOP can regulate and improve intestinal microbial disorders. The UPLC-Q-TOF-MS results indicate that the treatment of ALI mice with IOP may involve pathways related to mitochondrial， sugar， and amino acid metabolism， such as nucleotide sugar metabolism， histidine metabolism， ubiquinone， and other terpenoid compound-quinone biosynthesis， as well as starch and sucrose metabolism. ConclusionThe improvement of lung tissue lesions and inflammatory response by IOP in ALI mice may be related to maintaining intestinal microbiota balance， regulating mitochondrial electron oxidation respiratory chain， as well as sugar and amino acid metabolism pathways， and affecting the production of related microbial metabolites and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between cumulative triglyceride （cumTG） exposure and the risk of acute pancreatitis （AP）. MethodsA prospective study was conducted for a cohort of 56 883 workers from Kailuan Group who participated in annual physical examination for three consecutive times in 2006-2010 （2006， 2008， and 2010） and had complete TG data without the medical history of AP. According to the quartiles of cumTG calculated， the subjects were divided into four groups （Q1， Q2， Q3， and Q4 groups）， and general information was compared between the two groups. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups， and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of continuous data with skewed distribution between multiple groups； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot the survival curve and calculate the cumulative incidence rate of AP， and the Log-rank test was used for comparison between groups； the Cox regression model was used to analyze the effect of different cumTG levels on new-onset AP events. ResultsAfter follow-up for 10.51±1.76 years， there were 158 AP events in total， with a total incidence density of 2.64 per 10 000 person-years， and the number of cases and incidence density in the Q1， Q2， Q3， and Q4 groups were 29 cases （1.93 per 10 000 person-years）， 34 cases （2.27 per 10 000 person-years）， 30 cases （2.01 per 10 000 person-years）， and 65 cases （4.37 per 10 000 person-years）. The Log-rank test showed that there was a significant difference in cumulative incidence rate between groups （χ²=22.41， P<0.001）. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that compared with the Q1 group， the Q4 group had a significantly higher risk of AP （hazard ratio ［HR］=1.94， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.20‍ ‍—‍ 3.13， P=0.01）. Compared with cumulative triglyceride exposure for 0 year， cumulative triglyceride exposure for 4 and 6 years significantly increased the risk of AP， with an HR value of 2.04 （95%CI： 1.26‍ ‍—‍ 3.30， P<0.01） and 3.20 （95%CI： 1.98‍ ‍—‍ 5.17， P<0.01）， respectively. After exclusion of the AP cases that occurred during the 2-year follow-up， the repeated multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the Q4 group had an HR value of 1.96 （95%CI： 1.23‍ ‍—‍ 3.12， P<0.01） for the onset of AP， and after exclusion of the death cases during follow-up， the repeated multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the Q4 group had an HR value of 1.85 （95%CI： 1.10‍ ‍—‍ 3.14， P<0.05） for the onset of AP. ConclusionThe incidence rate and risk of AP tend to increase with the increase in cumTG exposure.

Objective:To investigate the endorectal ultrasound findings in rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (R-NEN) and to compare the diagnostic performance of ERUS and MRI for T staging of R-NENs.Methods:The imaging features of 77 confirmed R-NEN cases with different pathological grades in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from August 2015 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed and the abilities of ERUS and MRI for T staging of R-NENs were compared.Results:A total of 77 R-NEN patients underwent preoperative ERUS examinations and detected lesions in 62 patients with a detection rate of 80.52%. Among them, 30 cases underwent simultaneous MRI examinations, and detected lesions in 25 cases with a detection rate of 83.33%, without statistical difference between MRI and ERUS ( P>0.05). R-NEN exhibited hypoechoic nodules with rich blood flow in the submucosa on ERUS. Grade G1 and G2 tumors generally had sizes less than 10 mm, clear boundaries, and regular shapes, while G3 was typically large, irregular, poorly defined, and more likely to invade the musculi propria and serous layer. G3 demonstrated a more profound infiltration level, a less defined border, and a larger diameter than G1 and G2, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). For T staging, the accuracy of ERUS was 86.67%, and that of MRI was 94.67%, with no statistical difference ( P>0.05). Conclusions:ERUS is effective for detecting R-NEN lesions and useful for tumor grading with comparable performance to MRI, and should be recommended for preoperative evaluation of neuroendocrine tumors.

From December 2022 to January 2023, 4 lung transplant recipients (3 males and 1 female, aged 52-60 years, all received transplantation less than 1 year) were hospitalized in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University due to COVID-19 after surgery. The clinical manifestations were mostly characterized by elevated body temperature accompanied by shortness of breath, and indicators such as heart rate, oxygen saturation, and oxygenation index could reflect the severity of the condition. The therapy was timely adjusted to immunosuppressive drugs, upgraded oxygen therapy, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal therapy, prone ventilation, general treatment, and anticoagulant therapy, depending on the situation. Finally, 3 patients were cured and discharged from hospital, and 1 died.

Objective To investigate the correlation between exposure of uric acid accumulation and the risks of acute pancreatitis(AP)in the population in Kailuan Group.Methods A prospective study was performed based on thesubjects receiving annual physical examination during 2006 to 2010 in Kailuan Group.All of them had no AP history but had complete data on UA.The starting point of follow-up was when the subjects completed the health examination in 2010,and the end point was new AP events,deaths or the end of follow-up(2021-12-31).Exposure of uric acid accumulation(cumUA)was calculated according to the average values of uric acid measured in each two consecutive physical examinations and the intervalbetween these two consecutive physical examinations.The cumulative incidences of AP indifferent subgroups(determined by the quartile of cumUA)were described using Kaplan-Meier product limit-method and compared by log-rank test.Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the impacts of different cumUA subgroups on new occurrence of AP events.Results A total of 55,799 subjects were included in this study.The subjects were divided into four groups according to the quartile of cumUA.Sex ratio,average age,BMI,systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),FPG,TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C,smoking,alcohol consumption,education≥9 years,physical exercise,history of hypertension,and history of cholelithiasis differed significantly among the groups(P<0.05),there was no difference in diabetes history among the 4 groups(P=0.30).153 patients developed AP during an average follow-up of(10.52±1.75)years,the incidence rates were 1.65,2.76,2.13 and 3.96 per 10 000 person-year in the Q1,Q2,Q3and Q4,respectively(P<0.01).After adjusting sex,age,TC,TG,eGFR,smoking,alcohol consumption,education,physical activity,and history of hypertension,diabetes,or cholelithiasis,Multivariate analysis showed a significantly increased risk in Q4(HR=1.77,95%CI:1.07～2.92)as comparing with Q1.After excluding deaths during the follow-up period,Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed again in Q4 HR=1.75(95%CI:1.04～2.95).Conclusions With the increase of cumUA exposure,both morbidity and risk of AP occur-rence have the tendency of rising.

Objective To investigate the relationship between gene mutation characteristics and immunological markers in patients with small cell lung cancer.Methods From January 2019 to 2020,155 patients with small cell lung cancer were admitted.Gene mutations were detected in these patients using target gene capture and sequencing method.Moreover,the tumor mutational burden(TMB)and expression of PD-L1 in some patients were detected.Results A total of 326 gene mutations were detected in the patients,the most significant of which were TP53 and RB1.Among the 8 genes with mutation frequency higher than 15％,patients with KMT2D,KMT2C,FAT1 and NOTCH1 mutations had higher TMB than those without mutation,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The most common mutated genes in patients with small cell lung cancer are TP53 and RB1.KMT2D,KMT2C,FAT1 and NOTCH1 may be potential markers for the efficacy of immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer.